今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.27☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
PBS News Weekend Nov. 26, 2023
週末版の字幕はいつも間違いや省略が非常に多いのですが、今日は、比較的少なかったので字幕ファイルを作りました。
オリジナルの字幕は大文字表記のものを使いましたが、一度すべて小文字に変換してから使いましたので、今日の字幕ファイルは小文字表記になっています (書き加えた部分などは一部大文字) 。
比較用に、訂正前のオリジナルの字幕もアップロードしておきます。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Nov 26, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
[00:00] Introduction
[02:08] Relief, joy as more hostages are released on 3rd day of Israel-Hamas truce
イスラエルとハマスの戦い５１日目／３回目の人質交換
Two Americans, including a 4-year-old girl, were among the 17 hostages Hamas released in the third exchange for 39 Palestinians released from Israeli prisons. The four-day cease-fire deal is also allowing aid trucks to cross into Gaza and deliver crucial supplies. Late on Sunday, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu seemed to open the door to more pauses in fighting if Hamas releases more hostages.
[04:50] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
A tanker with links to Israel was seized off the coast of Yemen, police say a gunman confronted and shot three young men of Palestinian descent enrolled in American colleges as they walked to dinner in Vermont, and a powerful winter storm swept through parts of eastern Europe.
[05:08] Three young men of Palestinian descent were shot last evening as they walked to dinner in Burlington, Vermont. All 3 graduated from the same high school in the West Bank and are now in American colleges. Burlington police say a white male with a handgun confronted them. Arab anti-discriminaton groups say they were chatting in Arabic and wearing keffiyehs.
[* keffiyeh = A headdress traditionally worn by some Arabs, also used as a scarf (wiktionary). カフィエ ]
[06:18]★今日のおすすめ★ Researchers find strong relationships protect long-term health and happiness
ハーバード大学医学部研究：生涯の健康と幸福には人間関係が大切
A decades-long Harvard study has concluded that good relationships and close friendships are the key to lifelong health and happiness. Ali Rogin speaks with Dr. Robert Waldinger, a clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and the study’s director, to learn more about his team’s research and how people can nurture the relationships in their lives.
《A Harvard study of adult development found that close friendships, more than money, fame or even your cholesterol level, are connected to keeping people happy and healthy in the long term; It seems to have to do with stress, that relationships help us weather the stresses that are normal in our lives, right? -- so, that if something happens to me today that's upsetting, I can go home and call somebody or I can talk to my partner and I can literally feel my body calm down. And we think that it's partly that calming effect when we're stressed that protects us from the ravages of, you know, of time; 》
[08:18] What we find is that everybody needs somebody who they feel really has their back that they could go to in times of need. But then, beyond that, it could be friends, work relationships, even casual relationships. The person who checks you out in the grocery store, if you have a friendly conversation with that person, you get a little hit [* hit = a dose ] of well-being.
[* = 食料品店のレジの人 // to check (someone) out = To tally someone's purchases and take payment for them ]
[09:49] The holiday season can be a wonderful time full of friends and good cheer, but it can also be a stressful time -- things like planning for travel and hosting big groups. What are your recommendations for people looking to stay present once they're with the people that they love?
[* present = Attentive; alert; focused (wiktionary)]
[11:50] Linda Pistun on girls in science and setting her sights on Mars
天体物理学、昆虫食、科学教育で世界を変える１１歳少女
Five years ago, Linda Pistun set out to achieve two goals: end world hunger and improve science education in public schools. In August, at the age of 11, she became a published author. John Yang speaks with Pistun about how she’s trying to change the world through astrophysics, mealworms and teaching young girls science.
[17:52] So, my grandmother was named Linda like me. My mom tells me she was really nice. She was unfortunately killed by the D.C. snipers before I was born, so I never actually got to meet her. But she was a math and science teacher and loved math and science just like me.
[* The D.C. sniper attacks (also known as the Beltway sniper attacks) were a series of coordinated shootings that occurred during three weeks in October 2002 throughout the Washington metropolitan area...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._sniper_attacks ]
[18:33]★今日のおすすめ★ The cutting-edge work of Native American aerospace engineer Mary Golda Ross
１１月はネイティブアメリカン文化遺産月間: 歴史に埋もれた貢献者: ネイティブアメリカン女性初のエンジニア、メアリー・ゴルダ・ロス
As Native American Heritage Month comes to a close, for our “Hidden Histories” series, we look at the life and legacy of Mary Golda Ross, the first Native American woman to become an engineer and a pioneering figure of the space age.
[18:58] She was born in 1908 in Park Hill, Oklahoma, to a family with a proud Cherokee heritage -- her great, great grandfather, John Ross, was chief of the Cherokee Nation during the turbulent and traumatic era of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Thousands of Cherokee people were forced to leave their ancestral lands in the American Southeast and walk to Indian territory in what is now Oklahoma, a route known as the Trail of Tears.
[* The Indian Removal Act was signed into law on May 28, 1830, by United States President Andrew Jackson. The law, as described by Congress, provided "for an exchange of lands with the Native Americans residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) インディアン移住法、インディアン強制移住法 ]
[* The Trail of Tears was an ethnic cleansing and forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) 涙の道 ]
[20:59] But Lockheed kept Ross on the job, even sending her to UCLA for her professional certification in engineering, the first Native American woman to earn that credential. Ross was one of the early members of Lockheed's famed Skunk Works, the top-secret advanced development division that worked on cutting edge, breakthrough aerospace technology. She was the only woman and the only Native American at the Skunk Works.
[* Skunk Works is an official pseudonym for Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects. It is responsible for a number of aircraft designs, highly classified research and development programs, and exotic aircraft platforms...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) スカンクワークス ]
[22:21] In 2019, the U.S. Mint honored Ross by putting her image on a Sacagawea one-dollar coin.
[* The Sacagawea dollar (also known as the "golden dollar") is a United States dollar coin introduced in 2000, but subsequently minted only for niche circulation from 2002 onward...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar ]