東大受験 英英単語
「東大受験 英英単語」の電子書籍を出版したので紹介させていただきます。
東京大学の英語試験には、他の大学と比べても高度な英語力と分析力が求められます。特に長文読解、和訳・英訳、自由英作文など、多岐にわたる形式で総合的な英語力が測られるため、内容も非常にチャレンジングです。
まず、長文読解の難易度が特に高いことが特徴です。出題されるテーマは科学、歴史、哲学、経済といった幅広い分野にわたります。これらのテーマは抽象的で、大学レベルの専門知識や背景理解が求められることもあります。文章構造は複雑で、関係代名詞や挿入句、倒置などの多用された難解な構文が多いため、構文解析能力が重要です。さらに、文章量も多いため、速読力が求められる一方で、筆者の意図や論理展開を精確に理解するためには精読も必要になります。段落ごとに要点を押さえつつ、筆者の主張をしっかりと把握する力が必要です。
次に、和訳・英訳問題では高度な語彙力と表現力が要求されます。和訳では、日本語として自然な表現を用い、原文の意味を正確に伝える必要があります。英訳では、日本語の言い回しをただ英語に置き換えるだけではなく、英語特有の表現や文脈に合った自然な英文にする能力が求められます。こうした翻訳問題では、英語と日本語の文法や構文への深い理解が重要です。特に、倒置や強調構文など英語独自の構造を見抜く力が必要とされます。
自由英作文の問題も、論理的な思考力と豊かな表現力が求められる重要なパートです。東大の自由英作文では、しばしば社会的・抽象的なテーマについて意見が問われるため、テーマに対して自分の考えを論理的に展開し、説得力のある主張を展開する力が必要です。単に文法的に正しい文を書くのではなく、効果的な語彙の選択と多様な表現の使い分けが評価の対象となります。英作文では序論・本論・結論といった段落構成も重要で、各段落が論理的に関連し、主張を明確に表すことが求められます。
このように、東大の英語試験では、読解力、語彙力、表現力に加え、論理的な思考力も兼ね備えた学習が不可欠です。普段の学習方法として、英字新聞や学術論文などを活用して多くの文章に触れ、筆者の論理展開や意図を読み取る練習を積み重ねることが効果的です。また、和訳・英訳に関しては、過去問を使って自然な訳を作る練習を行い、自然で分かりやすい日本語や英語の文章が書けるように鍛えることが大切です。英作文においては、自分で書いた内容を添削してもらいながら、表現力や論理力を高める努力が必要です。過去問で出題されたテーマについても、自分の意見をまとめ、実際に書いてみることで、より自信を持って解答に臨むことができるでしょう。
以下は電子書籍の一部抜粋です。
・civilization
a state of human society that is very developed and organized
・childhood
the period of somebody’s life when they are a child
・characteristics
a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has
・cause
the person or thing that makes something happen
・career
the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes
・candidate
a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job
・distance
the amount of space between two places or things
・disadvantage
something that causes problems, or that makes someone or something less likely to be successful or effective
・diet
the food that you eat and drink regularly
・dialogue
conversations in a book, play, or film/movie
・detail
a small individual fact or item
・degree
the level or amount of something
・decade
a period of ten years
・deal
an agreement or arrangement, especially in business or politics, that helps both sides involved
・dawn
the time of day when light first appears
・expression
things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions and ideas
・expert
a person with special knowledge, skill or training in something
・experiment
a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge
・experience
the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing something for a period of time
・evidence
the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that something is true
・environment
the air, water, and land on Earth, which is affected by man’s activities
・effort
the physical or mental energy that you need to do something
・education
a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills
・figure
a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information
・guess
to try and give an answer or make a judgement about something without being sure of all the facts
・growth
an increase in the size, amount or degree of something
・grown-up
fully developed as an adult
・grammar
the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences
・geography
the scientific study of the earth’s surface, physical features, divisions, products, population, etc
・generation
all the people who were born at about the same time
・human being
a person rather than an animal or a machine
・hedge
a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, usually along the edge of a field, garden/yard or road
・instinct
a natural tendency for people and animals to behave in a particular way using the knowledge and abilities that they were born with rather than thought or training
・instance
a particular example or case of something
・location
a place where something happens or exists
・lecture
a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject, often as part of a university or college course
・language
the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people of a particular country or area
・landscape
everything you can see when you look across a large area of land, especially in the country
・lack
the state of not having something or not having enough of something
・labor
work, especially physical work
・moment
a very short period of time
・missing
something that is missing is not in its usual place, so that you cannot find it
・method
a planned way of doing something, especially one that a lot of people know about and use
・mess
if there is a mess somewhere or a place is a mess, things there are dirty or not neatly arranged
・matter
a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with
・male
belonging to the sex that does not give birth to babies
・neighborhood
the area around you or around a particular place, or the people who live there
・necessity
something that you need to have in order to live
・object
a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive
・purpose
the purpose of something is what it is intended to achieve
・psychology
the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behavior
・progress
the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing something
・product
a thing that is grown or produced, usually for sale
・process
a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result
・practice
when you do a particular thing, often regularly, in order to improve your skill at it
・population
the number of people living in a particular area, country etc
・pollution
the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty
・pleasure
a state of feeling or being happy or satisfied
・personality
the various aspects of a person’s character that combine to make them different from other people
・passenger
a person who is traveling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship and who is not driving it or working on it
・passage
a long narrow area with walls on either side that connects one room or place with another
・root
the part of a plant that grows under the ground and absorbs water and minerals that it sends to the rest of the plant
・reward
a thing that you are given because you have done something good, worked hard, etc
・result
a thing that is caused or produced because of something else
・respect
a feeling of admiration for somebody/something because of their good qualities or achievements
・reservation
an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, etc. to be kept for you
・research
a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it
・relationship
the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
・region
a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders
・reason
a cause or an explanation for something that has happened or that somebody has done
・race
one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to their physical differences, for example the color of their skin
・subject
a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt with
・stuff
used to refer to a substance, material, group of objects, etc. when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about
・state
the mental, emotional or physical condition that a person or thing is in
・standard
a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation
・species
a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants
・sort
a group or type of people or things that are similar in a particular way
・soldier
a member of an army, especially one who is not an officer
・society
a particular community of people who share the same customs, laws, etc
・scheme
a plan or system for doing or organizing something
・scene
the place where something happens
・sight
the area or distance within which somebody can see or something can be seen
・saving
an amount of something such as time or money that you do not need to use or spend
・salary
money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month
・trace
to find or discover somebody/something by looking carefully for them/it
・tongue
the soft part in the mouth that moves around, used for tasting, swallowing, speaking, etc
・mother tongue
the language that you first learn to speak when you are a child
・theory
a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or exists
・terms
the conditions that people offer, demand or accept when they make an agreement, an arrangement or a contract
・talent
a natural ability to do something well
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