今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.29☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 28, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:44]★今日のおすすめ★ Negotiations continue to extend cease-fire and expand hostage release
イスラエルとハマスの戦い５３日目／人質解放続く／一時停戦をさらに延長できるか
Tuesday was the day the war could have resumed in Gaza with an initial truce set to expire. Instead, it was the fifth day of a pause in fighting, the fifth day of Hamas releasing mostly Israeli hostages, Israel releasing 30 detained Palestinians and more aid arriving in Gaza. Nick Schifrin reports.
《U.S. officials say the goal is to expand the category of hostage that Hamas would release... At each step, Israel would have to expand the category, again, of Palestinian it is willing to release from its detention, from its prisons. And that is the core of what the U.S. officials, intelligence officials are in Doha right now to try and negotiate with Hamas, mediated by Qatar, try and figure out how Hamas can expand the categories and how Israel can expand the categories of detainees and prisoners it would release; the U.S. officials went much further than they have so far, warning Israel about the military operation, saying that the military operation in the south cannot displace as many Gazans as it did in the north, cannot damage or destroy as many buildings as they did in the north; 》
[09:15] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Hunter Biden countered a subpoena from House Republicans with an offer to testify publicly before Congress, the powerful Koch network formally endorsed Nikki Haley's presidential campaign, 41 trapped construction workers were rescued from a collapsed tunnel in India and American journalist Evan Gershkovich will stay in Russian detention until at least January 30.
《The National Retail Federation reports more than 200 million shoppers took advantage of Thanksgiving weekend deals. And the data tracking firm Adobe Analytics says spending jumped nearly 8 percent from a year ago. The numbers were well above expectations; 》
[09:46] In the Republican presidential race, the powerful Koch network formally endorsed former U.N. Ambassador Nikki Haley today, lending her an army of activists and a huge fund-raising boost. The conservative group led by billionaire Charles Koch argues that former President Trump cannot beat President Biden. Haley has been rising in the polls, but remains far behind Mr. Trump.
[** Koch network = see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_activities_of_the_Koch_brothers#The_Koch_Network ]
[12:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Texas Supreme Court hears case brought by women denied abortions despite risks to health
テキサス州最高裁審理：中絶禁止の州法は妊娠合併症の女性にとって危険か／原告女性と主任弁護士に聞く
The Texas Supreme Court heard arguments in a case brought by 20 women who allege they have been denied emergency care because of the state’s abortion laws. They argue the medical exceptions in the state’s abortion bans are too narrow to protect patients who face pregnancy complications. Geoff Bennett discussed the case with one of the plaintiffs, Taylor Edwards, and lead attorney Molly Duane.
《What are the penalties for physicians who violate Texas' abortion laws? MOLLY DUANE: They could not be more extreme. We are talking about life in prison, loss of medical license, and hundreds of thousands of dollars in civil fines. So, quite understandably, physicians are terrified; 》
[13:51] I was 18 weeks pregnant at that point and trying to -- like, I was worried I was going to be too far along. It was a whole thing. And so I tried to find another clinic in New Mexico that was available, and there was none.
[** far along = advanced in pregnancy ]
[** a whole thing = a complicated situation (thefreedictionary) ]
[19:17] Faith, service and duty at center of memorial for Rosalynn Carter
ロザリン・カーター元大統領夫人への追悼が続く
A series of private and public memorials are being held for former First Lady Rosalynn Carter this week. As in her life, faith, service and duty were at the center of Tuesday's ceremony in Georgia. Amna Nawaz reports.
[23:43]★今日のおすすめ★ What makes nurses vulnerable to burnout and how it impacts the care they provide
看護師の「燃え尽き」と患者のケアへの影響
A federal study shows that last year, nearly half of healthcare workers reported they often feel burned out. Research suggests nurses are especially vulnerable and that can impact the care they provide. In collaboration with the Global Health Reporting Center and with support from the Pulitzer Center, Stephanie Sy reports from Columbus, Ohio, for our series, Critical Care: The Future of Nursing.
《Research shows that nurses suffer disproportionately from mental health conditions. Even before the pandemic, the risk of suicide among female nurses was nearly twice the risk in the general population and 70 percent higher than among female physicians. Today, hospital nurses are much more likely to report burnout than their physician counterparts; the more depressed and burnt out you are, the more preventable medical errors that are made. So not only is it unhealthy for our population, but it adversely impacts health care quality and patient safety; nurses, for example, who believe their organization has a culture that invests in their well-being, there's much less burnout, much less depression and stress; Nearly 18 percent of newly licensed registered nurses quit the profession within the first year; A national survey of 7,000 nurses earlier this year found two-thirds were not receiving any kind of mental health support; Nurses' 24/7 schedules can be part of the problem; golden retriever Shiloh, one of 37 therapy dogs who visit Wexner Medical Center, not for patients, but clinicians; One factor pushing nurses to the brink, the pressures of a profit-driven health care system; You have this moral obligation to assist patients in achieving their health and wellness. When you can't do that because of systems that are in place, that's where that distress comes from... Researchers call this feeling moral injury and find it can lead clinicians to depression and even post-traumatic stress disorder; Taking care of nurses so they can take care of us; 》
[27:32] STEPHANIE SY: Taylor Schwein is a psychiatric nurse practitioner in training.
[** nurse practitioner = 先日の番組で詳しく取り上げています ]
[29:06] BERNADETTE MELNYK: These things work. Mindfulness is evidence-based, really decreases stress and anxiety, cognitive behavior skills building, and that is all about teaching people to catch, check, and change automatic, unhelpful thoughts.
[** mindfulness = (Psychology) the practice of giving complete and non-judgmental attention to one's present experience, used as a stress-reduction technique (Merriam-Webster); マインドフルネス,自分の身に今起きていることに意識を集中させて,自分の感情・思考・感覚を冷静に認識して,現実を受け入れること (『英辞郎』) ]
[30:14] SARAH KINCAID: You have this moral obligation to assist patients in achieving their health and wellness. When you can't do that because of systems that are in place, that's where that distress comes from. That's where that frustration, that burnout -- there's only so many times you can hit your head against a wall.
STEPHANIE SY: Researchers call this feeling moral injury and find it can lead clinicians to depression and even post-traumatic stress disorder.
[** moral injury = A moral injury is an injury to an individual's moral conscience and values resulting from an act of perceived moral transgression on the part of themselves or others. It produces profound feelings of guilt or shame, moral disorientation, and societal alienation. In some cases it may cause a sense of betrayal and anger toward colleagues, commanders, the organization, politics, or society at large...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_injury ]
[32:05] Kentucky writing program amplifies unheard voices through the power of publishing
普通の人が書く並外れたストーリー／ケンタッキー州の執筆プログラム
Ordinary people with extraordinary stories. That’s the ethos behind the Louisville Story Program which is celebrating ten years of amplifying unheard voices and untold stories. Jeffrey Brown went to Kentucky to see the power of writing one’s own story. It’s part of our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
[39:44] A Brief But Spectacular take on nourishing the mind, body and soul
教会を通して食事の不足と健康を改善する
Over the last five years, more than 170 churches have joined Rev. Dr. Heber Brown III's mission to address disenfranchisement and food insecurity. Rev. Brown shares his Brief But Spectacular take on nourishing the mind, body and soul.
《Black Church Food Security Network; 》
[43:25] Why cricket is having a resurgence in popularity in America
再放送： アメリカでクリケット人気復活
この部分は再放送です。前回放送の方に少し語句説明があります
Cricket was once one of the most popular sports in the United States, until baseball became entrenched as America’s game during the Civil War. Now, the sport that was first played in England is seeing a resurgence across the pond, thanks in part to thriving South Asian immigrant communities who revere the game. Amna Nawaz reports.
[50:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Remains of 5 Native Americans returned home 120 years after graves were looted
盗掘から１２０年ぶりに戻った５人のネイティブアメリカンの遺骨
A Native American tribe in Minnesota recently welcomed home five of its ancestors more than a century after their remains left the state. Their burial sites had been looted by a white landowner who took them to Connecticut and the remains sat in a basement until officials were able to reconnect them to the land and the tribe from where they came. Kaomi Lee of Twin Cities PBS reports.
[53:28] That agency complied with a federal law called the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. It requires institutions that are federally funded or located on federal land to identify and return indigenous ancestral remains and objects to the Native nations to which they belong.
[** Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act =
see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act ]