今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.24☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 23, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:26]★今日のおすすめ★ Israel prepares to pause fighting for hostage and prisoner exchange with Hamas
イスラエルとハマスの戦い48日目／一時停戦・人質交換が間近／06:46～ヨルダンのマルワン・ムアシェル元外相に聞く
After 48 days of war, 48 days of hoping the kidnapped will be released, these are the final hours before the guns are scheduled to go silent in Gaza. Israel has committed to pause its military campaign Friday and Hamas has committed to release 13 hostages it kidnapped during the October 7 terrorist attack. Nick Schifrin discusses the exchange with former Jordanian foreign minister Marwan Muasher.
《Israel's offensive is set to stop at 7:00 a.m. local tomorrow, when it will also allow more humanitarian aid trucks to reach Gaza. At 4:00 p.m. local, Hamas vows to release 13 women and children. Releases and the military pause will continue for four days, until 50 children and women are released. And for each additional 10 children and women that Hamas releases, Israel would hold fire for an additional day; I'm very worried. Jordan is worried, and Egypt is worried also, that we are seeing what might be an Israeli attempt to have a mass transfer of Palestinians from Gaza to Egypt and from the West Bank to Jordan. I think that is the worry. And U.S. administration have already privately admitted that Jordan and Egypt are justified in these concerns and have publicly warned Israel not to engage in any such operations; Jordan and Egypt have both publicly refused U.S. requests to involve Arab troops into some kind of day-after plan for Gaza; 》
[09:41] NICK SCHIFRIN: Israel has two different categories of detainees it has, both administrative detainees and those it has arrested. And there are hundreds who are on the list to be possibly released tonight.
[** < administrative detention = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[16:00] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Thanksgiving was derailed in a small Kentucky town after a train wrecked and spilled molten sulfur, police in Niagara Falls are working to determine what led to a deadly wreck at a border crossing, New York Mayor Eric Adams denied he sexually assaulted a woman in 1993 when he worked for the police department and raids in Germany targeted members and supporters of Hamas.
《In Nepal, protesters came out in the tens of thousands today demanding the monarchy be restored; Nepal's monarchy was abolished in 2008 after protests forced an end to the king's authoritarian rule; There's word that former President Trump will visit Argentina to meet with the country's new president-elect. Javier Milei's office says the two men made the plans in a phone call last night, but gave no date. The libertarian populist is often compared to Mr. Trump; Macy's Parade in New York; in Philadelphia, revelers gathered for the nation's original Thanksgiving Day Parade. That dates to 1920; 》
[16:54] New York City Mayor Eric Adams is denying that he sexually assaulted a woman in 1993 when he worked for the police department. A civil summons filed Wednesday in state court asked for a trial and $5 million in damages.
[** summons (これで単数形) = A summons is a form prepared by the plaintiff and issued by a court that informs the defendant that they are being sued or are required to appear in court...
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/summons 出廷命令 ]
[20:10] Organized labor still faces challenges after series of major union wins
ストライキ勝利が目立つ一方、課題も多い労働組合
This has been the season of organized labor’s discontent. But it has also been the season of big wins by unions from Hollywood, UPS, healthcare workers and the UAW. John Yang spoke with Lauren Kaori Gurley of The Washington Post to get some analysis on what this means for workers and the challenges ahead.
《public support for unions has been growing, but the proportion of workers who belong to unions has been going down steadily for the past several decades; last year, union membership in the United States fell to a historic low at 10.1 percent. And that's only actually 6 percent of workers in the private sector. That, like you said, has been in decline since the 1980s; 》
[26:57]★今日のおすすめ★ Southeast Asia flooded with imported plastic waste meant for recycling
リサイクル用と称して東南アジアへ送られるプラスチック廃棄物
Last year, the U.S. exported more than 950 million tons of plastic waste meant for recycling and a significant portion of that ended up in Southeast Asia. The region has been inundated with plastic scrap after China blocked all but the cleanest plastic waste imports in 2018. Special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro reports on how Thailand is dealing with the problem of plastic.
《Thailand announced it will restrict plastic waste imports starting next year and completely ban the shipments starting in 2025; 》
[35:02] Youngest NCAA Division I coach leads Tar Heels to field hockey national championship
NCAA D1最年少監督率いるフィールドホッケーチームが優勝
The youngest coach in NCAA Division I sports this year just took home a national championship. Amna Nawaz spoke with 23-year-old Erin Matson, the rookie head coach of the North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey team, about the victory that gained national attention.
《As a player on the University of North Carolina's field hockey team, Erin Matson made history. She was a three-time national player of the year and a four-time national champion. Then, two months after graduating in 2022, Matson was named head coach of that same team; the youngest championship-winning coach in NCAA Division I history; 》
[35:18] AMNA NAWAZ: As a player on the University of North Carolina's field hockey team, Erin Matson made history. She was a three-time national player of the year and a four-time national champion. Then, two months after graduating in 2022, Matson was named head coach of that same team. Now 23 years old, in her first season at the helm, the NCAA's youngest Division I coach led the Tar Heels to yet another national title, defeating Northwestern in double overtime.
[** Tar Heel = (この文脈では) North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey team. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_field_hockey //
Tar Heel = a native or inhabitant of North Carolina; a person associated with or supportive of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ]
[38:49] AMNA NAWAZ: I should also mention, I believe you're also the only NCAA head coach to have lived through the name, image and likeness era as a player, otherwise known as NIL.
[** NIL = name, image, and likeness < In college athletics in the United States, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has historically resisted efforts to compensate college athletes. However, after years of effort by those in favor of student-athlete compensation, culminating in the Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston (2021), college athletes may now earn compensation for their name, image, and likeness (NIL)... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_athlete_compensation ]
[41:29] 'The World in a Wineglass' explores state of wine production and future of industry
気候変動とワイン製造、そしてお勧めの１本を専門家に聞く
Many Americans likely paired their Thanksgiving meals with a nice bottle of wine. That's something that shouldn't be taken for granted because climate change is threatening wine production across the globe. Geoff Bennett spoke with one wine expert about the state of wine production and gets some recommendations on which bottle to try next.
《Chateau de Beaucastel is one of the great chateau nouveau producers in France. They have been farming organically since 1950. They have never put it on the label. And Marc Perrin, who's the family that owns it, said to me, his father said to him there are the people who go to church because they believe and there are the people who go to church so they can tell everybody they went to church. So they have been organic for a long time. They don't promote it, but that's -- they believe in it; The book is "The World in a Wineglass: The Insider's Guide to Artisanal, Sustainable, Extraordinary Wines to Drink Now" by Ray Isle; 》
[42:50] But there's also been a lot of climate issues which have affected grape production. You see it around the world, which is what the climate is doing, everything from fires in California, to hail in the wrong season in France, to heat spikes here and there. And then all this makes growing grapes for wine quite difficult. People manage. They keep going. They adapt to the climate shifting on them, but it's definitely thrown some wrenches at vintners' ways, I guess you would say.
[** 類似表現 to throw a wrench in = To introduce a problem, dilemma or obstacle in; to complicate (wiktionary) ]
[43:29] I mean, a handful of very large producers make a huge amount of wine. And a lot of what you see on store shelves are brands that are owned by three or four or five companies. And I wanted to write this book to write about wineries that are working sustainably or organically that are run by people who live at the vineyard,who are on the vineyard, are trying to express something of a place and of personal passion. And a lot of wines are not that. They're made in 100,000-gallon tanks and they're enzymatically pushed through fermentation and zapped with liquid tannins and whatever you want. And it makes a very pleasant beverage product, I guess is the way you would say it. That wasn't what I was after with this book. I wanted to get to the kind of soul of wines that really -- we're about the land, as an agricultural product, as well as a drink.
[** to zap = 舌や鼻を刺激する味付けにする (『リーダーズ＋プラス』). この文脈では、タンニンの液体で人工的に手っ取り早く渋味を加える ]
[44:27] GEOFF BENNETT: But the most interesting part of this book in many ways is, you talk about learning to describe wine based on the stories that sort of come from them...
RAY ISLE: Yes.
GEOFF BENNETT: ... less so by the point system.
RAY ISLE: Yes, I think the point system is a little reductive in a way,
[** reductive = (now frequently derogatory) That reduces an argument, issue etc. to its most basic terms; simplistic ]
[47:36]★今日のおすすめ★ How volunteer drone operators found thousands of lost dogs in Britain
ドローンで迷子犬を見つける。イギリスからのリポート
Small, inexpensive, off-the-shelf drones have transformed the battlefield. Both Russian and Ukrainian forces are using them to devastating effect. But in Britain, the technology has brought new hope to families who’ve lost their dogs. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports from southern England.
[47:36] NICK SCHIFRIN: Finally tonight, finding Fido by drone. Off-the-shelf drones have transformed the battlefield. Now they are helping reunite us with man's best friend,
[** Fido = A representative given name for a dog (wiktionary). ポチのような感じで、犬の名前といえばFido ]
[* off-the-shelf = purchased or commonly available without modification or customization ]
[49:08] SHANE PHILLIPS: Dogs tend to hide in quite dense undergrowth. They're never usually out in the open. But with the drone, especially with thermal capabilities, you can clearly open very quickly. We can scan this whole field area here in a matter of seconds. And at least we can say, there's no dog here, and you can focus your efforts elsewhere.
[** to open = to uncover, lay bare, or expose to view ]
[50:14] Xena faced her third night alone, while her owner endured a tumult of anxiety and hope. Similar emotions flowed at the biggest reservoir in North Wales, when a dog walker's idyllic country stroll went pear-shaped. Her charge, Charlie (ph), a venerable spaniel, suddenly vanished into thin air.
[** to go pear-shaped = to go wrong, awry]
[** charge = One that is entrusted to another's care or management; a duty or responsibility entrusted to one; この文脈では、dog walkerが散歩させていた犬のこと。// dog walker = お金をもらって他人の犬を散歩させる人 ]
[51:00] MALCOLM BRABANT: Cometh the hour, cometh the drone pilot. Tim Smith spotted Lydia's SOS post in a Facebook dog search-and-rescue group.
[** < cometh the hour, cometh the man = When the situation is tough, and when the time comes, a man who can turn the tide and win the situation comes.
https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-is-the-meaning-of-cometh-the-hour-cometh-the-man/ ]