今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.08☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Dec. 7, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・上の字幕ファイルがメインです
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[02:31]★今日のおすすめ★ Civilians caught in crossfire as Israel targets Rafah after militants launch rocket attack
イスラエルとハマスの戦い６２日目
The top United Nations humanitarian official says the delivery of food, water and other aid to Gaza is not nearly enough, and not arriving quickly enough for nearly two million people in need. Meantime, Israel pressed its offensive in Southern Gaza and its pursuit of top Hamas leaders there as the war marked two months since the terror attacks of October 7. Geoff Bennett reports.
[06:38] GEOFF BENNETT: Meantime, in Tel Aviv, Israelis gathered downtown for a solemn first night of Hanukkah, the menorah, behind a row of candles, one for each hostage captured by Hamas and other armed groups two months ago.
[** Hanukkah... is a Jewish festival commemorating the recovery of Jerusalem and subsequent rededication of the Second Temple at the beginning of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanukkah ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
ハヌカー、ハニカ、 宮清めの祭、聖殿献堂の記念日 ]
[07:03] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
The U.S. military began a full-scale investigation of its V-22 Ospreys after grounding all of the tilt-rotor aircraft, UNLV says the victims in Wednesday's shooting attack were faculty members, the last of three Palestinian students shot in Vermont has been released from a hospital and the House censured Rep. Bowman for pulling a fire alarm while Congress was in session.
《Ospreys can take off like a helicopter and fly like a plane. They have been in service since 2007, but more than 50 troops have died in crashes over the years; The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, now says the victims in Wednesday's shooting attack were faculty members, not students. Three were killed, and one wounded. Police say the suspect was a former professor who had been rejected for jobs; Hisham Awartani was left paralyzed from the chest down in last month's attack; Former President Trump was back in court today to hear a key defense witness in his civil fraud trial in New York. He listened as an accounting professor testified that Trump Organization financial statements showed no evidence of fraud. Mr. Trump is scheduled to take the stand himself on Monday; 》
[09:21] [** 真珠湾攻撃から８２年のニュース ] Five frail survivors of the Pearl Harbor attack returned to Hawaii today 82 years since the attack that catapulted the United States into World War II. Japan's surprise aerial assault on December 7, 1941, killed more than 2300 American servicemen. Today, the number who survived is rapidly shrinking, and the National Park Service says it's a loss to history.
DAVID KILTON, National Park Service: We can share very solid and factual information, but those that experienced it, their stories and the reality of their feelings and their impressions just bring a certain power, an element of the real human touch.
AMNA NAWAZ: More than 1,100 of those killed in the attack were on the battleship Arizona when it exploded and sank. Today, only one member of the Arizona's crew is still alive at the age of 102.
[10:18] [** 原爆開発を扱った映画『オッペンハイマー』の日本公開が決まったというニュース ] The movie about creating the atomic bombs that the U.S. dropped on Japan will show in theaters there, after all. A Japanese distribution company announced that today, after months of heated debate over releasing the film. "Oppenheimer" debuted in most of the world last July.
[11:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Israeli activists say world has ignored Oct. 7 sexual violence against women
１０月７日のハマスによる攻撃、その時に起きた性暴力の数々
A United Nations commission is investigating potential war crimes on both sides of the Israel-Hamas war. But the UN agency dedicated to gender equality has been sharply criticized for waiting until this month to express alarm over sexual violence perpetrated during the October 7 Hamas attacks. Special correspondent Leila Molana-Allen reports. A warning: The accounts in this story are disturbing.
《Israeli officials say they have collected more than 1,000 testimonies of sexual atrocities, including gang rape and the mutilation of women's bodies, both before and after they were murdered; 》
[11:49] #MeToo unless you are a Jew!
[** # MeToo unless you are a Jew! = ユダヤ系女性が#MeToo運動の例外のようにされていることを非難している。// #MeToo = A feminist movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault. ]
[17:29] Ukrainian weapons production chief on why U.S. support is critical in fight against Russia
ウクライナと武器の共同製造で合意／ウクライナの武器国内生産責任者Alexander Kamyshinに聞く
The U.S. signed an agreement with Ukraine this week to accelerate the co-production of Ukrainian weapons. But there’s a long way to go before Ukraine has enough domestic armaments to fight the Russian military on its own. It comes as Congress is deadlocked over a $60 billion aid package. Nick Schifrin discussed more with Ukrainian Minister of Strategic Industries Alexander Kamyshin.
[20:47] ALEXANDER KAMYSHIN: Building defense industry takes years. Everyone knows that. We have got some quick wins and FrankenSAM portfolio of projects, how we call it.
NICK SCHIFRIN: FrankenSAM.
ALEXANDER KAMYSHIN: Yes.
NICK SCHIFRIN: [** FrankenSAMとは何かを説明している部分 ] This is the combination of different air defenses from the United States, from Europe, kind of Frankensteined together into Ukraine right now.
[** to Frankenstein = (transitive, colloquial) To combine two or more similar elements into a consistent entity (wiktionary). つぎはぎで作る、寄せ集めで作る ]
[24:33] Texas judge allows emergency abortion despite statewide ban
妊娠中絶禁止のテキサス州で地方裁判所判事が緊急中絶を許可／連邦最高裁によるロー対ウェイド判決破棄後、全米初／原告女性と中絶権擁護団体弁護士に聞く
A district judge in Texas stepped in to allow a woman to terminate her pregnancy despite a statewide abortion ban. It’s believed to be the first case since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade where a woman has asked a judge to approve an immediate abortion and won. Kate Cox, the plaintiff in the case, and Molly Duane of the Center for Reproductive Rights discussed more with Amna Nawaz.
《Judge Maya Gamble; 》
[28:16] And what I really want people to understand is that, in the 14 states where abortion is now entirely prohibited, and states like Florida and Arizona that have gestational bans that some people would call a compromise, but clearly are not, as they would affect Ms. Cox's care as well, there are no exceptions under those bans, because, if Ms. Cox doesn't fall within the exception, then what does the exception even mean?
[** Gestational bans ban abortion after a certain point in pregnancy -- such as at six, 15, or 22 weeks... ]
[32:04] GOP candidates focus attacks on each other as Trump skips another debate
大統領選の共和党予備選挙、４回目の候補者討論会／トランプはまた欠席
Wednesday's debate brought four GOP presidential hopefuls to the University of Alabama's campus for their last face-off of the year. And once again, the leading Republican contender, Donald Trump, skipped it. Laura Barron-Lopez reports.
《With the Iowa caucuses just 39 days away and only two more primary debates on the calendar... ; 》
[33:04] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Instead, entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy repeated Trump's lies about 2020 and embraced a racist conspiracy theory that claims white Americans, at the direction of elites, Democrats, or sometimes Jewish people, are being replaced by people of color.
VIVEK RAMASWAMY (R), Presidential Candidate: That the Great Replacement Theory [** 直前に説明がありますが、以前の番組にも出てきました ] is not some grand right-wing conspiracy theory, but a basic statement of the Democratic Party's platform, that the 2020 election was indeed stolen by big tech.
[35:26] Nevada charges pro-Trump fake electors accused of attempting to overturn 2020 election
ネバダ州の共和党幹部６人を起訴／ニセの大統領選挙人を仕立て２０２０年大統領選の結果転覆を画策
Six top Republican officials have been indicted in Nevada for pledging that state’s electoral votes to Donald Trump in 2020 as part of an illegal effort to reverse Trump’s loss to Joe Biden. Nevada is now the third state to bring criminal charges against false electors, following Georgia and Michigan. William Brangham discussed the cases with election law expert Rick Hasen.
《Nevada is now the third state to bring criminal charges against false electors, following Georgia and Michigan; In Wisconsin, another group of fake electors settled a civil lawsuit this week requiring them to admit Joe Biden won the presidency and that they were trying to improperly overturn that result; fake electors; he (= Kenneth Chesebro ) now, after pleading to crimes in Georgia, is cooperating with different state officials; 》
[36:06] Election law expert Rick Hasen is the director of the Safeguarding Democracy Project at UCLA's Law School and author of the forthcoming book "A Real Right to Vote: How a Constitutional Amendment Can Safeguard American Democracy." Rick, great to have you back on the "NewsHour."
[** Rick Hasenが前回この番組に出た時 ]
[37:57] One of the things that happened was that, in the Georgia case, which is the sprawling RICO case [** 以前の番組に出てきました ] involving lots of defendants, including charges against the fake electors, there was a plea agreement with one of the people advising Trump, a guy named Chesebro, who was behind the scheme.
[40:58]★今日のおすすめ★ Liz Cheney's 'Oath and Honor' spotlights dangers of a potential 2nd Trump presidency
リズ・チェイニー(下院共和党の元ナンバー３、チェイニー元副大統領の娘)へのインタビュー／トランプ２期目への警鐘／新刊回顧録『Oath and Honor: A Memoir and a Warning』
Liz Cheney was the number three Republican in the House of Representatives, voting with former President Trump 90 percent of the time. But that changed after Trump sought to overturn the 2020 election results and it cost her her job in Congress. Now, Cheney is speaking out again, warning of the dangers of a potential second Trump presidency in her book, "Oath and Honor: A Memoir and a Warning."
《if you look, for example, at someone like Ronny Jackson from Texas, the Select Committee uncovered text messages that showed the Oath Keepers, while they were invading and attacking the Capitol, were communicating about how they could help Ronny Jackson, how they could help to facilitate getting him out; 》
[46:35] There's a story you tell about what happens in the Cloakroom, with people signing an objection letter to the election results. And you name Mark Green as sighing and saying the things, "We do for Orange Jesus," referring to then-President Trump.
[* cloakroom = A private lounge next to a legislative chamber (wiktionary). 議員控え室]
[** Orange Jesus < it references how many people consider Trump as being "orange" in color, as well as his position of power and influence among Republicans... https://www.jpost.com/omg/article-717648 //
Trump is famous for his orange hair and skin.
オレンジ・ジーザス、オレンジ色のイエス・キリスト。 ドナルド・トランプのこと]
[50:28] A Brief But Spectacular take on how to protect your people
地域社会が知っている人物像を法廷に届けて刑事司法を変える
Raj Jayadev is a MacArthur Fellow and founder of an organization which supports people who have been through the criminal justice system. He shares his Brief But Spectacular take on how to protect your people.
《Participatory Defense is a community organizing model for families whose loved ones are facing charges, how they, the family and community, can be part of the legal team to change the outcome of that case and free their loved one; Isolation, I believe, is a feature, not a bug, of the criminal punishment system. It is how it forces unfair decisions. It is how it harms and breaks people, particularly Black and brown people. If that is the building blocks of that oppressive system, the way to dismantle and bring down that system is to do the opposite, to take something that feels isolating and lonely and convert the solution into something collective; families and communities make what we call social biography packets and social biography videos. It changes how decisions are made in the courtroom; 》
[50:28] GEOFF BENNETT: Raj Jayadev is a MacArthur Fellow and founder of an organization which supports people who've been through the criminal justice system.
[** The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and 30 individuals working in any field who have shown "extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction" and are citizens or residents of the United States... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) マッカーサー・フェロー ]
[51:07] Isolation, I believe, is a feature, not a bug, [** 以前の番組に出てきました ] of the criminal punishment system. It is how it forces unfair decisions. It is how it harms and breaks people, particularly Black and brown people.