今日の英語ニュース☆2023.08.08☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 7, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:15]★今日のおすすめ★ Trump legal team fights DOJ request for order limiting what can be said publicly about case
Donald Trump's legal battle is picking up steam with the former president's lawyers rushing to make deadlines imposed by the Department of Justice. Monday, Trump and his lawyers responded to special counsel Jack Smith’s protective order limiting what the former president could say about the trial. Amna Nawaz discussed more with former federal prosecutor Renatto Mariotti.
(トランプ弁護団、トランプ起訴、Donald Trump、Renatto Mariotti、元連邦検事、protective order、秘密保持命令、裁判に関する発言を制限、トランプ弁護士、John Lauro)
[02:22] Trump and his legal team responded to special counsel Jack Smith's request that the judge issue [* 仮定法現在なのでissuesではなくissue] a protective order [* = In litigation, an order that prevents the disclosure of sensitive information except to certain individuals under certain conditions. https://www.upcounsel.com/legal-def-protective-order 秘密保持命令] limiting what the former president could say publicly about the trial. In a filing today, Trump's lawyers pushed back, saying -- quote -- "The government seeks to restrict First Amendment rights. Worse, it does so against its administration's primary political opponent during an election season."
[05:58] DONALD TRUMP, Former President of the United States: Every time they file an indictment, we go way up in the polls. We need one more indictment to close out [* to close out = To bring about the end of something; to conclude something ] this election.
[06:14] RENATO MARIOTTI: Well, I think there's no question that the issue of the former president's First Amendment rights are going to color [* = to exert an influence on; to affect ] all of these discussions regarding the use and dissemination of evidence in the case. It's going to color a lot of the disputes in this case, because, of course, some of the witnesses in this case are not just former president's aides, but they're actually some -- in some cases, his opponents, like Mike Pence. So, obviously, that is going to be an issue here.
[08:33] News Wrap
Former police officer sentenced for his role in George Floyd's death: In our news wrap Monday, a judge in Minnesota sentenced the last former police officer convicted of state charges in George Floyd's death, leaders of the military coup in Niger closed the country's airspace, Russian shelling in Ukraine struck towns near the front lines killing at least seven people and a looming tropical storm is forcing mass evacuations at the World Scout Jamboree in South Korea.
（Tou Thao、ECOWAS、Barbie、a billion-dollar film、Greta Gerwig、Oscar-winning director William Friedkin、The Exorcist）
[12:40] Democratic strategist breaks down latest poll numbers in potential Biden-Trump rematch
Recent polls, including our own, show President Joe Biden simultaneously gaining ground and stuck in a dead-heat with former President Donald Trump should the 2024 presidential election become a 2020 rematch. Amna Nawaz discussed the race with Democratic strategist Faiz Shakir.
（Faiz Shakir、Democratic strategist、最新世論調査、２０２４年大統領選挙）
[13:34] I think most Democrats understand this president has acted as one that is moving the progressive dial for the Democratic Party [* < to move the dial = to make a measurable difference ] . He acts more like a prime minister than a president. He has to manage a coalition in which you have Joe Manchin to Bernie Sanders [* = 民主党内の右(Manchin)から左(Sanders)までという意味だが、正確には、Bernie Sandersはindependent(無所属)。でも、上院での投票行動などを見れば、実質的に民主党員。また、2016、2020年の大統領選の民主党予備選挙にも出ている ] and keep all of them generally happy, moving in the same direction. So it's a very hard job.
[14:54] I think I'm well-positioned to be president of the United States.
MAJOR GARRETT: You do?
REP. DEAN PHILLIPS: I do not believe I'm well-positioned to run for it right now. People who are should jump in, because we need to meet the moment [* to meet the moment = do what is needed given the present circumstances; rise to the occasion (Oxford Languages) ] .
[19:16]★今日のおすすめ★ How this week's election in Ohio could decide the fate of November's abortion vote
Since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, several states have put abortion rights on the ballot. This year, Ohio voters will decide whether to enshrine abortion access in the state constitution. But first, they will decide whether to raise the threshold of support needed for such votes. Laura Barrón-López discussed more with Karen Kasler, Statehouse Bureau Chief for Ohio Public Radio and TV.
（オハイオ州、Ohio Issue 1 Election 2023、special election、１１月の住民投票、州民投票、特別選挙、住民投票にかける要件を変更するか、可決に必要な票を過半数から６０％にするか、妊娠中絶権を州憲法へ、州憲法改正、Karen Kasler、Roe v Wade、ロー対ウェイド判決）
[19:16] AMNA NAWAZ: In the year since the Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade, a number of states have put abortion rights on the ballot. This year, it's Ohio, where voters will decide whether to enshrine abortion access in the state Constitution. But, as Laura Barron-Lopez reports, before that vote in November, Ohioans will decide tomorrow whether to raise the threshold of support needed for such votes.
LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Amna, it's a rare August election [* = 2023 Ohio Issue 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ohio_Issue_1 ] . And there will be just one decision for voters tomorrow. Should the state require 60 percent support for future constitutional amendments to pass?
[22:37] KAREN KASLER: Well, the ad total for radio and TV ads so far is around $22 million now. And that's just the official campaigns. You have a lot of outside groups, a lot of dark money groups [* = dark money refers to spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters. In the United States, some types of nonprofit organizations may spend money on campaigns without disclosing who their donors are. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_money ] that have also weighed in. And, of course, you have got mailers [* mailer = advertising sent by mail ] , you have got calls, you have got a lot of money pouring in on this.
[26:55] Tunisia, EU scrutinized for harsh treatment of migrants along route from Africa to Europe
Crews have given up hope of finding nearly 30 migrants thrown into the sea after setting sail from Tunisia. It happened as human rights groups called on Tunisia’s president to save migrants trapped on the border with Libya. The crisis also accelerated criticism of the European Union, which signed a deal with Tunisia to crack down on illegal migration. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports.
（Tunisia、チュニジア、移民、不法移民、Malcolm Brabant、Kais Saied、）
[35:40] Future of freight in question after trucking company Yellow files for bankruptcy
Yellow, one of the nation’s largest freight and trucking companies, announced it is shutting down, leading to one of the largest mass layoffs in recent history and potential shipping cost increases. The company is in bankruptcy just three years after getting a $700 million loan from taxpayers. Lisa Desjardins discussed the economic impact with Rachel Premack of FreightWaves.
（トラック運送、貨物、Yellow、イエロー社、破産申請、倒産、約３万人の大量解雇、Rachel Premack、FreightWaves、７０００億ドルの公的融資からわずか３年で倒産、貨物運賃値上がり、コロナ救済融資の国家安全保障関連融資枠、融資基準に満たなかった可能性、トランプ政権の不可解な優遇、銀行やヘッジファンドのApollo Globalからも融資、他のトラック運送会社買収後の統合失敗が発端、Teamsters組合と経営の責任の押し付け合い
[36:51] They were the third largest player in the sector of the trucking industry called less-than-truckload [* = Less-than-truckload shipping or less than load (LTL) is the transportation of an amount of freight sized between individual parcels and full truckloads... with LTL, a single trailer can carry several different shippers' shipments and since each shipment is technically "less than a truckload" they would consider that to be LTL. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Less-than-truckload_shipping 「混載トラック輸送」、「小口トラック輸送」。トラックやトレーラー1車に満たない量の貨物を輸送すること。https://recruit.fujilogi.co.jp ] , where retailers and manufacturers combine [01:22] various loads into one single trailer.
[42:55]★今日のおすすめ★ VA Secretary Denis McDonough discusses compensation for veterans affected by burn pits
Last year, President Biden signed the PACT Act which fundamentally changed the way veterans could get disability compensation for their war-related illnesses. More than 801,000 veterans and their survivors have filed claims since the act was signed. Amna Nawaz spoke with Veterans Affairs Secretary Denis McDonough about how the department is carrying out the claims.
（PACT Act、Honoring our PACT Act of 2022、veteran、退役軍人、復員兵、身体傷害補償、Veterans Affairs、Department of Veterans Affairs、Veterans Administration、Denis McDonough、Secretary of Veterans Affairs、constrictive bronchiolitis、狭窄性細気管支炎、Robert Miller、Vanderbilt Medical Center、burn pit）
[44:42] The first half of the law addresses Vietnam vets, but let's set that aside for a second. The other half of the law covers anybody who was in Central Command [* 以前の番組に出てきました ] for the 30 years of war there starting in 1991 and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, going all the way through the summer of 2021, and when the activities in Afghanistan ceased. So that's 30 years of war. We think there's probably four million veterans who qualify, having been in that geography.
[46:19] AMNA NAWAZ: There's a condition called constrictive bronchiolitis [* = 狭窄性細気管支炎] , which basically destroys the small airways. There's no treatment, there's no cure.
[52:17] A Brief But Spectacular take on forgiveness
Ramya Ramana is an award-winning author, poet and lyricist. She was a winner of the Youth Poet Laureate of New York City award. In addition to performing and writing, she has also worked as an educator and mentor for young women and poets. Ramana shares her Brief But Spectacular take on forgiveness.
（Ramya Ramana、Youth Poet Laureate of New York City、poet、poet laureate、詩人、詩、forgiveness、許すこと）