今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.28☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 27, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Israel intensifies bombing and ground operations, sending Gaza into internet blackout
Israeli ground forces are making larger incursions into Gaza and officials are again warning of a wider invasion into the strip. At the same time, Israel's punishing air campaign on Gaza is not letting up, while negotiations over the fates of more than 200 hostages held by Hamas have apparently faltered. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い２１日目; ガザで電話・インターネットつながらず; これが間近と言われてきた地上侵攻の始まりかどうかは不明 Leila Molana-Allen; In Gaza, a telecommunications company said the bombardment has cut off phone and Internet service; The United Nations passed a resolution today calling for a humanitarian truce between Israel and Hamas, raising the political pressure for a cease-fire; about 7:30 this evening, we started getting reports that inside Gaza, there was no longer any phone signals, there was no Internet signal. That, of course, is an indicator that something is about to happen, and then, just after that, reports from the Israeli military that they were extending their ground operations there; it's difficult right now to know whether this is the invasion they have been talking about or simply an extension. They haven't been clear on that. The IDF has confirmed that there are tonight troops and tanks inside Gaza. That's all they will say; A couple possibilities here, firstly, that they are trying out the ground here, one of those shaping operations, to see what happens, and they don't want to say yet whether this is the full invasion. The second one, of course, is the possibility they haven't been in at this scale to Gaza before, and what they want to find out is what's going to happen. So, if they go in, some military experts saying, if they suddenly sustain lots of casualties, it won't be a huge embarrassment if they say this was just another try going in, this isn't the full invasion; 》
[06:51] NICK SCHIFRIN: Well, as Leila said, it's not clear, at least publicly clear, what the Israelis are doing, whether this is the full-scale invasion, the goals of which are to uproot Hamas physically and politically, or if this is just more what the U.S. military calls shaping operations, being incursions ahead of a large invasion.
[** shaping operations = 《軍事》形成作戦。大規模な戦争を開始する前の準備段階として、有利な状況を形成する(shaping)ための作戦行動(operations) 『英辞郎』]
[07:16] And there are U.S. hopes that, if this is the invasion, the Israelis have decided to do it a little bit differently than what we have seen in the past, a little bit more measured, a little bit more slow-rolled,
[** to slow-roll = to intentionally do something more slowly than is necessary (Cambridge Dictionary) ]
[10:50] Lewiston community mourns mass shooting victims as manhunt for gunman continues
Nearly 48 hours after a gunman killed 18 people in Lewiston, Maine, the suspect remains on the run. As the massive manhunt continues, it is keeping communities on edge. Laura Barron-Lopez reports from Lewiston.
《メイン州の銃乱射事件; ４８時間近くたった今も逃走中のロバート・カード容疑者; Robert Card; 》
[14:13] BRYAN CASSIDY: We went every -- every Wednesday night. And we decided to get groceries that night. And it killed me, because, if I was there, I could have helped stop that.
[** to kill = to cause distress; to cause great pain ]
[17:30] But local state representatives, as well as local residents here, tell me that they want to see a red flag law put in place. Currently, Maine has a yellow flag law. Now, the difference there, Geoff, is that a red flag law allows family members, police members to petition a judge to temporarily take away guns from a person that they deem a threat that may have a mental health issue. Now, a yellow flag law requires police to first seek a medical evaluation before they can go to a judge to petition to then temporarily take away a person's guns.
[** red flag law と yellow flag lawの違いを説明している部分 // 今日の番組のあとの方 (37:06～) でDavid Brooks が次のように言っている yellow flag, which is a watered-down red flag law // red flag law = a gun control law permitting police or family members to petition a state court to order the temporary removal of firearms from a person who may present a danger to others or themselves (wiktionary) ]
[18:57] News Wrap
A New York judge ordered Ivanka Trump to testify in her father's civil fraud trial, FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried began testifying and denied he defrauded anyone with his cryptocurrency exchange, Acapulco remains largely cut off in the aftermath of a hurricane and the fatigue of war was felt in Ukraine as hundreds of families demanded a cap on mandatory military service.
《The judge also set November 6 for Mr. Trump to begin giving his own testimony; the new speaker of the U.S. House, Mike Johnson, said last night that the U.S. is -- quote -- "not going to abandon Ukraine." But he said House Republicans want aid for Israel to come first; Republican Representative George Santos pleaded not guilty to new fraud charges in New York.. Prosecutors say he used campaign donors' credit card numbers to make purchases without their approval; President Biden has a new challenger for the Democratic presidential nomination. A three-term Minnesota congressman, Dean Phillips, announced his bid today in New Hampshire; a closely watched inflation gauge shows price hikes are still going strong. The Commerce Department reported today that prices rose four-tenths of a percent in September, the same as in August. That was fueled by consumer spending, which also increased four-tenths of a percent; ディーン・フィリップス 》
[21:20] President Biden has a new challenger for the Democratic presidential nomination. A three-term Minnesota congressman, Dean Phillips, announced his bid today in New Hampshire.
[** 以前放送されたDean Phillipsのインタビュー ]
[23:10] NSC spokesman John Kirby discusses U.S. stance on Israeli military operations, Gaza crisis
As Israel intensifies its bombing of Gaza and expands ground operations, National Security Council spokesman John Kirby joined Geoff Bennett to discuss the U.S. response to attacks on American forces in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war.
《国家安全保障会議のジョン・カービー戦略広報調整官へのインタビュー; John Kirby; イスラエルとハマスの戦争と米国の対応; 》
[29:19]★今日のおすすめ★ Aid worker describes life in Gaza amid constant bombardment
Gaza's humanitarian crisis becomes more dire with every passing moment. With constant bombardment and dwindling supplies, it's a struggle to find fuel, food and even water. Before communication lines went dark Friday, Amna Nawaz spoke with Yousef Hammash, who works for an aid group in Gaza, about life in the besieged strip for him and his family.
《爆撃が続き物資が不足するガザでの生活; ガザで家族と暮らす援助団体Norwegian Refugee Council職員で元ジャーナリストのYousef Hammashに聞く; 》
[33:13]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on gun policy debate after Maine mass shooting and new House speaker
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Amna Nawaz to discuss the week in politics, including this week’s shooting in Maine that has put another spotlight on America’s gun violence epidemic and new House Speaker Mike Johnson.
《金曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る; I'm so fixated on the calendar. While it is weeks between now and November 17, when the deadline is, the House is only supposed to be in session for four legislative days. That is no time to get anything done; Congresswoman Andy Biggs, a Republican from Arizona, said that there are at least five Republicans who would go against the brand-new speaker if he were to come up with a deal that would extend the continuing resolution through January or through April; 》
[33:40] We did see one lawmaker come out with a remarkable reversal. I want to play for anyone who missed this piece of sound from Democratic Republican (sic) Jared Golden, who reversed his position on assault weapons bans right after the shooting.
[** sicは「原文ママ」。 Democratic Congressmanと言おうとしたのではないかと思われる ]
[38:45] And the more information we find out about him and the more information the American people find out about him, the more I think they're going to be uncomfortable, from his pushing for a national abortion ban, to introducing legislation for a federal so-called don't say gay bill, his comments on homosexuality and same-sex marriage. Amna, he said way back that legalizing same-sex marriage was a dark harbinger of chaos that could doom even the strongest republic. I had no idea Nick and I were that powerful. And now here's this man who is now the speaker of the House, two heartbeats away from the presidency, and he has far-right views, far-right views that make former Speaker Kevin McCarthy look like a moderate.
[** don't say gay bill = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[** Nick = Nick Schmitのこと。Jonathan Capehartの同性婚の相手 ]
[39:56] For me, the bad news about Johnson is the wing of the evangelical world he emerges from. And so, for example, one of the people he's praised is a pseudo-historian named David Barton. And Barton has been -- has a powerful bloc in a subculture of the evangelical world that has been arguing, falsely, that our founders never believed in separation of church and state, that Thomas Jefferson was an ardent Christian who wanted to make this a Christian nation.
[** = David Barton (born January 28, 1954) is an evangelical author and political activist for Christian nationalist causes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barton_(author) ]
[45:12] How a young conductor in Kentucky is using music to serve his community
At a time when many classical music and other traditional arts organizations are facing major challenges, a young conductor in Louisville, Kentucky, is expanding the playbook. He's combining music-making with public service and orchestrating community in every corner of the city and state. Jeffrey Brown traveled along for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《音楽で地域社会に奉仕; ケンタッキー州の若き指揮者の実践; Teddy Abrams; Louisville Orchestra; It's our responsibility to find the places where other parts of the population are comfortable, where we can be on their turf, we can be guests in their town or their community center or their school, whatever it might be, and forge that relationship from scratch. But it's this human connection that people are drawn to. The music is a part of that, but it's human to human fundamentally; At 36, he's already nearing his 10th year in the city, having arrived in 2014 at just 27, the youngest leader ever here; "My job is to be a public servant in Louisville"; You literally build community by using the power of this art form to convene people, to make them feel like they're living in that kind of communality; Abrams was mentored by one of today's greats, Michael Tilson Thomas; It's not just about shaking hands with people after a concert. That's not enough. It's the act of living in a place, of getting into the rhythm and flow and listening to people and spending time with them. It also sends a signal to my neighbors here in Louisville that I believe their city is a great city... I'm telling them that I believe in this place; 》