今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.24☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 23, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:43]★今日のおすすめ★ Israeli bombardment of Gaza persists amid calls to address worsening humanitarian disaster
Hamas freed two more hostages, a pair of Israeli women, out of the 220 people believed to be held captive. Meanwhile, Israel's bombardment of Gaza continues and the health ministry there says more than 5,000 Palestinians have been killed. Israel counts some 1,400 war dead. Leila Molana-Allen reports from Jerusalem. A warning: Images in this story are disturbing.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い１7日目; 人質をもう２人解放; a pair of Israeli women; 85-year-old Yocheved Lifshitz and 79-year-old Nurit Cooper; their husbands remain in captivity; Israeli officials say 220 people, with more than 30 nationalities, are believed to be still held captive; Leila Molana-Allen; the U.S. has four main priorities right now, releasing the hostages, getting those military forces in place, delivering humanitarian assistance and freeing American citizens trapped in Gaza; there's a suspicion here on the ground that one of the reasons why Hamas has started to release hostages -- we have seen these two more elderly hostages released today -- is that they want to try and delay a bit to try and recoup their forces in Gaza and get ready; 》
[12:35] On the protection, air defense, a single Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, or THAAD, will go to the region to defend U.S. troops, and multiple Patriot battalions will also do that.
[** Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly Theater High Altitude Area Defense, is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system designed to shoot down short, medium, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase (descent or reentry) by intercepting with a hit-to-kill approach...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[15:17] News Wrap
The United Auto Workers added a new factory to its ongoing strike, Sen. Bob Menendez pleaded not guilty to federal charges he acted as an agent for Egypt, a Russian court ordered journalist Alsu Kurmasheva to stay in custody until early December and the U.S. vowed to defend the Philippines after Chinese ships collided with Filipino vessels in the South China Sea.
《In Argentina, the presidential election will head for a run-off after Economy Minister Sergio Massa made a surprise first-round showing. Supporters cheered the center-left candidate last night after he finished first over Javier Milei. The run-off is scheduled for mid-November; the world's oldest dog ever has died in Portugal. Bobi the guard dog passed away over the weekend. He lived all his life on the same farm and claimed the Guinness Record for longevity when he turned 30. At his death, Bobi was 31. That is 217 in dog years; UAWストライキ; 南シナ海; 世界最高齢犬ボビ死亡; 》
[16:21] The United States is vowing again to defend the Philippines after Chinese ships collided with Filipino vessels in the South China Sea. It happened Sunday off the disputed Second Thomas Shoal, where Beijing has sweeping territorial claims.
[** Second Thomas Shoal, also known as Ayungin Shoal... is an atoll in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea, 105 nautical miles (194 km; 121 mi) west of Palawan, Philippines. Claimed by several nations but located in the exclusive economic zone of the Philippines, the atoll is currently militarily occupied by the Philippines...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Thomas_Shoal ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) セカンド・トーマス礁 ]
[18:50] Who are the 9 Republicans making a run for House speaker?
Nine Republicans are running to serve as House speaker after several failed votes and a weeks-long stalemate over the future of the chamber. The candidates are pitching their plan to unite a divided House Republican Conference in a closed-door forum. Amna Nawaz discussed more with Leigh Ann Caldwell of The Washington Post.
《下院議長選び; Leigh Ann Caldwell, The Washington Post; out of the 9, there's 3 to watch; Majority Whip Tom Emmer, the number three Republican in the House; Kevin Hern, conservative, leading the largest caucus within the Republican Conference; Byron Donalds, a relatively newcomer, but he's conservative, member of the far-right Freedom Caucus; Tom Emmer is only one of two of those nine who did vote to certify the 2020 election results; Donald Trump doesn't like that Emmer voted to certify the election; No Democrat is going to support any of these people in the floor vote. So it has to be done with all Republicans. They can't lose more than four votes; backup option, which failed last week, is just to give the temporary speaker, Representative Patrick McHenry, some more powers for just a limited amount of time. That's something that Democrats would support; 》
[22:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on the Republicans' struggle to choose a House speaker
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter join Amna Nawaz to discuss the latest political news, including the potential political fallout of the House speaker's race and how it could affect U.S. aid for Israel and Ukraine.
《月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う; If you step back from the day-to-day chaos, it's easier to see this as part of a longer trajectory, one in which the so-called establishment has been gradually and effectively undermined for the last 30 years... this began really back in 1994, the first set of sort of disrupters, anti-establishment started by Newt Gingrich, the Gingrich Revolution in 1994. Then we moved to the second group of revolutionaries, I would call them . That was the Tea Party back in 2010, and, then, finally, what we have now with Trump and MAGA; there's something that all of these groups have in common. The first is not just that they disliked the leadership, but what they saw was a Republican leadership that wasn't fighting hard enough against Democrats, that saw compromise as something that was considered more of a sin than an asset. What you also see is, in between each of these periods, the leadership or the establishment seems to think it found a way to either incorporate, accommodate, or fight back or repel those disrupters, those rebels, only to find that a new set of rebels was standing at the gate a few years later; there really is this divide between Republicans who realize that governing requires some bipartisan compromise just because of the sheer math and those that don't care. And it's hard to find a speaker candidate who can bridge that divide; 大統領執務室からの演説: バイデン大統領演説; 》
[25:30] And I see this divide shaping up in the Republican Party that, essentially, what's happening in the House is a reflection of a broader divide in the Republican Party, where there's maybe like 20 percent or 30 percent of Republicans who don't want to burn it all down and who have discomfort with Trump or, in Emmer's case, supported -- or were willing to accept that Joe Biden won the election. And then you have the rest of them who have fully gone all in on sort of the Trump Republican Party.
[** all in = fully committed to something (e.g. a task or endeavor) ]
[26:46] And I want to remind folks about that rare Oval Office address that President Biden gave a few days ago about a funding request he's sending to Congress, more aid for Israel and Ukraine, including other things. Here are some top lines from that request, over $61 billion for Ukraine, $14 billion for Israel, over $9 billion for humanitarian assistance, and over $13.5 billion for the border.
[30:12] Israel-Hamas war leads to heated debate and protests on college campuses
The attack by Hamas on Israeli civilians two weeks ago and the subsequent bombardment of Gaza by Israel has roiled college and university campuses across the country. Jeffrey Brown reports on how protests, backlashes and debates around free speech are reverberating on campus.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦いで揺れる大学キャンパス; 》
[35:12] MARC ROWAN, CEO, Apollo Global Management: This has tapped into a nerve. Whatever people's dissatisfaction with how universities, in particular, the University of Pennsylvania, is being run, this just has made it boiled over.
[** to tap into = to take advantage of (some sentiment) // nerve = A sore point or sensitive subject ]
[35:56] MARC ROWAN: This is not an issue of woke or anti-woke. This is an issue of right or wrong. This is a group, Hamas, that believes that the Jews should be killed. This is a group that is a terrorist group. The inability to actually say that is morally confused and bankrupt.
[** woke = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[36:30] And individual students at Harvard have been targeted through the practice known as doxxing, their personal information posted online, some branded as Harvard's leading antisemites on digital billboards on a roving truck operated by the conservative group Accuracy in Media.
[** to doxx (or dox) = to publicly identify or publish private information about (someone) especially as a form of punishment or revenge (Merriam-Webster) ]
[38:15]★今日のおすすめ★ Are Israel's military tactics abiding by the laws of war?
President Biden and the leaders of half a dozen European countries released a letter endorsing Israel’s right to defend itself but also called for Israel to adhere to international humanitarian law, including the protection of civilians. Nick Schifrin discussed those laws of war and whether they're being followed with Pnina Sharvit Baruch and Sari Bashi.
《イスラエル軍の攻撃は戦時国際法(国際人道法)を順守しているか; Pnina Sharvit Baruch, former legal adviser to the Israel Defense Forces and senior research fellow at the Israel Institute for National Security Studies; Sari Bashi, human rights lawyer and program director at Human Rights Watch; the Israeli response, unfortunately, has been to target civilians in Gaza. One of the first things the Israeli military did was cut off all supplies to Gaza, food, fuel, water, and electricity, which has set into motion a spiraling humanitarian crisis. Punishing civilians in Gaza for the actions of fighters is collective punishment. And it's a war crime under international law; The only thing that the law demands with regard to the civilian population of the enemy -- I'm talking here about supplying -- is that there will be no starvation and to allow the supply of basic humanitarian needs. And Israel is doing that; Israel is not obligated to continue sending in electricity and other items that it argues could be dual use for Hamas; What the Israeli authorities have done is deliberately cut the water and electricity that simply flows into Gaza. They're also blocking fuel from entering the Rafah Crossing, the Southern Egyptian crossing. The fuel is needed to deliver the very small quantities of aid that have come in. The fuel is needed for hospital generators. This is lifesaving equipment. And deliberately impeding that passage is a war crime; We have to understand that all the military infrastructure of the Hamas and the other terrorist organizations is within, is inside civilian buildings and under civilian buildings. And, according to the law, when a civilian object is used for military purposes, it becomes a lawful military target; The other enemies, Hezbollah and the Iran and other proxies, are looking to see. If Israel is weak, they will enter the fight. This could be the end of the state of Israel. Yes, civilians, unfortunately, are harmed, but that doesn't mean this harm is excessive because of this huge military advantage that we have on the other side; My concern is that the Israeli military is dropping explosive weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated areas in ways that are predicted to kill civilians, and they're killing civilians. And since this war began, the Israeli military has killed, on average, every day more than 100 children in Gaza. That is not only what I would call excessive, to use Pnina's words. It also violates a widely accepted new standard, including a standard that the United States has signed onto, about the need to avoid the use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects in populated areas. If you continue to do that, you raise the risk of indiscriminate attacks, which are unlawful; Hamas is using the Palestinian life as a means of warfare, of lawfare, of fighting us in the international arena; 》
[38:15] AMNA NAWAZ: President Biden and the leaders of half-a-dozen European countries released a letter overnight endorsing Israel's right to defend itself, but also -- quote -- "calling for Israel to adhere to international humanitarian law, including the protection of civilians."
[** The rules of war, or international humanitarian law (as it is known formally) are a set of international rules that set out what can and cannot be done during an armed conflict.
https://www.icrc.org/en/document/rules-war-why-they-matter
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_humanitarian_law ]
[39:01] In Gaza, health authorities say more than 5,000 Palestinians are dead, nearly half of the population displaced, and some Gaza City neighborhoods reduced to moonscapes by Israeli airstrikes.
[** moonscape = A desolate or devastated landscape ]
[39:36] PNINA SHARVIT BARUCH, Institute for National Security Studies: I was a legal adviser in the IDF, in the military, and the laws of armed conflict are entrenched in our commands, in the training.
[** laws of armed conflict = International humanitarian law.
see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_humanitarian_law ]
[46:38] It's a means -- they're using the Palestinian life as a means of warfare, of lawfare, of fighting us in the international arena.
[** = Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to damage or delegitimize an opponent, or to deter an individual's usage of their legal rights...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawfare ]
[47:56] New book 'Romney: A Reckoning' explores fraught relationship with his own party
It wasn’t that long ago that Mitt Romney was the Republican presidential nominee. But today, the GOP he once led is dominated by Donald Trump. Romney shared his thoughts about the changes within the party and his own actions over his decades-long political career with journalist McKay Coppins. Lisa Desjardins sat down with Coppins to discuss his new book, "Romney: A Reckoning."
《新刊本『Romney: A Reckoning』の著者McKay Coppinsへのインタビュー; "If I'm being honest with myself, I said that I had a lot of noble intentions in pursuing this, but there was also a part of me that just wanted the job (= secretary of state), wanted the power, wanted to be in the middle of the action"; he was often going back through his career and his life and identifying those moments where he was rationalizing things in his self-interest; those kinds of rationalizations run through a lot of American politics today, and it's what's brought us to this moment that we're in right now; In 2012 when Mitt Romney was running for the Republican presidential nomination, he accepted Donald Trump's endorsement. At the time, Mitt Romney rationalized to himself that Trump was a celebrity... But in the years since, obviously, that moment has looked worse and worse to Romney; how he indulged some of the more toxic elements of his party when he was trying to pursue the presidency. A lot of the story of this book is those extremist forces in the party that people like Mitt Romney thought they could sort of keep at bay and that, over the years, especially recently, kind of took over the party, and they realized that it wasn't possible to just sort of flirt with them and then keep them at arm's length; 》
[53:45] Jerusalem Youth Chorus performs 'Reason to Love'
Some international singers lent their talents to the virtual concert, “Voices of Peace in Times of War." The Jerusalem Youth Chorus, composed of Israeli and Palestinian singers, helped organize this after canceling its long-planned trip to the U.S. The group is intended to foster dialogue and empathy even in the worst of times.
《インターネット・コンサートVoices of Peace in Times of Warで演奏されたJerusalem Youth Chorusの『Reason to Love』; 》