今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.02☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 1, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:14]★今日のおすすめ★ Some civilians trapped in Gaza allowed to cross into Egypt as Israeli airstrikes continue
The first group of around 1,000 civilians, including Americans, left Gaza after weeks of Israeli bombardment following the Hamas attacks. The deal struck among several nations also allows people badly wounded to be taken for treatment in Egypt. Leila Molana-Allen reports and speaks with a former Israeli spy chief about the Netanyahu government missing signals that Hamas was preparing to attack.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い２６日目; 現地リポート; ●Efraim Halevyへのインタビュー; Halevy ran the Mossad, Israel's foreign intelligence service, during the second Palestinian uprising in the early 2000s; 諜報失敗、ハマスの変化、周辺地域への戦争拡大の可能性; "mow the lawn"; I do believe that there are many people in his (= Netanyahu's) own party who have reached a conclusion that it's very dangerous to allow him to continue for any long period of time. He is living in a world which is not real. It's not reality; What I am very, very concerned about is that, in the end, we don't have a viable solution for Gaza; I do not think that Iran today is interested in having a major confrontation at all, because Iran wants to take what it gained with the relationship with Saudi Arabia, and it wants to capitalize on it, and it wants to solidify this. And, probably, they know that Saudi Arabia, for reasons of its own, would not be interested in a big flare-up in the north; 》
[15:31] News Wrap
Donald Trump Jr. testified in the civil fraud case against the family's real estate business, prosecutors in New York accused Sam Bankman-Fried of building a "pyramid of deceit" at FTX, the Federal Reserve is leaving a key short-term interest rate unchanged and six mayors are pressing President Biden for federal help to handle thousands of migrants.
《The U.S. Supreme Court has heard another case involving former President Trump. In arguments today, a California man said he wants to trademark the phrase -- quote -- "Trump too small" and put it on T-shirts. He said it's about free speech. Federal officials said that can't happen without Mr. Trump's consent. The court will decide by next summer; the mayors of Denver, Chicago, El Paso, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York complain of -- quote -- "little to no coordination, support or resources"; Republican Congressman Ken Buck announced today he won't seek a sixth term, and he complained the party has abandoned its mission. The Colorado conservatives said too many Republican leaders are still lying about the 2020 election results and the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol; Buck opposed opening an impeachment inquiry into President Biden, and he voted to oust Kevin McCarthy as House speaker; Texas Republican Kay Granger said she will retire after next year after nearly 30 years in Congress; The nation's infant mortality rate has hit its highest level in two decades. The CDC reports the rate climbed 3 percent in 2022 after falling for years. Deaths rose sharply among white and Native American infants, newborn boys and babies born at 37 weeks or earlier. The cause is unclear, but RSV and flu infections could be factors. Overall, death rates among Black and Native American infants remain the highest; Toyota will raise wages and benefits for its non-union factory workers in the U.S.; 乳児死亡率》
[15:53] The U.S. Supreme Court has heard another case involving former President Trump. In arguments today, a California man said he wants to trademark the phrase -- quote -- "Trump too small" and put it on T-shirts. He said it's about free speech. Federal officials said that can't happen without Mr. Trump's consent. The court will decide by next summer.
[** どんなTシャツか、画像を見た方が分かりやすい。また、手の大きさと何が比例すると言っているのか理解すると、面白さが分かる。
see: https://trumptoosmall.com/
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidal_v._Elster ]
[20:22] Afghans seeking refuge in Pakistan ordered to leave or face forced deportation
Following the 2021 U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and subsequent Taliban takeover, hundreds of thousands of Afghans sought safe haven in Pakistan. Many spent years working with the U.S. and Afghan government and fled a Taliban crackdown. But as Nick Schifrin reports, they are on the run again after Pakistan began implementing its threat to deport more than a million undocumented Afghan refugees.
《パキスタンがアフガン難民を国外退去に; Zohra Akhtari and Benazir Akhtari, Afghan refugees in Pakistan; Mudassar Javed, CEO of SHARP, a Pakistani human rights organization; Why do you believe Pakistan is pushing these undocumented Afghans out? -- After almost 10 years, Pakistan has the highest number of terrorist attacks in this year, 2023; Pakistan's security fears have nothing to do with the Afghans who fought and then fled the Taliban and now have no refuge; 》
[24:38] Former Rep. Kinzinger reflects on GOP and future of democracy in 'Renegade'
Former Rep. Adam Kinzinger of Illinois was first elected to Congress in 2010. In the 12 years he served in the House, he had a front-row seat to the changes within the Republican Party. His evolution, as well as the GOP's, is the focus of his new book. Kinzinger joined Geoff Bennett to discuss "Renegade: Defending Democracy and Liberty in Our Divided Country."
《アダム・キンジンガー前下院議員(イリノイ州選出、共和党)の新刊本『Renegade: Defending Democracy and Liberty in Our Divided Country』; 著者へのインタビュー; now one of the most prominent Republican critics of Donald Trump and Trumpism; there have been times when the Republican Party, in its kind of early phases of this, like, nationalism or populism, played with fire and let that fire get out of control. And I was more than happy to take the benefits of it sometimes, which is good fund-raising numbers, and keep my head down when I think it was getting out of control; there was a bit of political calculation in being the first to come out so forcefully against Donald Trump. And you write: "In the beginning, I thought there's no way this is going to last, no way it's just going to be just me." And yet this, for you, has been a lonely fight; it's truly people, I think, fear -- more than they fear death, they fear being kicked out of a tribe, and they fear losing an identity; that tribal alliance, so that affiliation, carries now not just into your political job, but the friends you have, the church you go to and everything else; Kinzinger would vote for Joe Biden in 2024 if Donald Trump is the Republican nominee; This country has two political parties. One is very sick right now. We can have -- one healthy party can keep democracy going for a little bit, but you ultimately have to get back to two; I voted Democratic last election cycle, and I consider there to be one issue on the ballot in 2024, is, do you believe in democracy or not?; Is there a path back to moderation for the GOP? -- There is a path. That path is either going to be through a bunch of lost elections, or it's going to be through an awakening of some sort. But I don't necessarily see how an awakening would happen; I didn't want to do it (= to serve on the January 6 Committee), because I knew it would be life-changing. I knew that it would put my family at risk. It would put my life at risk... But I knew I couldn't say no, because I have a young son. He's 2 years old now... if I didn't do the right thing when it's hard, I would have no moral authority to tell him that; I wake up one morning and I found out on a Sunday show that Nancy Pelosi had announced me as a new member of the committee, and then proceeded to call me and ask me. So I didn't have much of a choice; 》
[28:39] GEOFF BENNETT: Well, at the moment, Donald Trump is polling higher than all of his rivals combined, even with the impeachments and indictments, and the House, after a protracted and bitter battle, elevated an ultra-conservative, Trump-aligned member to serve as House speaker.
[** 先日下院議長の選出されたMike Johnsonのこと]
[31:47]★今日のおすすめ★ Caribbean nations demand reparations from King Charles for royal connection to slave trade
During a visit to Kenya, Britain’s King Charles stopped short of apologizing for his nation’s repression of independence fighters 70 years ago. But the monarch is under pressure because of Britain’s imperial past. Caribbean nations are calling on Charles to dig into his $2 billion personal fortune and pay for the royal family’s slave trading past. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports.
《チャールズ国王に求められる大英帝国の過去の清算; 奴隷貿易から利益を得ていた; Malcolm Brabant, special correspondent; Robert Beckford, professor of the University of Winchester; The British royal family are deeply entangled in the transatlantic chattel slave trade; A document recently emerged showing that, in 1689, King William III accepted shares worth $300,000 in today's values in the slave-trading Royal African Company. The donor was Edward Colston, the company's deputy governor, who made a fortune from trafficking 80,000 Africans to the Americans; Faced with growing proof of the crown's ties to slavery, King Charles has promised to support researchers by opening up the royal family's archives; This provides them (= British royal family) with a redemptive moment... to acknowledge that much of their wealth is linked to the trafficking, enslavement and genocide of African people, and the opportunity to apologize for that and to pay reparation; One year after his accession, King Charles is under increasing pressure to apologize and pay reparations to Caribbean islands, which generated huge wealth from slave plan; Arley Gill heads the authority seeking reparations to the island of Grenada; According to the United Kingdom's National Archives, British ships transported roughly three million slaves across the Atlantic Ocean before the trade was outlawed in the early 19th century; Britain's slave debt amounts to $23 trillion; Caribbean islands are going after British institutions with slavery connections because the U.K. government is refusing to engage; In Nairobi last night, he expressed remorse for Britain's brutality towards Kenyans during an insurgency in the 1950s... But the king stopped short of issuing an apology; Retired Dr. Tom Trevelyan is a descendant of merchants who owned more than 1,000 slaves in Grenada... Earlier this year Trevelyan and other members of his family went to Grenada to apologize in person; Everybody in this country who's lived here has in one way or another benefited from the prosperity that the slave trade brought to this country, which enabled everything to be built on; Most Jamaicans are descended from one million slaves who made fortunes for British plantations owners. Their island, the second poorest nation in the Americas, is demanding compensation from Britain and is on track to become a republic by dumping King Charles as head of state; You only have to look at the murder rates of societies in the Caribbean. It's a thing which was done to us which has been passed on from generation to generation. We are literally killing ourselves, and that is because of this constant lack of resources, lack of opportunity; I think that, as a community, we don't realize that what happened during the period of enslavement was our Holocaust; Do you think that he personally should dig into his personal fortune and pay reparations? -- ROBERT BECKFORD: That's the only way, as an economic entity, is to dig into your own profits from this genocide and make recompense. And I'd expect King Charles to do just that; イギリスの奴隷貿易; 奴隷労働; 英国王室; 過去の汚点》
[39:00] NICK DAVIS, One One Cacao: It's one of these terms which you see bandied around a lot, you know, I think it's called generational trauma.
[** to bandy around = To talk about something in a loose, frivolous, or gossipy manner ]
[40:44]★今日のおすすめ★ Disability Reframed: Former NYC deputy mayor raises millions for ALS research while facing his own mortality
Some 30,000 Americans have been diagnosed with ALS, the rare neurodegenerative condition also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. As researchers work for a cure, one patient is raising millions for the cause while he reckons with his own mortality. Judy Woodruff has the story for our series, Disability Reframed.
《筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS); 治療法の研究開発のために多額の資金集めをする一人の患者 ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease; Dan Doctoroff, former deputy mayor of New York City; ダニエル・ドクトロフ; In 2021, Doctoroff was diagnosed with ALS; ALS erodes nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, weakening muscles, until a person can only blink his eyes. There is no cure, with a typical life expectancy between two and five years; Target ALS, a nonprofit raising money for ALS research; Doctoroff founded the organization in 2013, long before his own diagnosis, but after his father and then his uncle both died of ALS; One in 400 people are going to get the disease if we don't find treatments; Two years ago, he set a fund-raising goal of $250 million, which at the time of our interview was more than 90 percent complete; Dr. Jeffrey Rothstein, Johns Hopkins University; An enormous amount of progress in understanding the disease has occurred. We know different inherited forms of the disease. We know the genes that cause many of the inherited forms. We know a lot about how those gene defects actually lead to injury to the nervous system, the more common sporadic form, which is about 90 percent of ALS; That, however, has not been converted into very effective drugs. So, lots of science known, but converting science into drugs is a far greater challenge; Doctoroff provided unique funding to bring pharma and academics together in collaborative units; Lora Clawson, director of ALS clinical services at Johns Hopkins; 80-year-old Fred Carlson was diagnosed with ALS in 2008, but has defied the odds; They say that normal progression or life span is two to five years after diagnosis, but that's not true. I have been on this journey for 14 years. ALS is different for everybody; 》
[50:31] A Brief But Spectacular take on humor and humiliation in poetry
Megan Fernandes is a writer and assistant professor at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania, where she teaches courses on poetry and environmental writing. She shares her Brief But Spectacular take on humor and humiliation in poetry.
《詩の中のユーモアと屈辱感; ”At the grocery store, I ask where they sell dignity. And when the clerk says, sorry, what'd you say, I explain that I'm looking for dignity, having lost so much in the last year. I was wondering if it was neatly placed by the baking powder or perhaps refrigerated with the perishables, given its fragile shelf life. And, yes, I really did ask this partly because I was being funny and trying to make a friend, but also I would have taken a hug or any acknowledgement that I'm a person who can laugh at myself, despite walking with that odd angle of defeat”; the thing about humiliation is that it's really easy to dwell and get indulgent in that space, because doom is very romantic. So it's always a good idea to bring humor in early on and sort of check yourself; there's a sense of, like, social banishment when we feel humiliated. Humor is, like, deeply humanizing in those moments; 》
[53:26] When they go low, we go high, a president's wife said.
[** Michelle Obamaのこの言葉 --> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu_hCThhzWU ]
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
[53:53] Also online right now, we explore the traditions behind Dia de Los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, the Mexican holiday celebrated on November 1 and 2 that honors loved ones who have died.
[** It is widely observed in Mexico, where it largely developed, and is also observed in other places, especially by people of Mexican heritage. Although related to the simultaneous Christian remembrances for Hallowtide, it has a much less solemn tone and is portrayed as a holiday of joyful celebration rather than mourning...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) 死者の日 ]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
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■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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