今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.08☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
＜＜ 再生ソフトのページを更新しました！ ＞＞
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 7, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:35]★今日のおすすめ★ After brutal month, no end to Israel-Hamas war yet in sight
As Israel on Tuesday held vigils to remember victims of the Hamas attacks and the hostages still held one month on, tens of thousands of terrified civilians streamed toward Southern Gaza amid ongoing Israeli bombardment. For many others, leaving isn't an option. Special correspondent Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い３２日目; １０月７日のハマスによるテロ攻撃からちょうど１ヵ月; 現地リポート; BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: I think Israel will -- for an indefinite period will have the overall security responsibility, because we have seen what happens when we don't have it; 》
[06:42] Israel has ‘no desire to govern’ Gaza but will create buffer zone, Netanyahu adviser says
The Biden administration has been pressing Israel to limit Palestinian casualties and have a plan for Gaza’s future. President Biden confirmed Tuesday night that he had asked Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu for a pause in fighting in order to release hostages. Mark Regev, special advisor to Netanyahu, tells Nick Schifrin that they’re “open” to pauses and don’t want to rule over Gaza.
《ネタニヤフ首相の特別顧問で元駐英イスラエル大使のMark Regevへのインタビュー; "indefinite security control" over Gaza -- we're not talking about any sort of long-term Israeli occupation. We have no desire to rule over the people of Gaza. And we have no desire to govern the Gaza Strip; we're a month after the horrific attacks of October 7, and the P.A. has yet to condemn those attacks... You have seen, we have all seen the atrocities committed by Hamas. If they can't condemn that, what sort of partner in peace are they?; 緩衝地帯》
[11:36] So, I think, at least at the beginning, following this operation, to prevent resurgent terrorist groups, we will need an Israeli polit -- security presence. That doesn't necessarily have to be static. That could be fluid. That could be going in and out, as is needed be, to deal with possible threats. NICK SCHIFRIN: You just...
MARK REGEV: Ultimately, we want the people of Gaza to govern themselves.
NICK SCHIFRIN: Sorry to interrupt, Mark. You just slipped and almost said political presence. Just to confirm, you are not talking about any kind of governance offering Gaza. You are only talking about a security presence.
[** to slip = To accidentally reveal a secret or otherwise say something unintentionally. 舌を滑らせる。口を滑らせる // 類似表現: Freudian slip ]
[17:45] Lives shattered by Oct. 7 attack, some survivors return to Kibbutz Be’eri
A month after Hamas wrought some of its worst destruction at Kibbutz Be’eri, what was once a peaceful agricultural commune is now a makeshift military base. Special correspondent Leila Molana-Allen visits the community where Hamas terrorists kidnapped dozens of Israelis and slaughtered more than a hundred others and talks to survivors who have returned.
《１０月７日のハマスの攻撃で壊滅的被害を受けたキブツBe’eri; あの日に起きたこと、そして１ヵ月後の今をリポート; 》
[23:47] News Wrap
Voters in Kentucky and Mississippi are weighing in on governors’ races in their states, while Ohioans are deciding an abortion-rights amendment to the state constitution. Also, the special prosecutor investigating Hunter Biden denied any political interference in his probe in an appearance before the House Judiciary Committee.
《In Germany, Chancellor Olaf Scholz and 16 state governors reached an agreement today on curbing a surge of migrants into that country; Bangladesh will raise its minimum wage for garment workers by 56 percent to $113 a month. The country is the second largest garment producer in the world. Today's decision followed weeks of protests and clashes with police that killed two workers and wounded dozens; The office-sharing company WeWork has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection; 》
[26:38]★今日のおすすめ★ In domestic violence gun ban case, Supreme Court considers dangers and due process
The Supreme Court heard a case on Tuesday about whether people with domestic violence court orders should be barred from owning guns. Supreme Court analyst Marcia Coyle joins Geoff Bennett to discuss the arguments.
《連邦最高裁審理; DV加害で裁判所から接近禁止命令を出されている人の銃所有は禁止すべきか; 》
[26:38] GEOFF BENNETT: The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments today in a major case looking at whether people with domestic violence court orders should be barred by a federal law from owning guns. The case, U.S. v. Rahimi, is the first involving gun rights to come before the nation's highest court since a ruling it issued last year loosening gun restrictions.
[** 以前の番組でも取り上げています ]
[27:17] MARCIA COYLE: OK, as you recall, Geoff, in 2022, the court not only -- the conservative majority not only OKed open carry, but did announce this new test. And the test says that, in order to be constitutional, gun regulations have to be consistent with the historical tradition of gun regulation.
[** open carry = The practice of openly carrying a firearm in public ]
[** consistent with the historical tradition of gun regulation < New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen = New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. ___ (2022), abbreviated NYSRPA v. Bruen and also known as NYSRPA II or Bruen to distinguish it from the 2020 case, is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court related to the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case concerned the constitutionality of the 1911 Sullivan Act, a New York State law requiring applicants for a pistol concealed carry license to show "proper cause", or a special need distinguishable from that of the general public, in their application. In a 6–3 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that New York's law was unconstitutional and that the ability to carry a pistol in public was a constitutional right guaranteed by the Second Amendment... In the wake of Bruen, several lawsuits involving federal and states' gun regulations have been filed, their plaintiffs arguing that the judiciary should evaluate the regulation not in consideration of the public good, but in light of the "historical tradition of firearm regulation", a phrase penned by majority opinion author Justice Clarence Thomas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Rifle_%26_Pistol_Association,_Inc._v._Bruen ]
[28:49] So I think, in general, my sense here is, after the arguments and the justices' comments, is that they will uphold the federal law, the federal ban here. But -- and there will be a focus on dangerousness, the government being able to prove that the individual is dangerous. But you're not going to see a rewriting of the new test. They seem to -- the six conservatives still seem quite beholden to it.
[** beholden = obligated. この文脈では、守るように制約される。踏襲するように縛られる ]
[31:20] Those sort of comments were going to the due process issue, fairness and notice. And, really, that's not at issue in this particular case, although Rahimi's lawyer said it's important to keep that in mind, because his argument is, well, one, there's nothing in history and tradition like this federal ban. And, two, he said what Congress did here is it bootstrapped a one-sided process, the protective orders, onto a complete denial of a constitutional right.
[** この部分を少し意訳すると…「連邦議会がしたことは、一方的なプロセス（つまり保護命令）を自ら作って押し付けて、憲法に規定された権利を完全に否定したということだ」]
[32:51] Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on why he thinks he has a chance as an independent candidate
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., one of the independent candidates seeking to challenge the major party frontrunners in the 2024 election, says he thinks Americans are tired of polarization and feeling like nobody is hearing them. A longtime environmental lawyer and the son of a Democratic icon, Kennedy sits down with Amna Nawaz to discuss his campaign.
《無所属の大統領選候補ロバート・F・ケネディ・ジュニアへのインタビュー; A recent national poll shows, in a three-way matchup with Biden and Trump, Kennedy has support from 22 percent of registered voters -- Biden 39%, Trump 36%; ; Four of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s siblings issued a statement denouncing his candidacy, saying it's dangerous for the country. They wrote in a statement: "Bobby might share the same name as our father. He doesn't share the same values, vision or judgment." His family are icons of the Democratic Party; RFK Jr.'s controversial views on vaccines and being part of the anti-vaccine movement; 》
[34:19] AMNA NAWAZ: How do you translate that polling support, which is, to be clear, a year out, right -- a lot can happen in the next year. How do you translate that into electoral support, though? I mean, because independent campaigns, especially ones as large as yours, they have faced legal challenges in the past, external pressure. You look at Ralph Nader in 2004. What's your path to 270?
[** Ralph Nader (... born February 27, 1934) is an American perennial presidential candidate, political activist, author, lecturer, and attorney noted for his involvement in consumer protection, environmentalism, and government reform causes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Nader ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) //
2000年の大統領選挙でラルフ・ネーダーはGreen Partyの候補として出馬した(2004年の大統領選では無所属で出馬)。2000年の大統領選挙は歴史的僅差で勝敗が決まったが、ネーダーの出馬がゴアから票を奪い、ゴアの敗北につながったと考えられる。その時のネーダーと同じように、2024年大統領選でロバート・F・ケネディ・ジュニアがバイデンから票を奪い、バイデンの敗北につながることが考えられる ]
[* 270 = 大統領選で勝利するのに必要な大統領選挙人の数 ]
[35:26] ROBERT F. KENNEDY JR.: Nationally, nobody has ever been in -- that I know of in our history has ever been, except for George Washington, who was the last independent president, has ever been this high in the polls this far out, and among -- particularly among key constituencies, young people and independents. So I don't know what will happen. And I'm not a good spin person, but I feel pretty good about where I am today. I think I'd rather be in my position than I would in President Trump's position or President Biden.
[** < to spin = to present, describe, or interpret, or to introduce a bias or slant, so as to give something a favorable or advantageous appearance; なんらかの思惑があって、事実を都合よく解釈したり、歪曲したり、論点をすり替えたりして、もっともらしいことを言う。あるいは、その言葉 ]
[42:26]★今日のおすすめ★ How Trump sees a 2nd term as a chance to promote loyalists and punish critics
With the presidential election just under a year away, former President Donald Trump is already preparing for what he’d do if he returns to the White House. Devlin Barrett of The Washington Post joins Geoff Bennett to discuss his reporting on how Trump and his allies are drafting plans to potentially deploy the military against domestic protesters and use the Department of Justice to investigate and punish his critics.
《勝利した場合の政権構想、トランプがすでに準備中; そう報じたワシントンポスト紙のDevlin Barrett記者に聞く; 立案しているProject 2025とは; consolidate control and authority and power of the entire federal government within the White House; reducing the independence of Cabinet secretaries and increasing the ability of people around Trump in his inner circle to control those agencies; Trump wants to punish via the Justice Department, they're his own former aides. They're people like Bill Barr, his former attorney general, Ty Cobb, his former White House lawyer, John Kelly, his former chief of staff; invoking the Insurrection Act to put down protests on Inauguration Day if he's elected; 》
[43:21] And a lot of what they're planning, a lot of what they're talking about is ways to consolidate control and authority and power of the entire federal government within the White House, so, essentially, reducing the independence of Cabinet secretaries and increasing the ability of people around Trump in his inner circle to control those agencies.
[** = このような政治手法をautocratic capture という。以前の番組に詳しい説明があります ]
[46:10] But so much of those conversations are about, how do you get people to do everything, or as close to everything as you can, that the president wants them to do.
GEOFF BENNETT: To include invoking the Insurrection Act to put down protests on Inauguration Day if he's elected.
[** = The Insurrection Act of 1807 is a United States federal law that empowers the president of the United States to deploy U.S. military and federalized National Guard troops within the United States in particular circumstances, such as to suppress civil disorder, insurrection, or rebellion... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection_Act_of_1807 ]
[48:28]★今日のおすすめ★ How this Kentucky college offers education without financial burden
There are no fancy dorms or stadiums at Berea College. There, each student receives free tuition and works throughout their four years, receiving a small salary that goes toward room and board. As part of our Rethinking College series, special correspondent Hari Sreenivasan reports from Kentucky on how a college can operate without passing the cost on to students or families.
《大学のあり方を考え直す; 学費を無料にするプログラム; その仕組みとは; キャンパスで働きながら学ぶ; プログラムの起源と変遷; 入学希望者の家族の所得を考慮; Berea College's labor program, something every student must participate in; The crafts are sold in local stores and online. Each student works throughout their four years at the college; Students receive a small salary, which typically goes toward room and board; free laptops for every incoming student and medical and dental care on campus, after a small initial fee and, most importantly, free tuition; Berea, just because of a very innovative founding vision, we have been working on this model for over 165 years and have come up with pieces that come together that allow us to say we can take students that can't afford college and we can fund it for them; An abolitionist minister founded it (= Berea College) in 1855 to give all people in the Appalachian area opportunities, to educate male and female students, black and white, all together; in 1904, the school's integration was outlawed; We fought that battle all the way to the Supreme Court, and we lost. We had to remain segregated; when Brown v. Board of Education was won, we were able to reintegrate and then become what we are today, which is an integrated institution; Our no tuition promise became our promise that you will have a four-year job on campus, receive an income that will then -- you can then use that to help defray your costs, so our students can graduate debt-free; we turn students away every year because their family's financial picture is greater than what we would consider eligible to attend Berea; most of our students, on average, will have around a 3.5 high school GPA; A critical component of Berea's model is giving back to the area; the school can be an example for others around the country; 大学授業料》
[51:03] HARI SREENIVASAN: But, in 1904, the school's integration was outlawed.
CHERYL NIXON: We fought that battle all the way to the Supreme Court, and we lost. We had to remain segregated. Fortunately, when we -- when Brown v. Board of Education was won, we were able to reintegrate
[** = Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]