今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.05☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Dec. 4, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・上の字幕ファイルがメインです。以下はサンプル程度
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[02:42]★今日のおすすめ★ Israel expands Gaza invasion south, forcing many to flee areas previously considered safe
イスラエルとハマスの戦い５９日目／イスラエルのガザ攻撃、南へ拡大
The focus of Israel's invasion and air campaign in Gaza is shifting south, where roughly two million Gazans have fled with few safe places left for them to go. Aid deliveries are continuing but in lower numbers since last week's truce ended, providing little relief to the civilians trapped there. Amna Nawaz reports.
《The death toll in Gaza is nearing 16,000, mostly women and children. That's according to the Hamas-run Health Ministry. Since Israel's ground operations began, 81 of its troops have died in Gaza; This weekend, the IDF released a live map accessible via a smartphone that divides Gaza into small sections, telling civilians which areas are current targets. But with limited Internet, many Gazans can't even access the map; The truce saw the exchange of 105 Israelis and foreigners held hostage in Gaza for 240 Palestinians held in Israeli prisons; State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller today gave one reason they may remain captive, the possibility of sexual violence; The U.S. military said that three commercial ships in the Southern Red Sea were struck by ballistic missiles fired from Yemen on Sunday. Iran-backed Houthi rebels claimed responsibility; 》
[06:41] LLOYD AUSTIN, U.S. Secretary of Defense: You see, in this kind of a fight, the center of gravity is the civilian population. And if you drive them into the arms of the enemy, you replace a tactical victory with a strategic defeat.
[** center of gravity = The most central or important part of something, which its other parts are considered in relation to (wiktionary)]
[07:42] Thai workers held hostage by Hamas describe kidnappings and recovery after release
ハマスの人質になっていた外国人労働者
Before the war in Gaza resumed, the main focus of negotiations had been the release of hostages held by Hamas and Palestinians held by Israel. But of the 240 hostages, dozens were migrant workers from Thailand, the Philippines, Tanzania and Nepal. Nick Schifrin has some of their stories.
《In total, 32 Thai workers were kidnapped. So far, 23 of them have been released in a separate hostage deal between Thailand and Hamas mediated by Qatar, Iran and other nations; On October the 7th, Palestinian militants killed at least 39 Thai workers; 》
[08:40] Natthawaree and Boonthom Phankhong had lived in Israel for four years, two of 30,000 Thais working Israeli agriculture, when, on October 7, Hamas and other militants rampaged through communities across Southern Israel, including theirs.
[** to work (他動詞) = to perform a job in; to carry on an operation or perform a job through, at, in, or along (Merriam-Webster) ]
[09:33] NICK SCHIFRIN: Kriengsak Phansuree is also grateful to be home with his children and wife, Amornthip Pathumrath. And he's grateful to be able to do the school run, knowing how close he was to not coming home.
[** school run = a regular trip in which parents take their children to or from school each day ]
[11:56] NICK SCHIFRIN: Workers like him have long been Israel's agricultural backbone, but long before the October 7 attack, they were vulnerable and often invisible.
[** invisible < social invisibility = Social invisibility refers to a group of people in the society who have been separated or systematically ignored by the majority of the public. As a result, those who are marginalized feel neglected or being invisible in the society.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_invisibility ]
[14:09] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Divers recovered the remains of five crew members from the wreckage of a U.S. Air Force Osprey crash off southwestern Japan, a former American diplomat has been charged with spying for Cuba, North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum ended his bid for the Republican presidential nomination and flooding and landslides in Tanzania killed more than 60 and injured 116 more.
《Manuel Rocha's two-decade career in the Foreign Service included serving as U.S. ambassador to Bolivia. But newly unsealed court papers alleged he also was a mole for Cuban intelligence since at least 1981; In Indonesia, 11 people are confirmed dead a day after one of the most active volcanoes in that country erupted; ダグ・バーガム大統領選撤退; マニュエル・ロチャ; キューバ工作員; キューバのスパイ; インドネシア火山噴火; 》
[14:05] [** 日本関連のニュース(オスプレイ墜落事故の５人の遺体回収)] In the day's other headlines: Divers have recovered the remains of five crew members from the wreckage of a U.S. Air Force Osprey crash. The aircraft went down last Wednesday off Southwestern Japan, carrying eight Americans on a training mission. One body had already been recovered. Rescue teams are searching the crash site for two others still missing.
[17:52] Supreme Court hears case that could shield Purdue Pharma owners from opioid lawsuits
連邦最高裁審理：オピオイド製造のパーデュー・ファーマの破産を巡る合意／オーナーのサックラー家に民事免責を認めるべきか
The Supreme Court heard arguments in one of the most important corporate bankruptcy cases in decades. The court is weighing whether to approve Purdue Pharma's controversial bankruptcy deal that would give billions to victims of the opioid epidemic while protecting the Sackler family from opioid-related civil lawsuits. Geoff Bennett discussed the case with Supreme Court analyst Marcia Coyle.
《the real issue before the court is whether the bankruptcy court here had the authority somewhere in the code or elsewhere to approve a settlement that does give immunity basically to the Sackler family, as you said, from all civil opioid-related claims, even though the Sackler family was not part of this bankruptcy. They themselves did not apply for bankruptcy; 》
[19:14] If they find that there was no authority, does that -- is it possible that there's a better deal to be negotiated, as the United States trustees suggested, or will there be a race to the courthouse by individual claimants, where one claimant with a huge claim could zap all the assets of the corporation should that claimant win and nothing will be left for anyone else?
[** to zap = to deplete ]
[21:18] In fact, corporations have been looking to bankruptcy when they face mass injury claims since the 1980s.
[** mass injury claim civil litigation = mass tort litigation = A class of civil actions in which multiple plaintiffs are injured in a similar fashion by a defective product, hazardous substance, or disaster (thefreedictionary)]
[24:05] Rising cancer rates among young women highlight blind spots in medical systems
若い女性のがん急増、その理由と盲点
New research is confirming something that doctors have already been noticing, an increase in cancer diagnoses among young women. Ali Rogin explores the reasons behind the increase and the blind spots medical systems have when treating young women.
《Too often, people are not taken seriously when they're young, or doctors who don't see breast cancer in young women don't think it's breast cancer. It doesn't come to their mind. So people are given antibiotics and told to go home; mortality rates in young women remained stagnant. To Dr. Goldfarb, this demonstrates a major blind spot in the development of cancer drugs. Younger women are often left out of the clinical trials that could save them; The fastest growing cancer cases among young people are related to the gastrointestinal system; the majority of these patients don't have a family history, don't have a known genetic mutation. Right now, we just don't have one answer; 》
[25:03] ALI ROGIN: McDuffie, now 32, has no family history of cancer and was diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive form of the disease more common in Black women.
[** Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10-15% of all breast cancers. The term triple-negative breast cancer refers to the fact that the cancer cells don’t have estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER or PR) and also don’t make any or too much of the protein called HER2. (The cells test "negative" on all 3 tests.) These cancers tend to be more common in women younger than age 40, who are Black, or who have a BRCA1 mutation. TNBC differs from other types of invasive breast cancer in that it tends to grow and spread faster, has fewer treatment options, and tends to have a worse prognosis...
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/types-of-breast-cancer/triple-negative.html ]
[25:13] CHARISMA MCDUFFIE: I try to be positive. Even when I'm not so positive, I try to project that.
[** to project = To present (oneself), to convey a certain impression, usually in a good way (wiktionary) ]
[31:27] How Republican hopefuls are campaigning in Iowa with 6 weeks until caucuses
共和党アイオワ党員集会まで６週間、各候補の週末の動き
With just six weeks until the first-in-the-nation Iowa caucuses, several Republican hopefuls made stops in the Hawkeye State this weekend. Lisa Desjardins reports.
《they will meet up for their fourth debate Wednesday night in Alabama; 》
[34:10]★今日のおすすめ★ Politics Monday: Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on the next GOP debate and how Trump is avoiding attacks
月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter join Amna Nawaz to discuss the latest political news, including how Trump is avoiding attacks from other Republican candidates by skipping the debates and President Biden's battle for funding for Ukraine.
[36:56] Why would he appear at a debate with a bunch of people who are not even, like, close to nipping at his heels...
AMNA NAWAZ: Yes.
TAMARA KEITH: ... and where he could be forced to actually say what his position is on abortion or how he would replace Obamacare
[** to nip at someone's heels = 以前の番組にも出てきました ]
[37:35] TAMARA KEITH: Well, so President Biden at the core of his campaign is this charge that Trump is a threat to democracy. And it's not an academic charge. In the president's campaign launch video, reelection video, there is footage of the January 6 insurrection, where the former president's refusal to admit the results of a free and fair election led to, and his words, led to lots of people storming the U.S. Capitol, waving Trump flags, and bludgeoning police with flagpoles.
[** academic = Having little practical use or value, as by being overly theoretical ]
[39:00] AMY WALTER: Yes, I mean, clearly, he's trying to neutralize liability here.
[** liability = a hindrance or disadvantage ]
[40:09] TAMARA KEITH: He has this longstanding pattern of, I know you are, but what am I?
AMY WALTER: Right.
TAMARA KEITH: And he did that during the Republican primary in 2016. He does it all the time.
[** 次のように使われる。
A: You are stupid.
B: I know you are, but what am I? = "You are the one who is actually stupid, while I am not stupid."
It is considered a childish reply.
https://ja.hinative.com/questions/205865 ]
[43:19]★今日のおすすめ★ Texas goes green: How oil country became the renewable energy leader
グリーンエネルギーの意外なリーダー、テキサス
One of the big announcements at the UN climate conference this weekend in Dubai was a pledge by more than 110 countries to triple the amount of renewable energy they are generating by 2030. That work is already underway in a rather unlikely place. William Brangham reports in collaboration with the Global Health Reporting Center and with support from the Pulitzer Center.
《Michael Webber, University of Texas, studying energy transition; MICHAEL WEBBER: It's not unusual for Texas to do all the right things for all the wrong reasons, and the rise of renewables is one of those examples.... We didn't do it for the cleanliness. We didn't do it for climate change. We did it because it makes us a lot of money for the landowners and saves us a lot of money for the consumers; Today, the Lone Star State generates more megawatts of wind power than any other in the nation. When it comes to solar, Texas trails only California and actually ranks first in utility scale solar projects; in a surprising turn, almost none of the anti-renewable bills passed and made it to Governor Abbott's desk, proof, Michael Webber says, that green energy in Texas has become more or less politically bulletproof; It's an ironic twist. Today's advanced geothermal would not be possible without the drilling and fracking technology developed for natural gas; 》
[47:40] GREG ABBOTT (R-TX): Our wind and our solar got shut down, and that thrust Texas into a situation where it was lacking power. And this shows how the Green New Deal would be a deadly deal for the United States of America.
[** Green New Deal (GND) proposals call for public policy to address climate change along with achieving other social aims like job creation, economic growth and reducing economic inequality...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_New_Deal グリーン・ニューディール ]
[47:50] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: But a subsequent analysis showed it was unwinterized fossil fuel plants, principally natural gas, that were responsible for most of the blackouts.
[** unwinterized = Not having been winterized //
winterized < winterize = to prepare (something) by various measures to be functional in or to withstand cold weather ]
[50:52]★今日のおすすめ★ Solar system with 6 planets orbiting in-sync discovered in Milky Way
６個の惑星の公転周期がすべて整数比の惑星系発見／地球から１００光年
Astronomers have discovered a rare solar system with six planets moving in sync with one another. Estimated to be billions of years old, the formation 100 light-years away may help unravel some mysteries of our solar system. Miles O’Brien reports on this perfect cosmic dance.
《There was a NASA instrument called the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS; There is also a European satellite called the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite involved; 》