今日の英語ニュース☆2023.08.16☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 15, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:22]★今日のおすすめ★ What's next for Trump after his 4th criminal indictment
For the fourth time this year, former President Donald Trump is defendant Donald Trump. Late Monday, a grand jury in Georgia charged Trump and 18 others in a far-reaching racketeering case related to efforts to overturn the 2020 election results. Lisa Desjardins reports on the newest indictment.
《トランプ起訴; 今年４回目; 合計91件の重罪; grand jury in Fulton County, Georgia; announced by district attorney Fani Willis; Trump and 18 others; lawyers Rudy Giuliani Sidney Powell and John Eastman, Trump's former Chief of Staff Mark Meadows; Unlike the DOJ case, Trump could not pardon himself or attempt to shut down the Georgia investigation if he is reelected president next year; トランプが大統領になっても、ジョージア州のこの件の有罪は、自らを赦免できない; 大陪審による逮捕状; 来週の週末までに出頭》
[02:24] For the fourth time this year, former President Donald Trump is defendant Donald Trump. Late yesterday, a grand jury in Georgia charged Mr. Trump and 18 others and a far-reaching racketeering [** < to racketeer = to carry out illegal business activities or criminal schemes; to commit crimes systematically as part of a criminal organization ] case related to efforts to overturn the 2020 election results.
[03:45] LISA DESJARDINS: The Georgia indictment charges Trump and 18 others with a combined 41 counts in a wide-ranging case, among them, violation of the Georgia Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization, or RICO, Act [** ここでは州法の話だが、連邦法も参考になる： The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization... Under RICO, a person who has committed "at least two acts of racketeering activity" drawn from a list of 35 crimes (27 federal crimes and eight state crimes) within a 10-year period can be charged with racketeering if such acts are related in one of four specified ways to an "enterprise" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります] , often used to prosecute organized crime, soliciting a violation of oath by a public officer, filing false documents, and making false statements.
[05:47]★今日のおすすめ★ Breaking down the charges Trump and 18 allies face in Georgia election case
With former President Donald Trump facing his fourth criminal indictment, Geoff Bennett discusses what's next with Stephen Fowler of Georgia Public Broadcasting and Gwen Keyes Fleming, who previously served as District Attorney in Dekalb County, Georgia.
《トランプ起訴; Stephen Fowler; Gwen Keyes Fleming; former District Attorney in Dekalb County, Georgia; Cathy Latham; 》
[06:11] [** なぜこの件にRICOが使われるのかの説明 ] And, as we heard in Lisa's reporting, they are charged with engaging in a criminal enterprise under a Georgia racketeering law. This RICO law was initially designed to prosecute mob bosses. Help us understand why a RICO charge is an appropriate charge in this case.
GWEN KEYES FLEMING, Former Georgia District Attorney: Certainly. So, Georgia RICO statute is one of the greatest tools that a prosecutor has to be able to tell the whole story when you have a long list of defendants, each of whom were operating in concert towards some sort of common goal, whether it's maintaining or obtaining a part of an enterprise. And so, in this case, what the DA has done is identified several predicate acts. [** predicate = (adj) (law) Relating to or being any of a series of criminal acts upon which prosecution for racketeering may be predicated (wiktionary).// to predicate = to base ] Those are acts or crimes that are listed in the RICO statutes, such as things like false statements, false swearing, influencing witnesses, solicitation to commit forgery. She only needs to successfully prosecute two of them, but she's listed several.
[12:45] He proposed a bunch of primary challengers against popular Republicans in Georgia that got blown out of the water [** to blow someone out of the water = to totally defeat someone; to thoroughly overwhelm someone ] .
[14:25] There also is sufficient evidence that these are purely state crimes involving actions that would have been outside that color of law or color of federal responsibility [** color = an appearance of authority ] , and, therefore, the case should stay in Fulton state court.
[14:56] News Wrap
Confirmed death toll from Maui wildfires climbs to 99; the official death toll climbed in Maui as crews searched the wildfire disaster zone but more bodies are likely among the untouched piles of ash, North Korea claims an American soldier who entered the country last month confessed to harboring ill feelings against the U.S. Army and the mother of a 6-year-old who shot his teacher in Virginia pleaded guilty to child neglect.
《Carlos De Oliveira, property manage of Mar-a-Lago, pleaded not guilty; confirmed death toll from Maui wildfires climbs to 99; Lahaina, Hawaii; massive explosion at a gas station in Russia killed 35; North Korea claims an American soldier (= Travis King) who entered the country last month confessed to harboring ill feelings against the U.S. Army; 》
[20:05] Biden takes economic message on the road amid questions about his re-election campaign
The Biden administration is barnstorming the country this week to mark the one-year anniversary of their landmark Inflation Reduction Act. Recent indicators of a growing economy are key to President Biden's message as he heads into the 2024 election. Laura Barrón-López reports.
《バイデン政権; 地方遊説; one-year anniversary of Inflation Reduction Act; 》
[21:11] KAMALA HARRIS, Vice President of the United States: Recall, these fancy people [** fancy peopleは「裕福で洗練された人達」というような意味だが、この文脈では、景気後退は不可避だと物知り顔で言っていた立派な人達、という皮肉を込めた表現 ] used to say, well, a recession is inevitable. Now, however, those same people acknowledge that President Biden and I have delivered strong and steady growth for our nation.
[24:34] CORNELL BELCHER: And I know there's been some hesitation with people in the administration about, OK, people aren't feeling good about the economy, so should we, in fact, lean in [** to lean in = to lean forward or towards something 前のめりになる。積極的に何かをする] and talk about how good the economy is?
[25:06] DONALD TRUMP: Anything that's good that's happening with the economy, it's only because they're running on the fumes of what we built. [** be running on fumes = to be continuing to operate with no or very little enthusiasm, energy, or resources left.] . You understand that. They're running on the fumes, but those fumes can't last much longer.
[26:02] Life in Afghanistan remains dire 2 years after collapse of U.S.-backed government
Two years ago Tuesday, Taliban fighters poured into Afghanistan's capital and the army melted away and President Ashraf Ghani fled for his life. The country that the U.S. and NATO spent nearly 20 years fighting to build was suddenly controlled again by the same Taliban whom the U.S. deposed after 9/11. Nick Schifrin looks back on the anniversary with Nader Nadery and Laurel Miller.
《アフガニスタン政権崩壊から２年; Afghanistan; Taliban; Nick Schifrin; gender-based apartheid; Nader Nadery, former commissioner of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, now a senior fellow at the Wilson Center; Laurel Miller, former President Obama's special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, now CEO of Asia Foundation, nonprofit development organization; 》
[37:11] Daughters of American held in Iran discuss his 5-year confinement and move to house arrest
For years, Iran has used American dual-nationals as hostage bargaining chips with the West. Last week the Biden administration struck a deal to relocate five American Iranians from prison to house arrest. It is hoped they'll come home to the United States by the middle of next month. Amna Nawaz has an exclusive conversation with the daughters of one of the prisoners.
《イラン; アメリカとイランの二重国籍者; ５人を刑務所から軟禁; Emad Shargiの２人の娘へのインタビュー; Hannah Shargi and Ariana Shargi; some $6 billion in oil revenue being unfrozen in South Korea and Iranians held in the U.S. freed; ９月帰国か 》
[37:10] GEOFF BENNETT: Iran has for years used American dual nationals as hostage bargaining chips with the West. Last week, the Biden administration struck a deal to relocate five American Iranians from prison to house arrest [** 関連ニュース ] . It's hoped they will come home to the U.S. in the coming weeks.
[45:09] 再放送： モンタナ州の若者のグループ 州議会の気候変動対策は不十分として提訴／その根拠になった州憲法の条項とは
この部分は再放送です。前に比べて今回は編集されている部分がかなりあるので、前回放送の方を見ることをお勧めします。
《モンタナ州; 若者グループ; 州の気候変動対策は不十分として州を提訴; 温暖化; Held v. Montana; Claire Vlases; Sandra Zellmer, University of Montana Law School; young plaintiffs are being represented by Our Children's Trust, Oregon-based environmental law firm; 》
[51:57]★今日のおすすめ★ Young activists in Montana win landmark climate change lawsuit against state
この部分の直前の「再放送 モンタナ州の若者…」が背景説明になっています。
Monday, a judge in Montana sided with a group of young environmental activists who argued the state was violating its constitution by promoting fossil fuel development without considering the impact on climate change. William Brangham examined the arguments on both sides of the case before the trial and reports on the ruling's implications in Montana and nationwide.
《モンタナ州; 画期的判決; 若者グループ; Judge Kathy Seeley; 化石燃料開発許可で温室効果ガス排出を考慮しないのは州憲法に違反; the state was not looking at the carbon emissions of any fossil fuel project when issuing permits, violating the Constitution; the state vows to appeal the ruling; Michael Burger, Sabin Center for Climate Study at Columbia University; the findings of fact in this case could have a much broader impact and ripple out nationwide》