今日の英語ニュース☆2023.08.05☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 4, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:03]★今日のおすすめ★ Jobs report falls short of expectations but signals recession might be avoided
The U.S. economy added 187,000 jobs in July, slightly fewer than expected but still a sign of a resilient job market. The report also shows the unemployment rate dipped to 3.5 percent. This comes after several encouraging reports in the last two weeks on GDP and inflation. Special correspondent and Washington Post columnist Catherine Rampell joined Geoff Bennett to break it all down.
（米国雇用統計、景気後退回避できるか）
[04:00] Viewers may remember that, a couple of years ago, three years ago, in fact, there were lots of articles, lots of coverage about a she-cession [** she-cession (=shecession )と何か、直後に説明。] . Folks may remember that, the idea being that women were disproportionately hurt by the pandemic recession because of the kinds of occupations they were in, as well as the fact that they were disproportionately hurt by childcare disruptions and schools going remote. And there were a lot of fears that working women would be set back a generation.
[06:24] News Wrap
In our news wrap Friday, former President Trump entered another not-guilty plea, this time to a revised indictment in the classified documents case, a court in Russia sentenced opposition leader Alexei Navalny to 19 more years in prison and the Biden administration's policy limiting asylum for migrants will remain in effect while legal challenges play out.
[07:29] The Russians said they repelled the attack, but Reuters obtained video showing the ship listing [** to list = to tilt to one side ] badly.
[09:35] Two Tennessee state House members who were expelled in April over a gun control protest are celebrating today. Democrats Justin Pearson and Justin Jones won special elections on Thursday. The victories allow them to fully reclaim their seats in the Republican-dominated legislature. Local officials had already reinstated them, but only temporarily. [** 関連ニュース // 関連表現：Tennessee 3 https://note.com/wgc888/n/n8c8de7b1c3e8#15d9a37b-ab28-4660-8d90-5fce237d4da9 ]
[10:11] And basketball pro Diana Taurasi is now the first player in WNBA history to score 10,000 points in a career. The Phoenix Mercury star reached the milestone last night against the Atlanta Dream in this, her 19th season. After the celebrations, Taurasi went on to finish the game with a season high 42 points, as you do [** as you do = A phrase used to highlight some action as typical or commonplace. It can also be used ironically to humorously show that one regards something as unusual or atypical. この文脈では、冗談として言っている。] .
[11:06]★今日のおすすめ★ U.S. company Haas appears to still indirectly supply Russian arms industry with technology
American machine tools giant Haas Automation faced allegations in March it sold technology to the Russian arms industry via a former distributor. Haas denied the story and said it halted sales when Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022. But research shows Haas may still be supplying the Russian arms industry indirectly. Special correspondent Simon Ostrovsky reports with support from the Pulitzer Center.
（アメリカ製工作機械、ロシアの武器製造、ウクライナ攻撃、密輸、中国の関与、VF-2YT、VF2YT、Abamet Management、Abamet、Uralkali、Dmitry Mazepin ）
[10:56] GEOFF BENNETT: Back in March, "NewsHour" revealed allegations that American machine tools giant Haas Automation sold millions of dollars' worth of its technology to the Russian arms industry via its former distributor Abamet. [** ３月に放送された関連ニュース ]
[21:09] Studios and writers return to contract negotiations for first time in 3 months
Major studios and producers are sitting down with the Writers Guild of America for the first time in three months. The writers strike began before the summer then actors joined in after contract negotiations broke down over similar issues. The talks will have to solve major divides over streaming revenues and the role of AI. Jeffrey Brown discussed the negotiations with Matthew Belloni.
（ハリウッド、脚本家組合、WGA、Jane Fonda、Puck News）
[24:39] but there are also companies like Amazon and Apple and Netflix that are tech companies and have very different business interests. They are in selling subscriptions. That is their primary business in Hollywood, whereas the others have all these other businesses, like linear television [** linear television = Conventional television viewed at the same time as transmission (wiktionary) ] , where their late-night shows are shut down.
[25:38] And for certain productions that are not financed or distributed by these struck [** struck = subjected to a labor strike ] companies, the major studios and streamers, you can sign an interim agreement, which essentially says, we agree to everything that the guild is asking for.
[27:44] How lessons learned from COVID are preparing the world for future health threats
The State Department is putting lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic into action. The Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy is aimed at better preventing, detecting and responding to existing and future health threats. Its first leader is renowned virologist Dr. John Nkengasong. He sat down with Geoff Bennett to discuss the new effort to respond to global health crises.
（パンデミックの教訓、コロナの教訓）
[29:17] Secondly is to elevate health security [** = Health security is a concept that encompasses activities and measures across sovereign boundaries that mitigates public health incidents to ensure the health of populations. It is an evolving paradigm within the fields of international relations and security studies... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_security 健康安全保障 ] as part of our foreign policy.
[31:57] Right now, for the first time in the program's history, there are Republicans who are threatening the reauthorization because they say that PEPFAR is a vehicle for promoting abortion access, which is not true. It's objectively not true. That's prohibited by law. But, still, this program has been caught up in the cultural wars [** = Conflict between different ideological groups, especially political conflict for cultural dominance between liberals and conservatives in the United States.「 文化戦争」。 さらに詳しく：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_war#2012–present:_Broadening_of_the_culture_war ] .
[35:30] GOP presidential candidates avoid discussing climate change on campaign trail
The 2024 Republican presidential campaign season is in full swing and candidates are stumping on a host of key issues. But one topic that’s missing from their agenda is climate change. Despite a summer of record-setting heat, new polling shows that Republican voters still don't see a warming planet as a concern. As William Brangham reports, neither do the GOP candidates who want to lead them.
（２０２４年大統領選挙、共和党予備選挙、気候変動、無関心、選挙争点にならない、Lisa Friedman、climate denier、Leah Stokes）
[42:46]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on Trump's latest indictment and climate politics
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Amna Nawaz to discuss the week in politics, including the latest indictment of former President Trump and the importance of climate policy going into the 2024 election.
（金曜恒例、２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る、）
[48:46] David, it's worth noting his single biggest individual donor, a man named Robert Bigelow, who's donated some $20 million to Mr. DeSantis' super PAC [** = Super PACs, officially known as "independent expenditure-only political action committees," are unlike traditional PACs in that they may engage in unlimited political spending (on, for example, ads) independently of the campaigns, and may raise funds from individuals, corporations, unions, and other groups without any legal limit on donation size. However, they are not allowed to either coordinate with or contribute directly to candidate campaigns or party coffers... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee#Super_PACs ] , said today he's not going to give him any more money until he has more major donors and he moderates his message.
[49:10] DAVID BROOKS: I mean, Ron DeSantis is doing the Ron DeSantis thing. He's chosen his strategy, which is to outflank Trump on the right [** = トランプのさらに右へ行く。中道ではなく、トランプ以上に保守色を強める戦略。] .
[49:19] I really don't see a crack in the Republican primary phalanx [** phalanx = A large group of people united in common purpose. (この文脈では)共和党予備選の有権者] that wants to support Donald Trump.
[53:09] [** 明日の予告：津波による福島原発事故から１２年。日本が１００万トン以上の汚染処理水を海洋放出する計画] And on "PBS News Weekend": Twelve years after a tsunami sent Fukushima's nuclear power plant into meltdown, Japan plans to release more than a million tons of wastewater from that damaged facility.
NARRATOR: Haruo Ono's younger brother was out at sea when the tsunami struck and lost his life. He's worked hard to rebuild his livelihood since, but he fears that Fukushima will be paying the price for years to come.
HARUO ONO, Fisherman (through translator): It's a lifelong problem. This is our children's problem. This is our grandchildren's problem. It will affect everyone. Who can say with certainty that this will be fine?