今日の英語ニュース☆2023.08.09☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Aug. 8, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:28] News Wrap
Storm system blasts eastern U.S. with severe weather：In our news wrap Tuesday, a storm system blasted the Northeast with severe weather, there's new evidence of global warming affecting Antarctica with sea ice at a record low, the Supreme Court reinstated a federal regulation aimed at curbing the spread of "ghost guns," and more than 11,000 Los Angeles city employees called a 24-hour strike.
[07:59] Back in this country, the Supreme Court has reinstated a federal regulation aimed at curbing the spread of ghost guns [** ghost gun = 以前の番組に出てきました ] . Such weapons, privately assembled from parts, have no serial numbers.
[09:47] Interior Secretary discusses importance of new national monument protecting tribal land
President Biden headed to Arizona Tuesday where he made an announcement designating some million acres of land around the Grand Canyon as a national monument. The move would stop future uranium mining projects on the land, marking a key victory for environmentalists and tribal leaders. Department of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland joined Amna Nawaz to discuss the designation.
《Department of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland、Interior Secretary、内務省、内務長官、内務省長官、Grand Canyon、Arizona、national monument、国定記念物、Supai Village、カーボンフットプリント、二酸化炭素排出量》
[09:47] AMNA NAWAZ: President Biden headed to Arizona today, where he made an historic announcement, designating some million acres of land around the Grand Canyon as a national monument [** = a place of historic, scenic, or scientific interest set aside for preservation usually by presidential proclamation (Merriam-Webster) 国定記念物(史跡･天然記念物など) ] protected by the government.
[12:16] But there are some concerns from local ranchers and from others. Republican Senator Mitt Romney of Utah says ranchers in Southern Utah will also be impacted. He also expressed concerns about U.S. energy independence. He said: "By eliminating this important source of uranium, President Biden has increased both our dependence on Russia and China and our ultimate carbon footprint [** carbon footprint = the amount of greenhouse gases and specifically carbon dioxide emitted by something (such as a person's activities or a product's manufacture and transport) during a given period. カーボン・フットプリント、二酸化炭素排出量 ] ."
[16:12]★今日のおすすめ★ Breaking down Trump's claims he can't get a fair trial in 2020 election case
In the criminal cases involving former President Trump, we’ve seen the first legal skirmishes. Significant questions over venues and evidence, and from Trump himself, a push for the judge assigned to his criminal trial in DC to recuse herself. Lisa Desjardins discussed the brewing legal fight with David Kelley, the former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.
《判事、recuse、忌避、裁判場所変更要求、Trump、トランプ、Tanya Chutkan判事、David Kelley、U.S. attorney、連邦検事、former federal judge, Michael Luttig、》
[23:00]★今日のおすすめ★ Casualties mount as Ukraine's counteroffensive continues slow progress
This has been a long and brutal summer in Ukraine as Kyiv's counteroffensive continues to retake lands now occupied by Russia. A leading British military think tank reported that the Ukrainian operation is going more slowly than expected, and it blamed the slow provision of advanced weaponry by Western partners. Amna Nawaz discussed the war with Michael Vickers and Jennifer Cafarella.
《ウクライナ戦争、進まない反転攻勢、counteroffensive、反転攻勢、Michael Vickers、Jennifer Cafarella、》
[23:45] Ukraine says Russia launched two missiles, 40 minutes apart, to target rescue workers after the initial strike, a tactic called a double tap [** = A bombing strategy where the same target is attacked twice, with the second attack targeting rescuers and mourners (wiktionary)] .
[25:51] Michael Vickers was a senior Defense Department official under Presidents George W. Bush and Obama and served as the CIA's chief strategist during the Reagan administration. He is the author of "By All Means Available: Memoirs of a Life in Intelligence, Special Operations, and Strategy." [** 以前の番組に登場しました ] And Jennifer Cafarella is the chief of staff and national security fellow at the Institute for the Study of War. [** 以前の番組に登場しました ] That's a think tank that tracks military developments.
[33:17]★今日のおすすめ★ Investigation reveals lack of consequences for doctors spreading COVID misinformation
What happens when doctors spread misinformation during a pandemic, potentially endangering peoples’ lives? A new investigation from The Washington Post looks at why doctors who pushed medical misinformation, particularly about alleged COVID remedies or treatments, faced so few repercussions for their behavior. William Brangham spoke with Lena Sun, one of the lead reporters on that investigation.
《コロナ、パンデミック、医師が間違った情報を拡散、処分は稀、Lena Sun、The Washington Post、コロナに効果のないivermectinとhydroxychloroquineを処方、イベルメクチン、ヒドロキシクロロキン、根拠のないコロナ治療薬、ワクチンやマスクに関する誤情報》
[34:33] But then there were other physicians who were spreading false and misleading statements about vaccines and masks and treatments, saying things like equating the COVID vaccine to needle rape [** needle rape = 誤情報まき散らす医師が新型コロナワクチンをこう表現した ]
[38:23] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Right, because it is not "illegal" -- quote, unquote -- to off-label [** = outside of regulatorily approved indications, but (unless otherwise specified) within the bounds of reasonable use as defined by a licensed prescriber.(wiktionary) 承認適応症外 // indication = 適応(症)] prescribe something. LENA SUN: Right. Off-label is something that doctors do all the time. And that's their right. That's their medical judgment.
[39:57] How some U.S. cities are converting vacant office spaces into housing
American cities are dealing with housing shortages and an office glut, with millions of square feet of office space sitting vacant since the onset of the pandemic. Office-to-housing conversions are becoming an increasingly popular two-in-one solution for city leaders. But will it result in housing that’s affordable for all Americans? Paul Solman reports.
《housing shortages and an office glut、住宅不足、オフィス余剰、供給過剰、Paul Solman、affordable housing、office-to-residential conversion》
[41:27] The average rental rate in Manhattan is $3,236 a month for just a studio apartment [** = A small apartment that combines a number of rooms, often the living room, bedroom, and kitchen, into a single room (wiktionary). ワンルームマンション。studioだけで、この意味に使われている例が、この後何回か出てくる。 ] .
[47:57] James McBride discusses the themes in his new novel, 'The Heaven and Earth Grocery Store'
The National Book Award-winning author James McBride has a new novel out, "The Heaven and Earth Grocery Store." Like much of McBride’s work, it’s rooted in race, religion and personal history. Jeffrey Brown turns the page for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《James McBride、新刊本、The Heaven & Earth Grocery Store、》
[53:47] JAMES MCBRIDE: When my mother was -- married my father and had us, and we'd go on the subway and so forth, people would call her names [** to call (someone) names = to use abusive or insulting language, engage in name-calling ] . Like, I remember, one time in the subway, and somebody went at her calling her N-lover [* N = nigger = (offensive、侮蔑的、使うと場合によってはただでは済まない言葉) 黒人 ] and all this crap.