今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.17☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 16, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:29]★今日のおすすめ★ Israel drops evacuation leaflets in southern Gaza, signaling expansion of invasion
Communications with Gaza are mostly cut off because of a lack of fuel to power the system there. Israel is pressing its invasion in the north, and the IDF discovered the body of one of the 240 hostages held by Hamas. Her remains were found near Al Shifa hospital, the main medical center in northern Gaza. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い４１日目;03:40～ スタジオのLeila Molana-Allenに聞く; 》
[06:28] LEILA MOLANA-ALLEN: I mean, the first thing to say is, war is horrific anywhere. And I have covered many conflicts over the last 15 years. But this one is in such a small space. So, to begin with, the number of people killed on October the 7th in the Hamas attacks, everybody in this country of just 10 million people knows someone, and then, of course, such an incredibly small land mass inside Gaza as well in a place the size of Rhode Island. You have got nearly 2.5 million civilians living there.
[** この部分について、動画サイトに次のように訂正があります。Correction: This segment described Gaza as about the size of Rhode Island. Gaza is about one-tenth of that size, or about the size of Manhattan. We regret the error.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXCbsPN02II ]
[09:34] What's more of a question here is, what happens to Palestinians? We are seeing scenes that remind everybody of the Nakba, [** ２日前の番組にも出てきました ] the Catastrophe, what Palestinians and the Arab world call 1948, when Palestinians were forcibly moved from their land and never allowed to come back, these queues of people we're seeing moving into South Gaza.
[09:52] The IDF is saying they are going to spread that invasion into South Gaza. So then where do people go? Either they're trapped in a kill box or there is a humanitarian corridor into Egypt. Will they ever be allowed to come back? One-and-a-half-million Palestinian refugees already living across the region. How many more? Will this be another case of them losing their land for good?
[** < In laymen’s terms, “kill boxes” sound like torture devices. In military jargon, they are almost incomprehensible; as defined in the Department of Defense Dictionary, they are “a three-dimensional area reference that enables timely, effective coordination and control and facilitates rapid attacks.” But despite their ominous name and complicated technical definition, kill boxes are actually relatively simple in concept: They are three-dimensional cubes of space on a battlefield in which members and allies of the United States military are completely free to open fire...
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/02/the-cost-of-the-kill-box/470751/ ]
[10:21] Blinken discusses improving relations with China, support of Israel amid ceasefire calls
Secretary of State Blinken is in San Francisco with President Biden for the APEC summit. He joined Amna Nawaz to discuss improving U.S. relations with China and the growing calls for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war.
《ブリンケン国務長官へのインタビュー; fentanyl密輸阻止に関する中国との合意; イスラエル・ハマス戦争; 》
[15:33] And, as you have noted, watching that death toll rise, as you said, watching children pulled from the rubble, that guts you every time. Americans are increasingly feeling that way too.
[** to gut = この文脈では、打ちのめす。大きな打撃を与える ]
[17:42] News Wrap
The House Ethics Committee reported there's overwhelming evidence that Congressman George Santos broke the law, a federal jury in San Francisco convicted a man of assaulting Paul Pelosi, an appeals court judge in New York set aside a gag order against former President Trump and Kenya's high court blocked the deployment of police to Haiti to quell gang violence.
《The United Nations top court ordered Syria today to stop torturing its people; Two top health agencies say deaths from measles (= 麻疹、 はしか
) jumped more than 40 percent last year to 136,000. Most of the victims were children. And the World Health Organization and the CDC blame a sharp drop in vaccinations during the pandemic. Most of the large outbreaks were in Africa or the Eastern Mediterranean; members of the United Auto Workers have ratified a new contract General Motors, but it was closer than expected. The union announced the agreement won just under 55 percent of the vote. Voting is still ongoing at Ford and Stellantis; Starbucks employees today staged what might be their biggest strike yet. Organizers said the one-day walkout involved more than 5,000 workers. It targeted more than 200 Starbucks locations nationwide. The strike is part of a two-year effort to unionize the chain; Baseball owners today unanimously approved the Oakland Athletics' move to Las Vegas ( オークランド・アスレチックス移転); Congress has left Washington for its Thanksgiving recess after ensuring the government won't shut down this weekend. The Senate gave final approval to a temporary funding package last night. It keeps spending at current levels into January for some agencies and into February for others; 政府閉鎖回避 》
[17:42] AMNA NAWAZ: In the day's other news: The House Ethics Committee reported there's overwhelming evidence that Congressman George Santos broke the law. [** 関連ニュース ] The panel said the New York Republican used campaign funds for expensive hotels and spas and lied on financial reports. It said -- quote -- "Santos sought to fraudulently exploit every aspect of his House candidacy for financial profit."
[21:09] For the first time since 2005, a Major League Baseball team is pulling up stakes. Baseball owners today unanimously approved the Oakland Athletics' move to Las Vegas.
[** to pull up stakes = Move away, leave one's home, job, or country (thefreedictionary). この文脈では、チームの本拠地を移転する ]
[23:00] Wave of protests and rallies highlight tensions in U.S. as Israel-Hamas war persists
Over the last two months, hundreds of thousands of Americans have come together in both pro-Israeli and pro-Palestinian rallies and vigils. The vast majority have been peaceful, but some have turned violent or included antisemitic and Islamophobic threats. Laura Barron-Lopez reports.
《イスラエル・ハマス戦争が続く中、デモ集会が暴力やヘイトの場になることも; 》
[27:04]★今日のおすすめ★ Election workers face violent threats and harassment amid dangerous political rhetoric
Election officials across the country have been under attack since 2020, falsely accused of conspiring to steal or rig the last presidential election. These attacks stepped up to a dangerous degree recently, with officials in five states receiving letters containing a white powder that, in some cases, was found to be fentanyl. William Brangham reports.
《２０２０年の選挙以降増加した選挙管理職員への脅迫や嫌がらせ; フェンタニルを送り付けられる事件も; David Becker, executive director of the Center for Election Innovation and Research; Election Official Legal Defense Network; we have to understand there's not going to be some magic wand here. We're not going to fix this with a flip of the switch. This is -- the damage that's been done here is significant, and it's going to take years, if not decades to fix; reset the incentive structure, where those who would seek to continue to target a population of people who supported the losing candidate for lies, good Americans, target them so that they can get rich, maybe we can create an incentive structure where no longer they benefit from that; 》
[33:58]★今日のおすすめ★ How Russian oil is reaching the U.S. market through a loophole in the embargo
After Russia invaded Ukraine, the U.S. and European allies banned the import of Russian oil and natural gas. But a new report reveals that fuel made in part from Russian crude is still ending up in American gas tanks. Nick Schifrin and producer Teresa Cebrian report on a new investigation released by the organization, Global Witness.
《ロシア産石油、禁輸の抜け穴で米市場に流通; Last month, the Balzani arrived in the New Harbor carrying more than 500,000 barrels of fuel made in part from Russian crude oil. It turns out that U.S. imports are helping fuel Russia's war machine; For the first nine months of 2023, that crude oil was worth to the Kremlin at least $180 million; Global Witness, an international NGO that tracked the shipments of fuel made with Russian crude oil and is today exposing their value to Moscow; Russia produces 9.6 million barrels of crude oil per day, its single most important source of revenue. And it sells that oil to countries outside the U.S. and European Union, including China, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and India, home to the world's largest oil refinery, the sprawling Jamnagar refining complex; Before the war in Ukraine, Jamnagar imported almost no Russian crude. Today, Global Witness found about one-third of its monthly crude imports are Russian. At Jamnagar, the Russian crude is blended with other foreign crude and refined into gasoline, diesel, and other products that can be legally bought by American companies; It's then shipped with vessels like the Balzani through the Red Sea, into the Suez Canal, the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean, and, in this case, New York's Upper Bay; After the invasion of Ukraine, the U.S. banned the direct import of Russian oil. However, other countries that then started buying that oil can legally refine it and sell it to the U.S. That's the refining loophole; Among the companies importing that oil, BP, Sunoco, and Shell; Texas Democrat Lloyd Doggett helped write the original legislation that banned Russian oil and natural gas from being imported into the U.S. Yesterday, he introduced the Ending Importation of Laundered Russian Oil Act designed to close the loophole; what the U.S. hasn't tried to do, close off all Russian oil. That would increase American gas prices... Instead, the leading industrialized countries have tried to limit Russia's oil revenue, with a $60-a-barrel cap on oil sold with Western shipping or insurance; But Russia has found ways around the price cap. In October, it sold oil on average for more than $80 a barrel, and its total oil export revenues were $18.34 billion, among the highest since July 2022. That's in part thanks to Russia's shadow fleet; Russia built up its shadow fleet and moved away from the reliance on the G7 countries insurance and ship providers. That makes the implementation of the world price cap very challenging; 》
[39:49] NICK SCHIFRIN: But Doggett is the chair of the House India Caucus and argues punishing India might threaten other U.S. policy, especially toward China.
[** この部分について、動画サイトに次のような訂正があります。Correction: Rep. Lloyd Doggett is a member of the House India Caucus but is not the chair as mentioned in this segment. We regret the error.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMTEBoapjbY ]
[40:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Brian Stelter discusses 'Network of Lies' and how Fox maintains its brand
After decades at the helm of News Corp, Rupert Murdoch officially stepped aside this week. What does this leadership change mean for the future of a network so deeply tied to and influential within the Republican party? Amna Nawaz discussed that with Brian Stelter, author of "Network of Lies: The Epic Saga of Fox News, Donald Trump, and the Battle for American Democracy."
《ルパート・マードックが退任; FOX Newsと共和党にどのような影響があるか; Brian Stelterに聞く; 『Network of Lies: The Epic Saga of Fox News, Donald Trump, and the Battle for American Democracy』の著者; 》
[42:06] AMNA NAWAZ: Well, we know the role that FOX played in spreading the lie of the stolen election in 2020. On that point, you write this in the book. You say: "Rupert and Lachlan Murdoch let it happen. If father and son have regrets, they have not expressed any publicly." Was there any kind of internal reckoning after that and after the lawsuit that resulted from that and the $787 million they had to pay? [** 関連ニュース１ 関連ニュース２ ]
[42:53] AMNA NAWAZ: You mentioned Lachlan is more of a business-focused guy. Was the firing of Tucker Carlson [** 関連ニュース ] more of a moral decision or a business one?
[45:31] BRIAN STELTER: Well, I think your segment earlier this week about autocratic behavior, [** 関連ニュース ] about the language Trump is using is really important.
[46:44] Elle and Keegan-Michael Key chronicle 'The History of Sketch Comedy' in new book
Keegan-Michael Key is a modern master of sketch comedy, starring in hits shows “Mad TV,” “Key and Peele” and “Schmigadoon!” Now, he and his wife, film and TV producer Elle Key, have taken a long look into the history of the art form. They talked recently with Jeffrey Brown for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《スケッチ・コメディーの歴史を語る; Elle and Keegan-Michael Key; 『The History of Sketch Comedy』; 》
[46:48] Keegan-Michael Key is a modern master of sketch comedy.
[** = Sketch comedy comprises a series of short, amusing scenes or vignettes, called "sketches", commonly between one and ten minutes long, performed by a group of comic actors or comedians...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_comedy ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) スケッチ・コメディー ]