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(1) å¯è©ãšã¯ïŒ
https://kimini.online/blog/archives/11589
å¯è©ã¯ãè±èªã§ã¯adverb [ã¢ãããŒãŽ]ãšèšããŸãã
adverb = ad + verb
ãadãã¯ã©ãã³èªã§ããä»å ããæå³ãããverbãã¯ãåè©ããæå³ããŸãã
ã圢容è©ãã¯åºæ¬çã«ãåè©ãã修食ããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããå¯è©ãã¯ãåè©ãããæå
šäœãã修食ããåè©ã ãšæã£ãŠããã°ããšããããééããããŸããã
â ïžçŽ°ããªèª¬æã¯ãäž(â)ã®ãªã³ã¯å
ãã芧ãã ããã
(2) successfullyã¯äŸ¿å©ãªèšè
å¯è©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã以åãæžããããšããããŸãã䜿ãããªããã°ããšãŠã䟿å©ãªèšèã§ãã
ããšãã°ããç§ã¯æ³³ãããšãåºæ¥ãŸããããè±èªã«ãªãããªãã°ã
I could swim. ãããã¯
I was able to swim. ãšèš³ã人ãå€ããšæããŸãã
ããã§ééãã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããååŸã®æèããªãå Žåã
I could swim. ã®ãcouldãã¯ãä»®å®æ³ã®çšæ³ããããæ³³ããããªãããšãã解éãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãææ§ããæ®ããŸãã
å¯è©ãsuccessfullyã(éŠå°ŸãããããŸã)ãçšããŠã
I swam successfully. ãšããã°ããç§ã¯æ³³ãããšãã§ããããšããææ§ãã®ãªãæå³ãè¡šãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã
could, might, would ãªã©ã®å©åè©ã¯ãå¿ççãªæ¿æ·¡ãè¡šãããã«ã¯å€§åãªãã®ã§ããããéå»åœ¢+successfullyãã䟿å©ãªè¡šçŸãªã®ã§èŠããŠãããšè¯ãããªãã
(3) å¯è©ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãåŸãã«æ¥ãç®æã修食ããã
ææ³æžã«ããåºãŠããäŸæã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªæããããŸãã
â Happily he did not die.
â¡He did not die happily.
å¯è©ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãåŸãã«ã€ã¥ãç®æã修食ããŸãã
â ã§ã¯ããHappilyãã¯ãhe did not dieãã修食ããã®ã§ã
ãããããã圌ã¯æ»ãªãã«æžãã ããšãªããŸãã
â¡ã§ã¯ã©ãã§ãããïŒ
ãnotã(notãå¯è©ã§ã)ã¯ãdie happilyãã修食ããã®ã§ã
ãã幞çŠã«æ»ã¬ãã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããšãªããŸãã®ã§ãèš³æã¯
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äžå¿ã®ææ³çãªèª¬æã¯ä»æžãããšããã§ãããæèããéã®ãšãæ¹ãã倧åã§ãã
â¡ã®æããäžæ¯ã«é髪ãããã«èªãã°ãããã»ã©èšã£ãããã«ã圌ã¯å¹žçŠãªæ»ã«æ¹ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããšè§£éã§ããŸããã
He did not die.ãšèšã£ãããšã«ãååãªéããšã£ãŠããèšãã°ã
ã圌ã¯æ»ãªãªãã£ããããããããã«ããšãªããâ ãšåã解éã«ãªãåŸãŸãã
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(4) apparently, evidentlyã®è§£éã¯æ³šæãå¿ èŠ
apparentlyãševidentlyãç»å Žãããšãã«ã¯ã现å¿ã®æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã
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â ãïœã®ããã«èŠããããšããæå³ãš
â¡ãïœã¯æããã ããšããæå³ããããŸãã
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apparentlyã®åè©åœ¢ã¯ãappearanceãã§ãèŠãããå€èŠããšããæå³ã§ãã
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evidentlyãapparentyãšåããããªäºæ
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evidentlyã®åè©åœ¢ã¯ãevidenceã§ã蚌æ ããšããæå³ã§ãã
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ãïœã®ããã«èŠãããã§ããã°ããseeminglyãããit seems (that) ïœããçšããã
ãïœã¯æããã ãã§ããã°ã
ãclearlyãããI am convinced thatïœããçšããã
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