今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.18☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
PBS News Weekend Sept. 17, 2023
週末版の字幕はいつも間違いや省略が非常に多いのですが、今日は、比較的少なかったので字幕ファイルを作りました。
オリジナルの字幕は大文字表記のものを使いましたが、一度すべて小文字に変換してから使いましたので、今日の字幕ファイルは小文字表記になっています (書き加えた部分などは一部大文字) 。
比較用に、訂正前のオリジナルの字幕もアップロードしておきます。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Sept. 17, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
[00:00] Introduction
[01:56] News Wrap
In our news wrap Sunday, talks continued between automakers and the union representing striking auto workers, South Korea’s president warned of deepening military ties between Russia and North Korea, the first two civilian cargo ships since the collapse of the Black Sea grain deal reached Ukraine, and Drew Barrymore backed out of bringing her talk show back on air amid ongoing Hollywood strikes.
《UAW strike; UAWストライキ、Yoon Suk Yeol warns of deepening military ties between Russia and North Korea; 尹錫悦; Drew Barrymor; 》
[02:39] >> So, 21% [* wage increase offer] is a no-go for you?
Fain: it's definitely a no-go, and we've made that very clear to the companies.
[** no-go = something that cannot be done; a plan or idea that is not acceptable ]
[04:44]★今日のおすすめ★ What’s behind an alarming rise in violent incidents in health care facilities
Health care workers are five times as likely to experience workplace violence as other workers, according to government data. In a National Nurses United survey in 2022, 40 percent of hospital nurses said they’d seen an increase in violent incidents. Karen Coughlin, chair of the Massachusetts Nurses Association’s workplace violence and abuse prevention task force, joins John Yang to discuss.
《Health care workers are five times as likely to experience workplace violence as other workers; 医療従事者の職場での暴力被害は他の職場の５倍; Karen Coughlin; 》
[08:35] >> It's almost like the perfect storm. So, nurses are dealing with the inability to provide care to the patients in the way that they would like to be able to provide it in a timely manner. If you have too many patients to care for, you can't get to everyone, you can't be in ten places at once. The other thing is that there are, you know, we have learned there are no consequences oftentimes for these types of behaviors in facilities. You know, patients are allowed to, you know, assault, verbally threaten, verbally abuse staff without any consequences to those behaviors. Visitors aren't banned, they're not, you know, they're not screened before they come in. We have weapons in general all across the country, you know, and hospitals are hesitant to put in, you know, metal detectors, you know, for visitors coming in.
[** perfect storm = a situation in which several problems come together and make everything worse 様々なマイナス要因が重なり、最悪の事態になること ]
[09:59] But also along with that, to have reporting mechanisms so that we have data that can show and red-flag, but it's like the Department of Public Health should be aware of these types of incidents that are going on in facilities. And hospitals, quite frankly, are reluctant to do that. But they should.
[** to red-flag= to warn; to alert; to signal that something is wrong ]
[12:13] Proposed WIC funding cuts raise nutrition concerns for low-income families
With a possible government shutdown looming, one federal program facing funding cuts is the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), which helps low-income families buy healthy foods. Nell Menefee-Libey, public policy manager for the nonprofit National WIC Association, joins Ali Rogin to discuss the potential impact on millions of children and pregnant people.
《WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children; 女性、乳児および小児(WIC)のための特別な補助栄養プログラム; Nell Menefee-Libey, National WIC Association; funding cuts; 》
[15:11] >> Now, in terms of the debate happening in Congress right now, a lot of Republicans have seen reducing that fruit and vegetable credit as a way to, in their view, course-correct from expansions of some programs that took place during the public health emergency.
[** to course-correct = to make adjustments to an ongoing process or project in order to achieve a desired outcome (wiktionary) ]
[18:43]★今日のおすすめ★ How climate change is making fall foliage less colorful
Next Saturday, the autumn equinox will mark the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere. For some, though, the real start of fall is when the leaves change color. But scientists say climate change is affecting both the timing and intensity of fall foliage. John Yang speaks with Bill Keeton, a professor of forest ecology at the University of Vermont, to learn more.
《climate change is affecting both the timing and intensity of fall foliage; 気候変動の紅葉時期や色への影響; Bill Keeton, professor of forest ecology at the University of Vermont; 》
[18:39] John: Next Saturday is the autumnal equinox, the beginning of astronomical fall in the northern hemisphere.
[** astronomical fall = 天文学的季節の秋 = 秋分から冬至まで // 天文学的に季節をいう場合は東洋と西洋ではその区分が違っている。西洋では冬至から春分までが冬、春分から夏至までが春、夏至から秋分までが夏、そして秋分から冬至までが秋である。東洋の場合は春は立春から立夏前日まで、夏は立夏より立秋前日まで、秋は立秋より立冬前日まで、冬は立冬より立春前日まで... https://kotobank.jp/word/季節-50636 ]
[18:48] For some, though, fall doesn't really begin until the leaves change color. But, scientists say climate change is affecting both the timing and intensity of fall foliage.
[** = vividness of hue 彩度、色の鮮やかさ ]
[** fall foliage = The brightly colored leaves of deciduous trees that appear in the autumn. 紅葉 ]
[19:04] I asked him to explain why leaves change color in the fall.
>> It's really a delicate dance between many factors that are driving both the onset of the fall foliage, as well as the intensity of the color that we see.
[** delicate dance = (この文脈では)繊細な相互作用 // delicate danceは「細心の注意や巧みな処理を要する状況」を意味することが多い ]
[20:11] At the same time this is happening, the trees are trying to buffer [* to buffer something = to protect something from shock ] those leaves and hang on to them as long as possible so that they can absorb as much of the energy stored in those leaves as possible. And to do that, they produce another group of chemicals called anthocyanins [** = (発音注意) アントシアニン ] . These anthocyanins give us the reds and the purples that we find in some species like maples and oaks, and add a lot of diversity to the color that we see on the landscape.
[24:34] There are also a lot of things that foresters can do to make those forests more resilient to climate change. for example, reducing the stocking or the density of trees to make them less prone to drought.
[** stocking = (forestry) A ratio of the actual density of trees in an area to the ideal density that would make the fullest use of the land (wiktionary) ]
[24:46] Of course, in the west, all of the various techniques that we use to support and restore natural fire regimes. So things like reducing fuel loading and the use of prescribed burning, all of these things can make our forests more resilient to climate change.
[** A natural fire regime is a general classification of the role fire would play across a landscape in the absence of modern human mechanical intervention, but including the influence of aboriginal burning... https://cafiresafecouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/FRCC-Definitions-NWCG-2003-rev-Mar13.pdf ]
[** fuel loading = the volume of fuel in a given area ]
[** = Prescribed fires, also known as prescribed burns, refer to the controlled application of fire by a team of fire experts under specified weather conditions to restore health to ecosystems that depend on fire... https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/prescribed-fire ]