今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.10☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
週末版の字幕はいつも間違いや省略が非常に多いのですが、今日は、比較的少なかったので字幕ファイルを作りました。
オリジナルの字幕は大文字表記のものを使いましたが、一度すべて小文字に変換してから使いましたので、今日の字幕ファイルは小文字表記になっています (書き加えた部分などは一部大文字) 。
比較用に、訂正前のオリジナルの字幕もアップロードしておきます。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Dec 9, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）
ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上のダウンロード用の字幕ファイルがメインです。以下はサンプル程度
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[01:59] News Wrap
今日の主要ニュース
The Texas Supreme Court temporarily blocked a lower court’s decision to allow a pregnant woman whose fetus has a fatal diagnosis to get an abortion, Israel hit targets across Gaza as its war with Hamas entered its third month, nations clashed at COP28 over reducing the use of fossil fuels, and baseball star Shohei Ohtani said he’s signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い６４日目; There are reports that the head of the powerful oil cartel OPEC urged its member nations to reject any language calling for a reduction of fossil fuels; China, the world's largest , emitter of greenhouse gases, won't say whether it would agree to reductions in the use of oil, gas or coal; 》
[02:01] An unusual abortion-rights case in Texas has taken a turn. The state supreme court temporarily blocked a lower court ruling that would have allowed a pregnant woman, whose fetus has a fatal diagnosis, to get an abortion, despite some of the nation's most restrictive abortion laws.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[04:03] [** 大谷翔平がドジャースと契約したニュース ] And, ending weeks of speculation, two-way baseball superstar Shohei Ohtani said he's signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Reports say the 10-year deal is worth $700 million. That is a North American sports record. Ohtani, who excels both as a hitter and a pitcher, had spent the last six seasons with the Los Angeles Angels. Ohtani had elbow surgery in September and doctors say he should be ready to go for next year's opening day.
[** two-way < two-way player = In sports that require a player to play on offense and defense (such as basketball and ice hockey), a two-way player refers to a player who excels at both. In sports where a player typically specializes on offense or defense (like American football), or on pitching or batting (like baseball), it refers to a player who chooses to do both...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_player
二刀流 ]
[04:59]★今日のおすすめ★ Why the FDA’s approval of revolutionary sickle cell gene therapy is a ‘big deal’
鎌状赤血球病の画期的遺伝子治療、FDAが承認／患者の誰もが受けられるわけではない／治療法の開発が遅れた理由は患者の大半がアフリカ系だから
Sickle cell disease is a chronic, debilitating condition that affects nearly 100,000 Americans, most of them with African ancestry. Now, the FDA has approved a groundbreaking treatment for it that uses the gene-editing tool CRISPR. John Yang speaks with Yale School of Medicine assistant professor Dr. Cece Calhoun and New York Times reporter Gina Kolata to learn more.
《try to figure out how do you treat this thing where you have one tiny change out of 3 billion DNA letters, one of them is changed and you have this awful disease; there was not a lot of money poured into doing research on sickle cell. there's a thought that that had a lot to do with the population that was that was affected, mostly black americans, hispanic americans, many of them without much money. and they didn't have a strong advocacy group; 》
[05:50] This is the first U.S.-approved medicine for a genetic disease that uses the ground-breaking gene-editing tool called CRISPR.
[** CRISPR gene editing... is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on a simplified version of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing ]
[10:10] What to know about escalations in Venezuela and Guyana’s territorial dispute
ベネズエラとガイアナの領有権問題／ガイアナ沖に石油・ガス資源が見つかったことで古い争いがエスカレート／ベネズエラの国内政治、来年の大統領選挙も関係
Tensions are rising in South America as Venezuela threatens to take over a large region of Guyana that’s rich in resources. Venezuela on Saturday signaled openness to “high-level” talks to resolve the standoff, but Guyana has yet to respond. Ali Rogin speaks with Carolina Jimenez Sandoval, president of the Washington Office on Latin America, about the dispute’s history and latest developments.
《Last week, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro held a referendum to declare sovereignty over a resource-rich region that makes up 2/3 of Guyana's territory; At the end of October, the opposition, for the first time in years, self-organized primary elections to choose one candidate who could run against Maduro in 2024. It seems the Maduro government underestimated this citizen exercise... Over 2.3 million people voted... And the support went overwhelmingly to one candidate, Maria Corina Machado; The U.S. government has very clearly said that it supports Guyana; ニコラス・マドゥロ; Essequibo; エセキボ; 》
[17:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Nobel laureate Claudia Goldin’s takeaways from her research on women and work
今年のノーベル経済学賞受賞者のクラウディア・ゴールディン／授賞式を明日に控え、その研究の要点を聞く
This year’s Nobel laureates are set to receive their medals Sunday in a time-honored ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden. Among them will be Harvard professor Claudia Goldin, winner of the Nobel Prize in economics for her research on women in the American workforce. Economics correspondent Paul Solman speaks with Goldin about her trailblazing work.
《one against-the-grain finding that Rosie the Riveter was not a main driver; the most accurate image of Rosie, says Goldin, is Norman Rockwell's -- a temporary wartime factory worker whose job was to crush Hitler underfoot, not the now more famous image; the birth control pill, Goldin says. Easier access to the pill in the 1970's helped more women pursue life outside the home. it gave to women who were graduating from college the ability to have more time to form their careers, either in the workplace or by going to professional or graduate school. It led to -- causally led to an increase in the age at first marriage. And that meant that one could concentrate more on careers, and have the family later; today, with more than 77% of women in the workforce, up from 28% in 1940. And yet the gender wage gap has not closed all that much. Women earn 82 cents for every man's dollar. Some 20 years ago they earned 80 cents on the dollar; when men and women begin their lives as workers, they earned similar amounts. And as their lives progress, these differences widen. I mean, that is a fact; much of this occurs around the time of the birth of a child. That explains a large part of the widening gap between men and women as men and women get older. What women, particularly those who are mothers, lose relative to men who are fathers is not fully made up; fathers not only work more hours and thus make more money than mothers, they also make more than single men... there are several possibilities but the one that seems most believable is they somehow internally decide that they should rev up their energies to earn more, provide for the growing group of children; that was the story until the pandemic, which may now cause the pay gap to narrow; greedy jobs have gotten more flexible and flexible jobs have gotten more productive; I have the sense that this is not just my Nobel. It is a Nobel for women in general and, for that, I am very pleased; 》
[18:23] Goldin's Nobel prize is for her work on the economics of women and, in particular, the increasing role of women in the workplace.
>> It happened that a woman's delicate touch enabled her even to excel men in certain precision operations.
>> One against-the-grain finding that Rosie the Riveter was not a main driver.
[** Rosie the Riveter is an allegorical cultural icon in the United States who represents the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
ロージー・ザ・リベッター ]
[21:43] Mom and dad are equally educated, equally able, working what Goldin calls greedy jobs, [** greedy jobとは何かを簡単に説明している部分 ] 100-hour weeks and skyhigh pay.