今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.01☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 30, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[02:29]★今日のおすすめ★ UNICEF leader describes Israel-Hamas war's brutal impact on children in Gaza
イスラエルとハマスの戦い５５日目／人質解放を受けて一時停戦を少し延長、２日間の追加延長交渉中／残酷な戦争、子どもへの影響についてユニセフ事務局長キャサリン・ラッセルに聞く
Hamas freed more Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinians held by Israel after an 11th-hour deal extended the temporary Gaza ceasefire through Thursday night. The conflict has had the deadliest impact on children with more than 5,300 reportedly killed. Geoff Bennett discussed the brutal impact of this war on its youngest victims with UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell.
《UNICEF says more than 5,300 kids in Gaza have been reportedly killed. That means more than 115 children have died every single day of the war. And during the October 7 Hamas attacks, 35 Israeli children were killed and more than 30 were abducted; UNICEF has called Gaza a graveyard for children; ユニセフ事務局長 》
[09:39] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Former President Trump is under a gag order again in his civil fraud trial in New York, Sen. Tommy Tuberville is signaling he's ready to end his blockade of hundreds of high-level military nominations and Meta says it has eliminated a network of fake Facebook accounts designed to increase political divisions in the U.S.
《In Russia, that country's Supreme Court today banned what it called the international LGBT movement in a long-running crackdown on gay, lesbian, and transgender rights; The OPEC Plus members announced they will maintain and add new cuts totaling more than two million barrels a day, through the first quarter of 2024. They also announced that Brazil will join the alliance in January; The Commerce Department reported consumer prices were unchanged from September to October. Year over year, prices were up 3 percent, the slowest pace in 2.5 years; the Labor Department said the number of people collecting jobless benefits hit a two-year high in mid-November, at nearly two million; OPECプラス; オペックプラス; トミー・タベルヴィル; 》
[10:05] Senator Tommy Tuberville is signaling he's ready to end his blockade of hundreds of high-level military nominations. The Alabama Republican has been holding up promotions for nearly a year. He's trying to force an end to paying for U.S. troops to travel for abortions. [** 関連ニュース ] Today, though, at the U.S. Capitol, he said he'd like to get some of the promotions moving in the next week or so.
[12:56] The Dow Jones industrial average gained one point today to close near 35951.
[** この部分について、動画サイトに次のように訂正があります。
Correction: In our look at the day's headlines, we mistakenly said the Dow gained one point today. We should have said 1 percent. We regret the error.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6qkFOs4Y0 ]
[13:41]★今日のおすすめ★ U.N. climate conference opens amid skepticism world will move away from fossil fuels
COP28(国連気候変動枠組条約第28回締約国会議)がドバイで開幕
The United Nations Climate Conference, COP28, began Thursday in the United Arab Emirates. Negotiators from nearly 200 countries are hoping to hammer out agreements to limit the pollution that’s warming the planet, and to agree on aid for the nations most impacted by climate change. William Brangham reports.
《 there was some news today. There was a fund for the first time established to try to offer some aid to those nations; critics contend that this cost of inaction is an unacceptable cost to pay; ●16:41～ Christiana Figueres, Former Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; We are absolutely terrible about dealing with chronic threats, despite the fact that they may be life-threatening. But if they're chronic and sustained over time and gradually hitting us, we're just terrible at that. We can't deal with that. And so the new muscle that we have to exercise here is, how do we deploy those measures and that decision, that commitment that we bring to acute threats, to get through acute threats, how do we deploy it for chronic threats? That is the lesson that we have to learn; The worry about energy dependence pushes countries toward domestic energy production that, by and large, is actually renewable energy direction; Since the war in Ukraine, we have seen investment into renewable energies worldwide go up. Two years ago, we had $1 trillion invested in fossil fuels, still, oh, my God. This year, we still have $1 trillion invested into oil and gas and $1.7 trillion into renewables. Why? Because that actually strengthens energy independence. That strengthens security, strategic national security; Ukraine is a tragedy and completely cannot be justified under any account, absolutely, and it has had a very interesting accelerating effect on the energy system of the world. It has accelerated the decarbonization of the energy system; we are, frankly, on a race here between two exponential curves, the exponential curve of solutions, which I have just described, but also the exponential curve of the negative effects that we're seeing. So, we are seeing two exponential curves that, in my book, are racing against each other. When they're going to intersect, we don't know. But we do know which of those exponential curves has to win the race; 国連気候変動枠組条約;》
[15:12] I mean, U.N. Secretary Antonio Guterres has been very harsh about wealthy nations that talk a good game and fail to deliver.
[** to talk a good game = To speak very convincingly about one's plans, abilities, or intentions, especially when one's actions don't live up to one's words (thefreedictionary) ]
[15:45] Now, that transition is happening. Renewable energy is coming on like gangbusters, as my mom likes to say.
[** to come on like gangbusters = To do something with a lot of energy and enthusiasm. Primarily heard in US ]
[16:05] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: People argue, why are you having a climate change conference in a state known, in a nation known for exporting oil and gas? The president of the current COP, Sultan Al Jaber, is an oil executive in the UAE. And so people argue this is a classic example of the fox guarding the henhouse. The BBC and the Center for Climate Reporting reported that he was found trying to make oil and gas deals in the lead-up to this event. So people are dubious of what might come out of this.
[** fox guarding the henhouse = A person likely to exploit the information or resources that they have been charged to protect or control.]
[23:42]★今日のおすすめ★ A look at the consequential and controversial legacy of Henry Kissinger (1923-2023)
ヘンリー・キッシンジャー元国務長官死去／光と影の足跡
Henry Kissinger, America’s most consequential and controversial Secretary of State, died Wednesday at the age of 100. He reached the peak of his power in the 1970s and remained highly influential until the very end. Nick Schifrin reports.
《Heinz Alfred Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923 to a Jewish family. When he was 15, they fled Nazi Germany for New York; He was drafted into the American military, and deployed to his home country to help with denazification; He taught at Harvard, giving him access to elite foreign policy circles, until President Richard Nixon named him national security adviser and later, simultaneously, secretary of state; The moment that would make him famous led to what Nixon called the week that changed the world, a secret 1971 trip to Beijing, ending more than two decades of mutual hostility. The next year, Nixon made his own trip, setting a path to U.S.-China normalization; Kissinger aide and later Ambassador to China Winston Lord; before he could end the Vietnam War, Kissinger had expanded it. Beginning in 1969, the U.S. secretly bombed Cambodia to try and disrupt North Vietnamese supply routes. The campaign is estimated to have killed hundreds of thousands of civilians; GREG GRANDIN: He ( = Kissinger) had a remarkable indifference to human suffering; Greg Grandin is a professor of history at Yale and author of the book "Kissinger's Shadow: The Long Reach of America's Most Controversial Statesman"; Kissinger and Nixon unnecessarily extended the Vietnam War by four years; His secret and illegal bombing of Cambodia resulted in 100,000 civilian deaths. But, more than that, it radicalized what had been a small nucleus of extremely militant communists. That brought Pol Pot to power. And that led to the killing fields and the millions dead; By 1973, Kissinger and his team negotiated an end to the Vietnam War in Paris... The moment allowed Kissinger to share the Nobel Peace Prize with his North Vietnamese counterpart; But, two years later, the U.S. fled Saigon, and North Vietnam and Vietcong troops conquered U.S.-ally South Vietnam; In October 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel on Yom Kippur. Kissinger held so many regional meetings, he helped create the term shuttle diplomacy; Kissinger's concern over communism and his realpolitik peaked in Chile. In 1973, the U.S. helped the military overthrow the democratically elected socialist government and install General Augusto Pinochet. Pinochet's military dictatorship caused the death, disappearance, and torture of more than 40,000 Chileans; Kissinger's Cold War strategy called for detente with the Soviet Union. In 1972, President Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev signed SALT, the first limits on Soviet and U.S. ballistic missiles and ballistic missile defense; After Nixon's resignation, he remained President Ford's secretary of state; to his critics, Kissinger symbolized the pursuit of order over justice and the kind of preemptive action that paved the way for continuous war; 》
[28:55] Kissinger's concern over communism and his realpolitik peaked in Chile. In 1973, the U.S. helped the military overthrow the democratically elected socialist government and install General Augusto Pinochet. Pinochet's military dictatorship caused the death, disappearance, and torture of more than 40,000 Chileans. But Kissinger's priority was preventing communist dominoes from falling,
[** Realpolitik (... from German real 'realistic, practical, actual', and Politik 'politics') is the approach of conducting diplomatic or political policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than strictly following ideological, moral, or ethical premises...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realpolitik ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) レアルポリティーク、現実政治 ]
[29:32] We believed that the establishment of a Castroite regime in Chile would create a sequence of events in all of at least the Southern Cone of Latin America that would be extremely inimical to the national interests of the United States, at a time when the Cold War was at its height.
[** The Southern Cone (Spanish: Cono Sur, Portuguese: Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cone ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) コーノ・スール ]
[32:04]★今日のおすすめ★ Musk lashes out at advertisers leaving X over rise in hate speech
イーロン・マスク、広告主のX離れにキレる／ヘイト発言擁護のツケ／Xの破産申請は時間の問題か
Elon Musk is dialing up the pressure on X after cursing advertisers who paused ads on the social media platform. The advertising freeze from major companies like Disney and Apple came after Musk endorsed an antisemitic conspiracy theory on X earlier this month. He denied the accusation of antisemitism and told companies not to advertise. Geoff Bennett discussed more with Bobby Allyn of NPR.
《Remember, 90 percent of X's revenue comes from advertisers; Linda Yaccarino, who was brought in as X's new CEO, has been trying to court some of those fleeing advertisers back to the platform; it's not a matter of if, but when X files for bankruptcy; Musk even said himself from that very stage that advertisers are going to kill the company; the U.S. government can't seem to quit Elon Musk, even if it wanted to. The Pentagon needs his satellites. NASA needs his rockets. The Biden White House needs his electric vehicles as a key component of this green economy that they're trying to promote; so many of his (= Musk's) companies are woven into the fabric of American culture and are so sort of inextricably linked to national security interests; Elon's shadow rule; some U.S. government officials say it's just too late. We wish we could have done something sooner, but this entrepreneur just has so many deep inroads into the federal government at this point; 》
[32:34] He even called out the CEO of Disney, Bob Iger, who was at the event.
QUESTION: You don't want them to advertise?
ELON MUSK (Owner, X): No.
QUESTION: What do you mean?
ELON MUSK: If somebody's going to try to blackmail me with advertising, blackmail me with money, go (EXPLETIVE DELETED) yourself.
[** to call out = to challenge, criticize, denounce ]
[** Go fuck yourself = Go to hell; Get lost; ]
[33:54] But now we have the world's richest man, who runs X, literally telling the brands to go eff themselves, cursing them out. [* to curse out = To use profane or vulgar language toward someone as a reprimand or verbal attack ] I can't imagine this does anything but make the problem much worse. And Musk even said himself from that very stage that advertisers are going to kill the company.
[** eff = fuckの婉曲表現]
[35:03] And she issued a statement today saying that X is at the sort of unique and amazing intersection of Main Street and free speech, right? She's trying to spin her boss' comments in the most positive way possible.
[** to spin = to present, describe, or interpret, or to introduce a bias or slant, so as to give something a favorable or advantageous appearance; なんらかの思惑があって、事実を都合よく解釈したり、歪曲したり、論点をすり替えたりして、もっともらしいことを言う。あるいは、その言葉 ]
[37:11] So the government has no choice but to play nice and to do business with this very mercurial, erratic business leader who is becoming increasingly unhinged by the day. And some U.S. government officials say it's just too late. We wish we could have done something sooner, but this entrepreneur just has so many deep inroads into the federal government at this point.
[** unhinged = unstable, unbalanced, deranged ]
[37:51] Simone Leigh's work explores how Black women have been misrepresented in art and culture
シモン・リー、アフリカ系アメリカ人女性アーティスト／芸術や文化の中の間違ったアフリカ系女性像
Last year, artist Simone Leigh represented the U.S. at what is widely considered the world’s most important exhibition of contemporary art, the Venice Biennale. She was the first Black woman to have that honor. Now, there’s a chance to see her work in a retrospective touring the country. Jeffrey Brown meets the artist for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
[42:02] JEFFREY BROWN: Cupboard [* 作品名] itself plays off the racist imagery of Mammy's Cupboard in Natchez, Mississippi, captured in a 1941 photo by Edward Weston.
[** to play off = To respond to the traits of something (exploiting them advantageously). 対照させる ]
[* Mammy's Cupboard (founded 1940) is a roadside restaurant built in the shape of a mammy archetype, located on US Highway 61 south of Natchez, Mississippi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammy's_Cupboard]
[44:04] 'Ghost gear' piles up in the Gulf of Maine amid plastic onslaught on oceans
再放送： ゴーストギア(放棄、投棄、逸失された漁具)問題
この部分は再放送です。今回は省略された部分があるので、前回放送の方を見ることをお勧めします。語句説明もそこにあります。
Abandoned fishing gear, often called "ghost gear," is breaking down in our oceans and adding to the problems brought by plastics and microplastics. But there was a recent effort to get the United Nations to enforce tougher regulations, and a coalition announced new funding to remove some debris in the Gulf of Maine. Science correspondent Miles O'Brien reports.
Correction: This piece identified "Net Your Problem" as a nonprofit. It is a for-profit company. We regret the error.
[50:53] How Hawaii students convinced schools to provide free menstrual products
ハワイの公立学校やチャーター・スクールで生理用品を無料提供
It took many years of effort from students and advocates, but Hawaii is now one of nine states requiring public and charter schools to provide free menstrual products to students. Kate Nakamura from the PBS NewsHour Student Reporting Labs has the story.
《Not being able to afford menstrual products is known as period poverty; It took several years of lobbying, but students and advocates celebrated a victory in June 2022, when legislation requiring the Hawaii Department of Education to provide free menstrual products in public and charter schools was signed by the governor; 》
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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