今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.05☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 4, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:41] Largest healthcare strike in U.S. history underway as workers protest wages and staffing
The largest healthcare worker strike in U.S. history is underway after Kaiser Permanente and its unionized employees failed to reach a new contract agreement. The strike is set to last three days as contract negotiations continue. Workers say they are focusing on wage increases and solutions to staffing shortages. Geoff Bennett spoke with union director Caroline Lucas.
《米史上最大の医療従事者ストライキ; Kaiser Permanente employees; Caroline Lucas, executive director of the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions; 》
[07:31] It looks like incentivizing off-shifts, night shift, weekend shifts that are really hard to staff right now, partly because differentials haven't changed in 30 years.
[** differential = 少しあと(07:57～)に説明が出て来る // ネット上に次のような説明があった differential = shift differential = Shift differential pay is extra compensation for employees who work a less desirable shift, such as evening or midnight shifts... https://www.patriotsoftware.com/blog/payroll/shift-differential/ ]
[08:32] News Wrap
Pope Francis kicked off a meeting on the future of the Catholic Church with his reform agenda on the line, President Biden hinted he may try to bypass Congress to get more money for Ukraine and this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry goes to three scientists whose research lit up the world of nanotechnology.
《Trump appealed the New York judge's ruling that he committed fraud by inflating the value of his assets for banks and insurers; President Biden hinted today he may try to bypass Congress to get more money for Ukraine; Pope Francis kicked off a meeting on the future of the Roman Catholic Church with his reform agenda on the line... issues ranging from women's roles to LGBTQ+ Catholics to climate change; Police in India have arrested the editor of a news outlet (NewsClick) that criticizes the Hindu nationalist government; this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry, Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus, and Alexei Ekimov; quantum dots; Mourners in San Francisco paid final respects today to the late Senator Dianne Feinstein, as she lay in state at city hall; ローマ教皇フランシスコ; ローマ法王; ムンジ・バウェンディ; ルイス・ブルース; アレクセイ・エキモフ; ノーベル化学賞; 量子ドット; 》
[09:16] At the Vatican today, Pope Francis kicked off a meeting on the future of the Roman Catholic Church with his reform agenda on the line. The three-week synod will cover issues ranging from women's roles to LGBTQ+ Catholics to climate change.
[** synod = an ecclesiastical governing or advisory council ]
[12:34]★今日のおすすめ★ Republicans face unclear choice for new House speaker after ouster of McCarthy
Two candidates are entering the Republican race to be the next Speaker of the House, but it's unclear how long it will take to find a successor to the ousted Kevin McCarthy. Congressional Correspondent Lisa Desjardins reports on the historic events unfolding on Capitol Hill and Geoff Bennett discusses the future of the House Republican Conference with Rep. Nicole Malliotakis of New York.
《次の下院議長選び; 最短で来週水曜に投票; Steve Scalise, the current number two Republican in the House, and Jim Jordan, well-known as the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. The other name, you may be less familiar with. That's Kevin Hern of Oklahoma. He does head a very large Republican Study Committee, but he's only been in Congress for three terms; The soonest we could have a new speaker nominated is next Wednesday; most people believe that no bills can move on the House floor until there is an elected speaker; right now the House is essentially paralyzed; McCarthy has not decided whether he will resign from Congress; マッカーシー前議長は議員辞職するか検討中; マッカーシー前議長解任に反対したNicole Malliotakis議員へのインタビュー; スティーブ・スカリース; ジム・ジョーダン; ケビン・ハーン; 》
[17:24] We're seeing gerrymandering, making districts more partisan. We're seeing more people rewarded for going to the ends and extremes, especially in the Republican Party.
[** to gerrymander = to divide (a geographic area) into voting districts in a way that gives one party an unfair advantage in elections. < After the US Politician Governor Elbridge Gerry who was associated with a constituency said to resemble a salamander ]
[22:06] And when this one individual [* = Matt Gaetz ] sided with just a handful of Republicans and all the Democrats, including the socialist Squad, against our own conference, that was an unfortunate circumstance, something that should have never happened, particularly at this pressing time, when we have so much work to do to pass the remaining appropriation bills.
[** Squad = The Squad is a group of eight Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives... The Squad has been said to represent the advocacy of progressive policies by the younger political generation, such as Medicare for All, the Green New Deal, full student loan debt cancellation, expansion of the United States Supreme Court... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Squad_(United_States_Congress) ]
[23:04] The speaker reaffirmed that to us yesterday. But he had said to the conference that, look, we really want to secure our border. That's the House's number one ask. The Senate's number one ask is not anything for America. It's actually the fund Ukraine.
[** ask (名詞) = 求めるもの。要求 ]
[25:01]★今日のおすすめ★ Trump amplifies violent rhetoric against his perceived enemies as civil fraud trial begins
The civil trial accusing Donald Trump of fraud is underway in New York. The case has become a vehicle for the former president and frontrunner for the GOP nomination to amplify violent rhetoric against his perceived enemies from judges to legal clerks and the attorney general. White House Correspondent Laura Barron-Lopez reports.
《トランプの暴力発言激化; Arthur Engoron, the judge in the New York case accusing Trump of fraud, imposed a gag order on Trump yesterday; Trump baselessly accused the law clerk of having a relationship with Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and also said, "This law clerk is running the case against me."; Trump directing some of his most derogatory attacks against officials of color; attacking New York Attorney General Letitia James; when Trump talks about Black jurists, Black judges, Black prosecutors, he uses words like racists, animals, rabid, thugs; Trump said, migrants are -- quote -- "poisoning the blood of our country"; echoing the language used in Nazi propaganda by Adolf Hitler when Adolf Hitler actually said that Jewish people and migrants were -- quote -- "causing a blood poisoning" -- end quote -- of Germany ； this rhetoric directly leads to violence; this not only normalizes violent rhetoric, but it also encourages violence; アドルフ・ヒトラー; 》
[27:25] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Violent rhetoric, again, is a feature, not a bug of Trump's campaigning style.
[** = a feature not a bug = “A feature, not a bug” describes something that seems like a flaw, but is in fact intentional (plainenglish.com) ]
[30:00] Biden unveils new student debt forgiveness plan as deadline for resuming payments kicks in
President Biden has been using existing, targeted programs to cancel student debt after the Supreme Court struck down his original plan in June. Wednesday, he announced another $9 billion in forgiveness for 125,000 borrowers and the Education Department is also making another attempt at mass relief. John Yang discussed the latest with Danielle Douglas-Gabriel.
《新しい学生ローン返済免除策; Danielle Douglas-Gabriel, Washington Post; income-driven repayment plan, dubbed SAVE; 》
[ 関連ニュース ]
[33:41] DANIELLE DOUGLAS-GABRIEL: I mean, certainly, rolling out this most recent income-driven repayment plan, dubbed SAVE, is a pretty big step in trying to make it easier for borrowers to afford their payment. This is by far the most generous repayment plan on the market in terms of protecting more of an individual's income in the calculation of their monthly payments.
[** income-driven repayment = Income-based repayment or income-driven-repayment (IDR) is a student loan repayment program in the United States that regulates the amount that one needs to pay each month based on one's current income and family size...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income-based_repayment ]
[34:20] But to the administration's credit, they have offered effectively a 12-month grace period, whereby, if borrowers are having a hard time with their payments, it won't be reported to the credit bureaus, and they won't, like, end up in collection. So those are important steps to make sure that you don't have a huge spike in delinquencies.
[** collection = debt collection ]
[35:20] Because, depending on how much money you're making, especially if you're unemployed at this moment, you could qualify for zero monthly payments, but still receive credit towards having the balance of your loans forgiven. And that's a big difference than, say, going on forbearance, which is also a viable option for a lot of people, postponing your payments until you can afford them.
[** forbearance = a refraining from the enforcement of something (such as a debt, right, or obligation) that is due. (債権者の権利行使の)差し控え ]
[36:51]★今日のおすすめ★ Guatemalan President-elect Arévalo discusses effort to keep him from taking office
Guatemala is Central America’s largest country and is critical to U.S. efforts to control regional migration. In August, the country elected an anti-corruption activist who vows to take on elites that have weakened the judiciary and persecuted Guatemalan journalists and activists. Nick Schifrin spoke with president-elect Bernardo Arevalo in his first English language interview since the election.
《グアテマラのベルナルド・アレバロ次期大統領へのインタビュー; President-elect Bernardo Arevalo; Arevalo is a former university professor and an outsider; his father is former President Juan Jose Arevalo, who gave birth in the 1950s to Guatemala's first Democratic spring after a century of dictatorship; Bernardo Arevalo's party is called Seed Movement that hopes to grow a new spring for democracy; 》
[37:18] NICK SCHIFRIN: When the pact of the corrupt came for Guatemala's democracy, they missed the crusader. Bernardo Arevalo told Guatemalans, yes, they could fight corruption. And, in August's election, Arevalo and his party came out of nowhere to overcome a political establishment that had tried to silence them.
[** < The "pact of the corrupt" is how Guatemalan civic organizations have described the collusion of economic, political and military interests at the head of the "Loot-State," a complicity that ensures its own impunity through the purging of legal institutions. The irregularities are so obvious, the links with organized crime so undeniable, that the international community itself has routinely expressed profound concern...
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2023/07/26/guatemala-elections-the-irregularities-are-so-obvious-that-the-international-community-routinely-expresses-profound-concern_6067205_23.html ]
[46:08 ] How teenagers' lack of sleep is taking a toll on their mental health
Research has found that teenagers should be getting eight to ten hours of sleep every night. But many are sleeping far less than that and nearly one in four also suffer from insomnia. William Brangham reports on why it's so hard for so many teens to sleep, and why it's taking a toll on their mental health. It’s part of our ongoing series, Early Warnings: America’s Youth Mental Health Crisis.
《ティーンエイジャーの睡眠不足と心の健康; While there are multiple factors causing 40 percent of high-school students to report having persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, ... sleep is a major culprit; Last year, California became the first state in the nation to mandate that classes begin no earlier than 8:30; Is it that the mental health concerns or issues cause poor sleep, or is it the other way around?; students who perform well in school academically often sleep less, and are more likely to face mental health issues compared to their well-rested peers; students who sleep less than six hours a night are three times as likely to consider or attempt suicide compared to students who sleep eight hours; circadian rhythm; 》