今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.18☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 17, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:31]★今日のおすすめ★ Israeli airstrike leaves at least 40 dead in southern city once a refuge for Gazans
イスラエルとハマスの戦い４２日目
United Nations officials said starvation is a possibility in Gaza as they were forced to stop food and aid deliveries due to a lack of fuel. Israel said it will allow two tankers a day to enter for UN operations, about half what they need, just for the most vital operations. This happens as Palestinian officials announced the death toll has surpassed 12,000. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
[07:34] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
In our news wrap Friday, President Biden signed a temporary spending bill to avert a government shutdown for at least two more months, Ukraine's military says it's making gains in the Kherson region, flooding in eastern Africa has claimed the lives of at least 130 people and former First Lady Rosalynn Carter is in hospice care at her home in Plains, Georgia.
《The bill (= temporary spending bill) notably does not include a White House request for wartime aid to Israel and Ukraine; Honda is recalling more than 250,000 vehicles in the U.S. for potential crash risks. The automaker warned bearings could cause engines to lag or stall; つなぎ予算案; 政府閉鎖回避; ホンダリコール; クリスマスツリー》
[10:22] And it is beginning to look a lot like Christmas today in Washington, with the arrival of this year's Capitol Christmas tree. The 63-foot Norway spruce made the journey all the way from West Virginia's Monongahela National Park. Each year, a different national park provides the tree for the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol. The holiday tradition dates all the way back to 1964.
[** この部分について、動画サイトに次のように訂正があります。Correction: In this segment, we said the Capitol Christmas Tree came from the Monongahela National Park. It is a national forest. We regret the error.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqhmrY7zhDk ]
[11:21] Protests against Atlanta's 'Cop City' continue despite crackdown demonstrations
警察・消防訓練センター「Cop City」建設への反対運動、その背景
Dozens of people in Atlanta are facing racketeering charges in connection with protests over what they call Cop City, a proposed training center for police and firefighters. Demonstrations against the 85-acre proposal have been going on for more than two years and more opponents gathered this week calling for a halt to the project. William Brangham discussed the latest with Chamian Cruz of WABE.
《In January, protester Manuel Teran was killed in a gunfight with police as they were clearing out a site where activists were camped.; This summer, the state's attorney general, Chris Carr, obtained a sweeping indictment using the state's anti-racketeering law, charging 61 protesters and characterizing them as -- quote -- "militant anarchists."; it's going in this area where it is surrounded by low-income majority-Black neighborhoods. And people say that it's going to disproportionately affect these people. I mean, a lot of people say they don't want to hear officers firing their guns and training in their backyards; There is a public referendum that opponents have been gathering signatures for, and they hope that that will get to the ballot and be voted on. This is something that Atlanta's mayor, Andre Dickens, has dismissed; once the organizers submitted 116,000, signatures, which is double the amount that they needed to get the issue on the ballot, now the case is in legal limbo. And he (= the mayor) said that it's invalid, and the city has refused to begin verifying these signatures; there's actually a hearing scheduled for next month where a judge will determine next steps; 》
[11:48] This summer, the state's attorney general, Chris Carr, obtained a sweeping indictment using the state's anti-racketeering law, charging 61 protesters and characterizing them as -- quote -- "militant anarchists."
[** 関連ニュース ]
[17:28]★今日のおすすめ★ Jonathan Karl explores Trump's grasp on GOP in new book, 'Tired of Winning'
新刊本『Tired of Winning: Donald Trump and the End of the Grand Old Party』、著者Jonathan Karlに聞く
With a year before Election Day, polls show former President Trump continues to lead the Republican field and could likely be the party’s nominee to challenge President Joe Biden. Jonathan Karl is ABC's chief Washington correspondent and the author of, "Tired of Winning: Donald Trump and the End of the Grand Old Party." He joined Amna Nawaz to discuss Trump's influence over Republicans.
《Trump today has remade the party in his own image; Kevin McCarthy went down to visit him eight days after he left the White House. I think, largely, the calculus, he wanted to get Trump's support, at least not have Trump working against him, so he could become speaker of the House; The other, though, was Ronna McDaniel. Trump threatened -- the day that he left the White House on January 20, 2021, he threatened to leave the Republican Party and start his own party. And Ronna McDaniel, like, begged him to stay in. And then when that didn't work, she threatened him. Her and the leadership of the RNC made it clear they were going to stop paying his legal bills and they were going to make it virtually impossible for him to raise money the way he had been raising money using their mailing list. And Trump relented and he stayed in the party; they (= McCarthy and McDaniel) felt that they needed to bring him in, to keep him in, because, if he left, the hardcore supporters, even if it wasn't a majority of the party at that point, would leave, and they would have a hard time winning. Well, guess what? He stayed, and then they went and lost over and over and over again; I think it's an ominous time. This is actually a different Trump. Many of the characteristics are the same, but he is far more willing even than he was on January 6, I think, to trash the norms of American democracy, the things that make American democracy work; the people that stood up to him have been exiled from the Republican Party; 》
[22:16] I mean, what if McCarthy had said, good riddance, we're not -- I'm not going to go back there and kiss the ring again, I'm not going to -- Trump's gone, we have to move forward?
[** to kiss the ring = kiss someone's ring = to express servitude to someone; to make a gesture of deference, fealty, or genuflection to a person of power or authority ]
[24:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Arab and Muslim Americans on how U.S. support for Israel could affect their votes in 2024
バイデン政権のイスラエル・ハマス戦争への対応にアラブ系やイスラム教徒の有権者が憤慨。大統領選激戦州ミシガンでバイデンに不利になる可能性
President Biden’s response to the ongoing Israeli-Hamas war has angered Muslim and Arab Americans. Those voters represent a key block for Democrats that helped Biden win in the swing state of Michigan in 2020. We hear from some of those voters and Laura Barron-Lopez discusses the political ramifications with Wa’el Alzayat, the CEO of Emgage, a Muslim advocacy group.
《Muslim and Arab leaders are warning the Democratic Party that if President Biden doesn't change his approach, he may lose their support in 2024; The Muslim American community in 2020, according to the Emgage impact polling that we conducted following the elections, found that 85 percent of Muslim voters, those who actually cast a ballot, said that they voted for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris; And now they feel that betrayal, that having, supported an administration that said that they value democracy and will confront authoritarianism, uphold human rights, is essentially giving a carte blanche to someone like Bibi Netanyahu to commit war crimes, and which have produced incredible carnage and devastation; 》
[27:04] RAISA FATIMA: I don't think our elected officials are doing enough to address the harm of the type of rhetoric they're using. And we're seeing very real consequences, even just within the United States. There's a 6-year-old boy who was killed in Chicago. [** 関連ニュース ] There's been a rise in Islamophobia.
[27:54] The censure of Rashida Tlaib, [** 関連ニュース ] it's emblematic of the censorship of Muslim voices in America.
[28:00] SUEHAILA AMEN: There has always been a push post-9/11 to have us sitting at the table so that our voices were heard, but yet we're seeing today, especially, that all of those conversations and all of the opportunities that we have had to have our voice heard hasn't -- has only fallen upon deaf ears. Why are we even bothering to have a seat at the table and bothering to share our voices, when no one's actually listening to anything that we have to say and then continue to misinterpret, misconstrue or misuse the words that we do share? And it's putting us in a position where you're damned if you do, damned if you don't.
[** damned if you do, damned if you don't = Every possible action (or inaction) would result in a negative outcome or cause you trouble; there is no course of action that does not have a drawback (thefreedictionary). 何かをするかどうか考えている時、しても問題があるし、しなくてもまた別の問題がある。どちらを選んでも不都合なことがある状況。]
[32:52] Look, Joe Biden and the Democrats built a big tent party, right?
[** big tent = a widely inclusive composition or character that allows people of differing backgrounds, opinions, and interests to be members of a group or organization (such as a political party) (Merriam-Webster) ]
[34:08] WA'EL ALZAYAT: He can call for a cease-fire, but also he can absolutely not give $14 billion to Bibi Netanyahu to spend as he pleased. We can condition the support. We can make sure that they are abiding by Leahy vetting, [** Leahy vetting = 以前の番組に出てきました ] which ensures that U.S. weapons and money is not ending up harming or killing civilians.
[34:51]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on what Biden accomplished in his meeting with Xi
金曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Amna Nawaz to discuss the week in politics, including what President Biden accomplished during his meeting with Chinese President Xi, polls showing growing disapproval of the U.S. response to the Israel-Hamas war and compromise on Capitol Hill helps avert a government shutdown.
《the Chinese economy is suffering. For the first time in 40 years, the U.S. economy is growing faster in the Chinese economy. The Chinese economy has the -- this real estate crash. And so it really needs American investment and Western investment and ... things they can export; there seems to be a sense that that sense of triumphalism that could lead him to the hubris and to an invasion of Taiwan, it seems a little less likely now; Within the Democratic Party, you're seeing this rupture between progressives, who tend to be younger, and liberals, who tend to be older; 》
[35:40] You can't have the two global superpowers at each other's throats, as they have been over the last year, with Chinese military planes buzzing U.S. military planes, and other things that have been happening.
[** to buzz = to fly an aircraft very close to or across the path of (another aircraft), esp to warn or intimidate ]
[40:57] And then, more on the progressive side, they have shifted and adopted a policy which has not been the traditional Democratic policy of, more or less, one state. "From the river to the sea" is what gets chanted.
[** "From the river to the sea" ... is a political slogan that refers geographically to the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, which currently includes the State of Israel and the Palestinian territories... The slogan's usage by … Palestinian militant groups has led critics to argue that the slogan implicitly advocates for the dismantling of Israel, the denial of Jewish self-determination and a call for the ethnic cleansing or genocide of the Jewish population...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea ]
[41:17] And I think it's not only on the Middle East. On a bunch of other issues, you're seeing this beginning -- this rupture between progressives, who tend to be younger, and liberals, who tend to be older. And we're seeing it in spades in the case of Israel-Gaza policy.
[** in spades = In large quantity or to an extreme degree ]
[41:58] JONATHAN CAPEHART: Look, I was a big skeptic, very skeptical of the new speaker's ability to avert a government shutdown. I was preparing for a government shutdown. And, instead, he came up with this odd, laddered, whatchamacallit thing that he...
AMNA NAWAZ: We have a new phrase here, right?
JONATHAN CAPEHART: What's it called, laddered C...
AMNA NAWAZ: It's a laddered continuing resolution.
[** whatchamacallit < what you might call it ]
[** laddered continuing resolution = laddered C.R. = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[42:46] And so I see the speaker as being in -- right in the middle of a vise, motion to vacate on one side, and on the other side, a bunch of Democrats who are willing to help him govern the country and keep the government open as long as he keeps doing the right thing.
[** motion to vacate = 以前の番組に説明があります ]
[45:51] Maui faces water rights questions as island continues wildfire recovery
マウイ島山火事から３ヵ月。復興が続く中、長年の水利権問題が再燃
The deadly wildfires that tore through Maui destroyed thousands of structures and killed 100 people. But as William Brangham reports, they also reignited a long-simmering concern among Native Hawaiians over who controls one of their most precious natural resources, water.
《We believe that we come from this plant (= taro, or kalo), that it is our elder brother, and we will do anything and everything in our power to protect it; For more than 100 years, growing kalo here was nearly impossible because, in the 19th century, sugar plantations founded by Americans and Europeans diverted streams across the island to irrigate their fields; in addition to the historic water diversions that went on here, the fight over water is now also complicated by climate change and reduced rainfall and increased drought; Hawaii's Constitution protects water as a public trust, but, today, some of Maui's water systems, including three-quarters of West Maui's, remain under control of water and development companies, some of which are direct descendants of plantations; Sugar plantation is gone, right? But it's only been replaced with lawns and golf courses and hotels and large water users; Sproat (= University of Hawaii Law Professor Kapua'ala Sproat ) helped successfully represent Pellegrino and other Native Hawaiians in part of an almost 20-year legal fight to restore water to four historic streams; But when the wildfires swept through Lahaina, killing 100 people and destroying thousands of buildings, some raised questions about whether those legal fights over water made this disaster worse. During the fire, the administration of Hawaii's Democratic governor, Josh Green, suspended the state's water code and, with it, protections for Native farmers water rights. The next day, a major real estate developer, the West Maui Land Company, asked state officials if it could permanently reduce the amount of water it had to provide those farmers. West Maui made the request for -- quote -- "fire suppression in our community." Soon after, Governor Green seemed to echo those concerns; Advocates say they have never opposed diverting water needed to fight fires and argue they're not to blame for this tragedy; I think West Maui Land Company used this tragic time and people's hurt and pain, thinking that we'd be distracted, to try and push their agenda of trying to regain this water that they lost, and Josh Green helped them out; West Maui Land Company rejects those assertions; Several weeks after the fires, officials reinstated the state's water code; 》