今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.04☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
PBS News Weekend Sept. 3, 2023
週末版の字幕はいつも間違いや省略が非常に多いのですが、今日は、比較的少なかったので字幕ファイルを作りました。
オリジナルの字幕は大文字表記のものを使ったので、今日の字幕ファイルはすべて大文字表記にしました。
比較用に、訂正前のオリジナルの字幕もアップロードしておきます。
動画サイトの週末版の字幕は、翌日以降に比較的正確なものに差し替えられるようです。
このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS News Weekend Sept. 3, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
[00:00] Introduction
[01:56] News Wrap
Russia attacked a Ukrainian port city on the eve of a diplomatic effort to revive the Black Sea grain deal, a Florida judge who threw out Gov. DeSantis’ redistricting plan said it violates the state constitution by diluting Black residents’ voting power, and flooding triggered by heavy rains stranded tens of thousands of people at the Burning Man festival in Nevada.
《Burning Man festival; 》
[03:13] And at the counterculture Burning Man festival in the remote desert outside Reno, Nevada, heavy rains triggered flash floods and stranded tens of thousands of festival-goers. Organizers have shut down access by vehicles and attendees have been told to conserve food. There's been one death, which the sheriff's office is investigating.
[** = Burning Man is an event focused on community, art, self-expression, and self-reliance held annually in the western United States. The name of the event comes from its culminating ceremony: the symbolic burning of a large wooden effigy, referred to as the Man, that occurs on the penultimate night of Burning Man, which is the Saturday evening before Labor Day... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Man Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります]
[04:05]★今日のおすすめ★ Arkansas Medicaid recipients fight to stay covered after federal protections end
Medicaid enrollments reached unprecedented levels when Congress temporarily blocked states from kicking people off of the health insurance plan during the pandemic. But that policy has ended, and now states have until 2024 to check people’s eligibility and remove those who no longer qualify. Ali Rogin reports from Arkansas, which is nearing the end of its Medicaid unwinding process.
《Medicaid; unwinding; Arkansas; 》
[04:13] In the early days of the pandemic, Congress temporarily blocked states from kicking people off Medicaid even if they were no longer eligible. As a result, enrollment reached unprecedented numbers. But that's ended and now states have until next year to go back to pre-pandemic rules, check if those on Medicaid are still eligible, and remove those who aren't. Ali Rogin recently traveled to Arkansas, which is nearing the end of that process, which is known as unwinding.
[** = (パンデミック後のMedicaidの) unwindingとは何かを説明している部分 ]
[07:05] In fact, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid warned that over half the states in the country are kicking people off at too high a rate and that all 50 states may be kicking children off disproportionately.
>> We're seeing metrics that we've never seen before. But, we actually don't have a baseline. This has not been measured and reported on before.
[** metrics = a set of numbers that give information about a particular process or activity (Cambridge Dictionary) ]
[12:21] Is the era of inexpensive cars over? Why auto prices are on the rise in America
The average price of cars has soared in recent years, and buyers are being further squeezed by rising interest rates. It’s hitting Gen Z and millennials particularly hard -- in 2022, people aged 18 to 39 had more than $20 billion in auto loans more than 90 days overdue. Tom Krisher, who covers the auto industry for the Associated Press, joins John Yang to discuss.
《Tom Krisher; SUV人気、セダンやコンパクトカーは不人気・利益が少ない、電気自動車の税控除で状況が変わる可能性、》
[16:07] And then you've got this other wild card out there, autonomous vehicles. Cruise and Waymo are testing driverless vehicles, and if you don't have to pay the driver, your cost per mile is a whole lot less. So the ridesharing, ridehailing costs can come down.
[** ride-hailing < A ridesharing company (also known as a transportation network company, ride-hailing service; the vehicles are called app-taxis or e-taxis) is a company that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxicabs, cannot legally be hailed from the street... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridesharing_company //
ridesharingとridehailingという言葉の使い分けについて https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridesharing_company#Terminology:_ridesharing_vs._ridehailing ]
[18:45]★今日のおすすめ★ New method of aid delivery aims to send assistance before disasters strike
Africa’s first climate summit begins Monday in Kenya with the goal of better preparing the continent for climate disasters. When these disasters strike, aid often pours in from around the world. A new method of delivering aid uses technology to help predict the greatest need and send it in advance. Babatunde Ojei, Nigeria director for the International Rescue Committee, joins Ali Rogin to discuss.
《Africa’s first climate summit begins Monday in Kenya; Babatunde Ojei, Nigeria director for the International Rescue Committee; anticipatory action; 災害支援を災害が起きる前に被害を予想して行う; 災害前に現金と情報を与える 》
[19:11] >> The concept of anticipatory action isn't completely new, but it's something that has been gaining traction within the humanitarian community in the last few years. The basic idea is that instead of waiting to deliver cash and resources to communities after predictable disasters, organizations get ahead of them. That way, the people affected are better equipped to deal with the aftermath. The International Rescue Committee, a humanitarian organization, recently tested this theory in flood-prone areas of northeastern Nigeria.
[** anticipatory actionとは何かを説明している部分。//
Wikipediaでは次のように説明している。Anticipatory action is a growing area of disaster management that relies on data analysis to predict where crises might strike and act ahead of time to protect the assets and agency of farmers, fishers and herders to prepare them for widely different circumstances and contexts... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrifood_systems#Anticipatory_action ]
[20:22] So, fortunately, we -- Google provided us with resources and we worked with the International Food Policy Research Institute to initiate this project, which was targeting 1450 smallholder farmers in Adamawa State, where we had 725 of this 1450 household farmers. They were the ones that got resources pre-flooding and the other group which was more like the control were provided resources post-flooding.
[** control = control group = (in an experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test. 対照群。実験的観察で結果を比較するための標準 ]
[21:05] We worked with the National Meteorological Institute to provide us with data and information that could actually help us to know what the flood regimes were.
[** regime = a prevailing pattern of water flow, as of a river (thefreedictionary); the characteristic behavior or orderly procedure of a natural phenomenon or process (Merriam-Webster) 洪水時の水量の特徴的な変化 ]