今日の英語ニュース☆2023.09.21☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Sept. 20, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[00:08] On the "NewsHour" tonight: The Federal Reserve holds off on raising interest rates further, but consumers still feel the pain of past hikes, with mortgage rates at their highest level in over twenty years.
[** to hold off = to defer or temporarily stop doing something ]
[02:42]★今日のおすすめ★ News Wrap
The Federal Reserve announced that interest rates will remain unchanged, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland faced a barrage of criticism from Republicans, the Senate is moving to vote on three top military nominations, President Biden met with Israel's prime minister, and funerals were held after six Palestinians were killed in Israeli military raids.
《Federal Reserve announced that interest rates will remain unchanged; FRB利上げ見送り; Jerome Powell, Federal Reserve Chairman; 連邦準備制度理事会; Attorney General Merrick Garland grilled at House Judiciary Committee hearing; Senate is moving to vote on three top military nominations that have been blocked for months by Alabama Republican Tommy Tuberville; Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the U.N. Security Council; President Biden met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly; Iran's Parliament approved a bill imposing heavier penalties on women who refuse to wear hijab; 》
[04:37] LISA DESJARDINS: GOP members questioned the special counsel's case against fellow party member Trump and skewered the plea deal originally offered to Hunter Biden on tax and gun charges.
[** to skewer = criticize harshly ]
[06:02] GEOFF BENNETT: The U.S. Senate is moving to vote on three top military nominations that have been blocked for months by Alabama Republican Tommy Tuberville. The nominees for chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Army chief of staff, and Marine commandant have been held up while Senator Tuberville protested the Pentagon's abortion policy. About 300 other nominations remain in limbo.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[09:59] How rising mortgage rates are increasing the cost of living for millions of Americans
The Federal Reserve did not hike interest rates Wednesday, but many Americans are still struggling with the burden of the higher costs of borrowing. The Fed’s series of hikes over more than a year has triggered a big jump in mortgage rates, pushing them to the highest level in more than two decades. Daryl Fairweatherr, chief economist of the real estate company Redfin, joins Amna Nawaz to discuss.
《Federal Reserve did not hike interest rates; Daryl Fairweather, Redfin, real estate company》
[17:50]★今日のおすすめ★ Tensions escalate between Canada and India over killing of outspoken Sikh leader
India and Canada are caught up in a tense diplomatic showdown over the assassination of a Canadian Sikh separatist leader in British Columbia. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau this week linked the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar to India's government. Both countries have since expelled top diplomats. Bloomberg columnist Bobby Ghosh joins Amna Nawaz to discuss.
《India and Canada are caught up in a tense diplomatic showdown over the assassination of a Canadian Sikh separatist leader in British Columbia; インドとカナダの外交的対決; Hardeep Singh Nijjar, naturalized Canadian citizen, originally from the northern Indian state of Punjab, advocate for an independent Sikh homeland, killed by masked men outside a Sikh temple in the city of Surrey southeast of Vancouver in June; Both countries have now expelled top diplomats; Bobby Ghosh, Bloomberg columnist; 》
[19:14] Trudeau himself raised the issue both with the U.S. government and the government of Britain to try and intervene with the Indians. Then Trudeau went to Delhi for the G20 summit a couple of weeks ago, directly raised this matter with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. When he got no response from any of these or he got pushback from all of these measures, he then decided to go public with the accusation. And that suggests to me that he had come to the end of his tether. He had decided that there was no point in trying to do this quietly, in a diplomatic way. He felt that it was necessary to bring it out in the open.
[** to come to the end of his tether < at the end of one's tether = at the limit of one’s patience ]
[19:54] AMNA NAWAZ: So, what do we need to understand about this Sikh independence and separatist movement? It's called the Khalistan movement. We know it's had a violent history in India. We know Indira Gandhi was assassinated by followers of this movement.
[** The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing an ethno‐religious sovereign state called Khalistan in the Punjab region...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalistan_movement ]
[23:51] Occupational licensing hurts job prospects for people with criminal records
Being employed has proven to reduce the chances that people who have recently left prison will reoffend. But for many, jobs that require a state license or certificate can be difficult or even impossible to obtain, even as dozens of states have moved to lift barriers. Special correspondent Cat Wise reports from Oregon for our ongoing series “Searching for Justice.”
《state license or certificate; people with criminal records; 前科のある人の就職; 犯罪歴を理由に業務に必要な許可や免許を拒否される; Cat Wise; Oregon 》
[26:24] Are the students aware that some jobs may be off-limits to them?
DEB ARTHUR: Yes, and there's a lot of concern about that. There's lots of anger and there's also resignation, because, honestly, these are people who, to a large extent, feel written off by society anyway.
[** to write off = to dismiss as worthless ]
[32:10] KIESHA JOHNSON: I don't want to answer to anyone else that's going to tell me no. So I want to be my own boss. I'm going to get my degree. I'm going to get my nonprofit, and with determination and perseverance, I'm going to get there.
[** to answer to someone = (in the hierarchy of the workplace) to be under the supervision of someone; to report to someone (thefreedictionary) ]
[33:18]★今日のおすすめ★ California sues oil companies for exacerbating climate change
California claims the five biggest oil and gas companies knew that using their products led to climate change, but then spent decades misleading the public. The lawsuit says extreme weather fueled by climate change has caused billions of dollars in damages in the state and these companies should pay for some of that damage. California Attorney General Rob Bonta joins William Brangham to discuss.
《California sues Big Oil for exacerbating climate change; ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, BP, American Petroleum Institute; Rob Bonta, California Attorney General; カリフォルニア州大手石油会社を気候変動で提訴 》
[35:02] And they were very active in their deception. What do I mean? They worked with front groups. They supported and funded front groups with great climate-supportive names like Global Climate Coalition to undermine the climate science that they knew was inaccurate, that they knew the actual truth.
[** front group < A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization, such as intelligence agencies, organized crime groups, ... or corporations. Front organizations can act for the parent group without the actions being attributed to the parent group, thereby allowing them to hide certain activities from the authorities or the public. ]
[** = The Global Climate Coalition (GCC) (1989–2001) was an international lobbyist group of businesses that opposed action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and engaged in climate change denial, publicly challenging the science behind global warming... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Climate_Coalition // Global Climate Coalitionは上に説明があるfront groupのひとつ]
[36:57] They affirmatively lied to the people of California time and time again with their editorials that they produced. Their marketing arm, the industry association, the American Petroleum Institute was very involved with this, with the faux science that they put out, all meant to make people believe something different than what the actual truth was, that we were on a pathway towards disaster as a state and, frankly, as a nation and a world.
[** affirmatively = 積極的に ]
[37:25] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: The American Petroleum Institute put out a statement about your suit, saying in part -- quote -- "This ongoing coordinated campaign to wage meritless politicized lawsuits against a foundational American industry and its workers is nothing more than a distraction. Climate policy is for Congress to debate and decide, not the court system." What do you make of that argument, that, in fact, it is incumbent upon senators, governors, presidents to determine policy, energy policy, and that going after a private company is inappropriate?
ROB BONTA: That entire statement by the American Petroleum Institute is entirely in character with the statements that they have made over the last number of decades.
[** in character = very typical of the way someone would normally speak or behave ]
[38:28] It's for Congress and legislative bodies to make policy about climate change. And they are. The Biden administration has been a great leader in this space.
[** space = A field, area, or sphere of activity or endeavor. 分野 ]
[40:16] Conservatives target liberal state Supreme Court justices
As political fights across the country become more contentious, key decisions over issues like gerrymandering are finding their way to state Supreme Courts. That’s turned once-overlooked questions about who sits on the bench into all-out political battles of their own, including in Wisconsin and North Carolina. Zac Schultz of PBS Wisconsin and Colin Campbell of WUNC join Geoff Bennett to discuss.
《In two states, liberal Supreme Court justices are under fire; Justice Janet Protasiewicz facing potential impeachment by the Republican-controlled legislature in Wisconsin; Justice Anita Earls investigated by a judicial commission in North Carolina; Judicial Standards Commission; Zac Schultz, PBS Wisconsin;Colin Campbell, WUNC; 》
[42:04] But Democrats are rejecting that call for right now, saying that the bill isn't close enough to the Iowa model to count, that there's little clauses. They don't trust the Republicans, especially since, for the last decade-plus, Republicans have said, we don't need an Iowa model. We should write the bills ourselves.
[** to count = to have value or significance; to matter ]
[42:32] ZAC SCHULTZ: The likelihood of impeachment is anybody's guess. We have already seen one Republican in the Assembly come out and say he would not vote for impeachment.
[** anybody's guess = something that is very uncertain or that no one knows ]
[44:10] So she's taken this to a federal court, filed a lawsuit to block this investigation and disciplinary action from going forward. But that's currently pending at the federal court level. The latest we have heard from that is the federal judge assigned to the case has accused both the standards commission and Justice Earls of being -- quote -- "inflammatory" in their accusations in the legal filings so far. So this is going to end up being a pretty spicy court battle as it goes forward.
[** spicy = lively, spirited]
[47:36] How light pollution is making it increasingly difficult to see the stars
Astronomers around the world are calling for international agreements to limit the spread of satellite constellations in space, with warnings that light pollution at night from the satellites damages vital scientific work. In Britain, the government is also being urged to impose new planning regulations to reduce light pollution to stop the loss of the nation’s dark skies. Malcolm Brabant reports.
《light pollution; 光害; 天体観測などに支障; satellite; damaging vital scientific work; Malcolm Brabant; 》
[50:00] WOMAN: And great news. All systems are go for launch, so let's watch as Falcon 9 takes our 22 Starlink satellites into space.
[** go for launch = 打ち上げに問題なし // In the Apollo space program they used the word "go" as a noun, referring to status. As long as the status was "go", things continued. The status could change from "go" to "on hold" or "abort". If it was "on hold" (for weather, for example) the countdown paused, and would start again when the status switched to "go"...
https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/go-for-launch.3531556/ ]