今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.21☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 20, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:40]★今日のおすすめ★ Another hospital in northern Gaza becomes battleground between Israel and Hamas
イスラエルとハマスの戦い４５日目
Israel's offensive in Gaza is focused in the north with civilians caught between the IDF and Hamas. The government media office in Gaza, run by Hamas, says more than 13,000 civilians there have been killed since the October 7 terror attacks that killed 1,200 Israeli civilians. Nick Schifrin reports.
《Nearly 240 hostages taken from Israel are being held by militants in Gaza; 388 Israeli soldiers have died since October 7, the most in 20 years; 》
[07:36] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Defense Secretary Austin made a surprise visit to Ukraine in a bid to keep money and weapons flowing to its military, a federal appeals court ruling could curb enforcement of the Voting Rights Act, Donald Trump's lawyers urged a federal appeals court to revoke a gag order (かん口令) against him and a stretch of I-10 in Los Angeles reopened ahead of schedule after fire damage.
《President Biden turned 81 today, at a time when his age has become a growing issue in polls as he faces reelection; former President Donald Trump is now 77; The Commission on Presidential Debates has announced three face-offs for next fall's general election campaign. They will be at Texas State University, Virginia State University, and the University of Utah. 大統領選本選挙の討論会の開催場所; バイデン大統領誕生日; 》
[11:21]★今日のおすすめ★ What led to the OpenAI leadership shakeup and what it means for the future of AI／
OpenAIのCEOを解任されたサム・アルトマン、マイクロソフト入社
Microsoft announced that it hired Sam Altman, the co-founder of ChatGPT maker OpenAI, after he was unexpectedly fired from that company days earlier. Microsoft is a financial partner in OpenAI. Altman had kicked off a global race for artificial intelligence supremacy and was the face of the AI boom. Geoff Bennett discussed the corporate shakeup with Mike Isaac of The New York Times.
《解任の背景; the OpenAI board, which is influenced by the interests of scientists, was worried that the company's expansion was out of control, might even call it dangerous; part of the fascinating dynamics of this company is that it's a very small board with very ideologically driven directors on that board. And one of the big concerns from them is that A.I. is going to spin out of control and ultimately be a destroying force for humanity. And it sounds like "Terminator," but it is actually something that these people think about and talk about a lot of the time; And so it's been kind of a battle of safety versus accelerationism of the tech. And, at least on Friday, the Sam side that is pushing for more aggressive development lost; OpenAI社員の９割がマイクロソフトへ移る可能性; You have more than 700 employees at OpenAI, a company that employs 770 people, they're now threatening to quit and join Microsoft; if 90 percent, effectively, of your staff goes, this company could go from approximately $80 billion valuation to zero in just a few days, which means investors will be losing out on all their investment; Microsoft could end up ultimately having a coup here and gaining all of their employees and technology for not actually having to buy the company outright, which is really unprecedented in a lot of ways in the tech landscape; 業界全体の活性化につながる可能性; it's going to spur all sorts of bursts of competition at other companies, like Meta, Google, other folks who felt behind OpenAI, but now are feeling a second wind; 》
[14:26] And Sam became the kind of leader of the whole movement. And OpenAI, to his credit, he wasn't just sort of all flash. They actually have very strong, deep technology.
[** flash = a sudden short blaze of intense light or flame // 類似表現： flash in the pan = Someone or something whose success or popularity is short-lived. ]
[15:36] And Microsoft could end up ultimately having a coup here and gaining all of their employees and technology for not actually having to buy the company outright, which is really unprecedented in a lot of ways in the tech landscape.
[** coup = a brilliant and successful stroke or action (ここでは、クーデターの意味ではない) ]
[16:38] I also think it's going to spur all sorts of bursts of competition at other companies, like Meta, Google, other folks who felt behind OpenAI, but now are feeling a second wind, based at least on some of the conversations that I have had with them.
[** second wind = restored energy or strength (thefreedictionary); A renewed feeling of energy after a period of inactivity(wiktionary)]
[17:11] Voters in Argentina elect far-right political outsider as president
アルゼンチン大統領選、政治経験がほとんどない極右ポピュリストが勝利
Argentinians went to the polls amid an economic crisis, soaring inflation and growing poverty. As many nations have in the last decade, they elected a populist outsider. Economist, author and media commentator Javier Milei is now president-elect thanks to an exhausted and angry electorate. Amna Nawaz discussed what Milei's win means for Argentina and beyond with Oliver Stuenkel.
《ハビエル・ミレイ; Milei won with some 56 percent of the vote, defeating establishment candidate Sergio Massa, who oversaw the nation's slide into triple-digit inflation as economy minister for the ruling Peronist party; An economist and former TV pundit, Milei has drawn comparisons to Donald Trump. And his rise to power has been swift. He was elected to Congress in 2021, promising to -- quote -- "blow up the system"; A self-described anarcho-capitalist, he's pledged to shut down Argentina's Central Bank, adopt the U.S. dollar as national currency, and make deep economic cuts; Milei also opposes abortion rights, wants to end the Ministry of Women, Gender and Diversity, and to loosen gun restrictions; He also famously has four cloned dogs created in a New York lab... Murray, Milton, Robert, and Lucas; ●20:10～; Oliver Stuenkel; Stuenkel teaches international relations in Brazil and is a nonresident fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; the big question, of course, is whether Milei will govern now as the radical that he was during the first part of this electoral campaign, or the more moderate candidate that he projected himself to be during the run-off, when he tried to attract centrist voters, which he achieved; he steps into power pretty soon on December 10; Milei doesn't have a majority in Congress. He doesn't have a large party. He doesn't have any of the powerful political groups behind him; it will be very unlikely that he will be able to govern as a radical; 》
[23:04] He won't be able to govern without appointing bureaucrats who don't really share his ideas. Those are the very people he has criticized and attacked during the campaign as the deep state, [** 以前の番組に出てきました ] and now will have to -- he will have to work with them.
[25:37] How nurses overcome challenges while treating patients with limited English proficiency
医療現場の言葉の壁、克服への看護師の取り組み
The increasing diversity of the U.S. brings an array of challenges, including the basic hurdle of not speaking the same language. The stakes are especially high in a medical setting. In collaboration with the Global Health Reporting Center and with support from the Pulitzer Center, William Brangham looks at how nurses are meeting the moment for our series, Critical Care: The Future of Nursing.
《There is literature out there and that backs up the fact that patients want to be taken care of by providers that look like them, that speak the same language as them, and by providers that sound like them; Most clinics and hospitals are legally required to provide interpretive services, based on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the rule was strengthened in the Affordable Care Act; studies show that language gaps on their own can lead to worse outcomes; Any time you have a harmful event happen to you in the hospital, those harmful events, the risk for people with limited English proficiency can be 15 percent to 25 percent higher than people who speak English; they are at higher risk for experiencing harm during a hospitalization. They are less likely to get timely access to primary care. They also are more likely to have a longer length of stay. So all of these things actually add up in terms of overall health care costs to the patient, to health systems, to insurance companies, everything; About one in 12 Americans speaks limited or no English. Three in five are Spanish speakers. The rest speak Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Arabic, and other languages; ]Erin Mulpur says it's more than just language fluency. Translators also need some medical fluency; video remote interpretation; Google translates, but it doesn't interpret. Those are two very different things. There's nuances to when somebody says something, when they speak. It's understanding how someone grew up. And, again, it's more than what somebody is saying. And I think it's hard. You can't teach somebody to be called bicultural, right? Like, that's how you grow up; 》
[34:10]★今日のおすすめ★ The lasting legacy of former First Lady and global humanitarian Rosalynn Carter
追悼：ロザリン・カーター元大統領夫人
Global humanitarian, mental health advocate, champion for equal rights. These are some of the ways that former First Lady Rosalynn Carter is being remembered. Geoff Bennett discussed Carter’s legacy and many contributions with Judy Woodruff, who covered the Carter White House, and journalist and historian Jonathan Alter, whose biography of President Carter is “His Very Best: Jimmy Carter, a Life.”
《steel magnolia; 》
[38:27] They were -- as you say, they were a duo. They were -- they were partners in every sense of the word. He checked everything with her I mean, he -- there were no big decisions that were made, any decisions, for that matter. It doesn't mean he always went along with her, though. As you just heard from Jonathan, she would advise him to do something that she thought was in his better political interest, and he didn't always follow it. But it -- it became -- it was -- later on, it was Bill and Hillary Clinton who -- there was the saying you get two for the price of one or whatever the saying was. That was truly the case with the Carters. She was equally invested and working hard every day all day long during his presidency.
[** invested = commited; giving a lot of time and effort to something ]
[40:16] And she also, in the post-presidency, championed caregivers. That wasn't even a concept in the '60s and '70s. Rosalynn Carter helped put that on the map as an idea, that people care for friends and relatives in this country in great numbers.
[** to put something on the map = to make something famous or noteworthy ]
[42:22] I would just add that there is a --there is very much -- was a toughness to her, a steeliness. People throw around the term steel magnolia. She would do her homework, and she would come to a conclusion about what needed to be done, so often driven by compassion for people who weren't getting their due. She worked on women's issues. As Jon said, she worked on -- certainly on mental illness, on caregiving. This became a passion of hers.
[** to get one's due = to receive what one deserves ]
[43:26]★今日のおすすめ★ Tamara Keith and Susan Page on Biden's approval ratings and congressional dysfunction
月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を占う
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Susan Page of USA Today join Amna Nawaz to discuss the latest political news, including how Rosalynn Carter transformed the role of First Lady, President Biden's latest approval ratings and a bandaid budget that won’t heal the nation’s divides or congressional dysfunction in the election year to come.
[48:12] TAMARA KEITH: And they sort of feel that Joe Biden is always taken for granted. He's always counted out. He's always left for dead politically, and then they end up passing the bill or he ends up consolidating support in the Democratic primary.
[** to leave someone for dead = to abandon someone as being dead; to disregard as unimportant ]
[48:59] So we should be modest about what we learn from polls. And that includes issue polls, as well as horse race polls.
[** どの候補を支持するかと聞く世論調査がhorse race pollで、政治や経済など様々な問題についての意見を尋ねるのがissue poll。]
[51:03] Tracing the origins and significance of the presidential turkey pardon
大統領による七面鳥恩赦の起源
One thing Americans can be thankful for this year is the price of Thanksgiving turkeys. Turkey prices are down 5.6 percent since last year, according to the American Farm Bureau Federation. But two special turkeys will be spared from the dinner table this week as part of a beloved White House tradition. Laura Barron-Lopez reports.
《The two birds, Liberty and Bell, were raised in Minnesota, the nation's largest producer of turkey; 》
[52:29] So, who was the first president to pardon a turkey? Technically, it was Honest Abe Lincoln, after his young son Tad begged to save the life of a bird originally destined to become Christmas dinner. Jack the turkey instead became a White House pet.
[** < Honest Abe = A nickname for US President Abraham Lincoln.
see: https://greatamericanhistory.net/honesty.htm ]