今日の英語ニュース☆2023.10.31☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Oct. 30, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:45]★今日のおすすめ★ More Israeli tanks roll into Gaza as Netanyahu says ceasefire 'will not happen'
It is now the fourth week of war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza and as Israel's air campaign continues, the death toll mounts. The IDF is now fighting Hamas on the ground in Gaza. Its troops are moving in the northern end of the strip, while more than a million Gazans await aid in the south. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い２４日目; 現地からのリポート; At his first press conference since the October 7 terror attacks, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterated that Israel will not consider a cease-fire; Israel's longest-serving premier said he will not resign, despite growing anger at his government among Israelis; Al-Shifa Hospital; Israel says Hamas hides one of its main military command centers beneath the hospital. But Al Shifa is also home to 50,000 displaced Palestinians; So far, more than 3,000 children have been killed, according to Save the Children. That's more than the total number of children killed annually in conflict zones since 2019; Israeli tanks today temporarily blocked Salah al-Din, Gaza's main north-south highway; One hostage was freed today during the ground invasion. Israeli soldier Ori Megidish has been reunited with her family; even far from the front lines, in the Dagestan region of Russia, a mob stormed an airport after a flight from Israel landed in the mostly Muslim region on Sunday night. Hundreds pushed their way into the airport searching for Jews, in a sinister echo of pogroms past; hundreds of miles of tunnels underneath Gaza that Hamas are using; ●イスラエルの世論について; the first is people in the country so incredibly angry that Mr. Security, as Netanyahu was known, could have allowed this to happen in the first place, this massive intelligence failure; Secondly, at the end of last year with this election, Netanyahu made a deal with some very right-wing elements to form a government, and many people feel that that split in society, those divisions are what distracted the security forces of the government from this threat that was coming; And thirdly now, families of these hostages absolutely furious with him that these ground raids are happening, these huge air assaults happening while their families are still inside Gaza; we all suspect that he (= Netanyahu) hopes that, if he wins this war, all that will be forgotten and he will be the hero of Israel again; ポグロム; 》
[03:46] BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: The only thing that I intend to have -- resign is Hamas. We're going to resign them to the dustbin of history. That's my goal.
[** to resign = to relegate, consign; to hand over ]
[09:34] And even far from the front lines, in the Dagestan region of Russia, a mob stormed an airport after a flight from Israel landed in the mostly Muslim region on Sunday night. Hundreds pushed their way into the airport searching for Jews, in a sinister echo of pogroms past.
[** pogrom = A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )]
[10:47] It does seem that, at the beginning of the weekend, they were focusing on this northeastern corner of Gaza, trying to move through there, trying to get past the border fence. We know there were fights, hand-to-hand fights there with Hamas terrorists on that border fence. And by today, they have now reached Gaza City on the ground there. We know that they blocked the top of that vital artery through Gaza today for a while.
[** artery = 幹線道路。このリポートの前の方(05:02～)でSalah al-Din, Gaza's main north-south highwayと言っている ]
[12:39] Military experts weigh in on Israel's tactics in Gaza airstrikes and ground invasion
Israel is now operating in the Gaza Strip, but a U.S. official says IDF ground invasion plans changed to use more “methodical” tactics compared to original plans. But still, Israel’s air campaign has been relentless, turning parts of Gaza into moonscapes. Nick Schifrin discussed more with retired IDF Maj. Gen. Yaakov Amidror and Frederic Wehrey of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
《イスラエルのガザに対する軍事作戦について２人の軍事専門家に聞く; Israel's ground invasion plans "changed" to use "more methodical tactics," compared to their original plans; Yaakov Amidror, retired IDF major general, former national security adviser to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, now a distinguished fellow at the Jewish Institute for National Security of America; Frederic Wehrey, who had a 20-year career in the U.S. Air Force focused on the Middle East, now a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; I do want to emphasize here that the real center of gravity for this threat to Israel is not Hamas, per se. It's not Hamas' infrastructure, missiles, support from Iran, the tunnels. It's really the problems of Gaza, the occupation, and that's not going to be resolved militarily; I think it's very easy to focus on the infrastructure, to talk about reducing capability. But it's quite another to talk about replacing an entire governance structure in this tremendously problematic area that has been a wellspring for grievances and radicalization; 》
[16:24] RON DERMER, Israeli Minister for Strategic Affairs: Israel had to come up with a battle plan in a very short amount of time. So, in the process that we're coming up with our battle plan, we're also having American input into it. So they have been part of that process. So we're in a theater now where you have many, many fewer civilians there, and that's enabled us to minimize civilian casualties and focus on killing the terrorists, which we are doing.
[** theater = a region where a particular action takes place; a specific field of action, usually with reference to war (wiktionary) ]
[21:47] News Wrap
The Illinois man [* = Joseph Czuba] accused of killing a six-year-old Palestinian American boy [* = Wadea Al-Fayoume] pleaded not guilty to murder and hate crime charges, GM reached a tentative deal with the United Auto Workers union days after Ford and Stellantis did the same and businesses and schools in Lewiston began reopening five days after the deadliest mass shooting event in Maine's history.
《UAWストライキ、ステランティスと暫定合意; All three automakers settled on four-year contracts with 25 percent wage increases and cost-of-living adjustments, but the deals still must be ratified by UAW members; Soccer's governing body of FIFA is banning Luis Rubiales, the former president of the Spanish Soccer Federation, from all soccer activities for three years. Rubiales forcibly kissed a player on the lips during the Women's World Cup trophy ceremony in August; The FDA sounded a warning today that certain WanaBana pureed fruit pouches contain dangerously high levels of lead; 》
[21:41] AMNA NAWAZ: In the day's other headlines: Illinois landlord Joseph Czuba pleaded not guilty to murder and hate crime charges in a court in Joliet. he's accused of fatally stabbing his tenant, a 6-year-old Palestinian-American boy named Wadea Al-Fayoume, and seriously injuring Wadea's mother earlier this month. Authorities say Czuba targeted them because of their Muslim faith in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[25:00] Israel-Hamas war leads to increase of antisemitic threats on college campuses
In the U.S., fears are rising among Jewish Americans as reports of antisemitic incidents have increased since the start of the Israel-Hamas war. In response, the White House is unveiling new plans to combat antisemitic attacks at schools and college campuses. White House Correspondent Laura Barrón-López reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦争が始まって以来、世界中で高まる反ユダヤ主義; 大学キャンパスでの反ユダヤ主義への対策をホワイトハウスが発表; And so what this action does is, it directs the Justice Department and the DHS to partner with campus law enforcement, to work with them, help track hate-related rhetoric across campuses. DHS, Homeland Security, cybersecurity experts, specifically, will be helping schools monitor an increase of not just the rhetoric, but also potential threats. And then administration officials are meeting with Jewish American groups today and Jewish students later this week; these tools can also be used for other hate rhetoric that we're seeing, including against Arabs and Muslims on campuses; We (= ADL) have been tracking a nearly 400 percent increase in antisemitic incidents being reported to us. That's vandalism, harassment, and assault. And that's in comparison to the same time frame the previous year; normalization of antisemitism; "From the river to the sea." That's essentially calling for the eradication of the state of Israel; they also attribute this (= antisemitic incidents) to a lack of education; 》
[27:39] AMNA NAWAZ: So, as we know, the ADL, the Anti-Defamation League, has been tracking this for years, right, also liaising with communities, Jewish communities, here in America and abroad.
[** The Anti-Defamation League (ADL)... is a New York-based international Jewish non-governmental organization and advocacy group that specializes in civil rights law and combats antisemitism and extremism...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[28:33] She said that, when she posted on X, also known as Twitter, that Jews aren't feeling safe right now, that she was met with vitriol, that she actually received threats of assault and rape directed at her. She met with second gentleman Douglas Emhoff today, as well as Secretary of Education Cardona. And she told them that she feels as though they're witnessing the normalization of antisemitism.
[** Douglas Craig Emhoff (born October 13, 1964) ... is married to the 49th vice president of the United States, Kamala Harris. As the first husband of a vice president, Emhoff is the first second gentleman in American history. He is also the first Jewish spouse of a vice president...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Emhoff ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) ]
[30:03] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: I also spoke to a research analyst with the Southern Poverty Law Center, Alon Milwicki, and he said that he's tracking a sharp increase in antisemitism, antisemitic incidents. He says seeing swastikas is something that unfortunately is common, but the difference now is that we're seeing more and more of swatting against synagogues and against other Jewish institutions. Swatting is bomb threats being called into these institutions.
[** swatting = (slang) The act of contacting emergency services, such as the police, with a fraudulent report of an emergency so that they respond in large numbers to a certain location, often done as a prank. The name refers to SWAT ("Special Weapons and Tactics") teams, specialized police units that respond to especially dangerous situations. (thefreedictionary)]
[31:27]★今日のおすすめ★ Biden signs order establishing standards to manage artificial intelligence risks
President Biden signed the government’s first executive order to establish new standards and rules for the use of artificial intelligence. It’s a wide-ranging set of rules and recommendations to address concerns about national security, privacy, equity and the labor market. Geoff Bennett discussed these changes with Dr. Nicol Turner Lee, director of the Center for Technology Innovation.
《バイデン大統領が、人工知能(AI)使用に関する新たな基準や規則を制定する大統領令に署名; the key components include creating new safety and security standards for A.I., requiring testing and assurances that A.I. cannot be used to produce biological or nuclear weapons, protecting consumer privacy by developing guidelines for federal agencies, and advancing equity in civil rights to prevent algorithmic discrimination; ● Nicol Turner Lee, director of the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institution; this only applies to future technology, and what's already on the market is already extraordinarily powerful; A.I.'s ability to create convincing disinformation; the challenge right now in the executive order is that it's a nonbinding agreement. The hope is that Congress will see the equal importance of this type of intervention in ways that they will actually pass really great legislation; It's really important, for the many years that we have fought for civil rights laws and human rights, that we not allow technologies to come in and change the nature of that game; 》
[32:33] NICOL TURNER LEE: The technologies that have already been deployed, I think, are the ones that we're really concerned about. And so future-proofing emerging technology is going to be important, but the rigorous testing and the impact assessment and the red teaming that the White House potentially wants us to undergo may be something that may put us behind on some of the outcomes that we're currently experiencing with existing technologies today.
[** to future-proof = To make ready to meet potential future requirements, or make use of potential future opportunities; to attempt to anticipate the future in order to minimize possible negative consequences ]
[** to red team (動詞) < red team (名詞) = A red team is a group that pretends to be an enemy, attempts a physical or digital intrusion against an organization at the direction of that organization, then reports back so that the organization can improve their defenses. Red teams work for the organization or are hired by the organization...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_team ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) レッドチーム ]
[34:34] GEOFF BENNETT: So, what the president is talking about -- those are known as deepfakes. [** deepfake = 以前の番組で詳しく取り上げています ] And so this executive order calls for the Department of Commerce to come up with standards for watermarking A.I.-generated content, so that everybody knows it was created by artificial intelligence.
[** to watermark < watermark (名詞) = (computing) A value stored in a datafile to ensure its integrity, so that if the file's contents are changed then the watermark will no longer match the contents. (この文脈では)AIで処理されたビデオなどが、そうだと分かるようにすること。watermarkは、元々お札(さつ)などの透かしのこと ]
[35:52] NICOL TURNER LEE: One of the things that we don't realize as users of the Internet is that these technologies treat us as products, right? We're the commodities. We are the subject of why these technologies work so well. And what that means is that the data that it's constantly scraping is not only the data that belongs to each of us individually, but it's the data that belongs to the context and the historical periods in which that data was actually generated.
[** to scrape = to extract data by automated means (from a format not intended to be machine-readable, such as a screenshot or a formatted web page); To collect or gather, especially without regard to the quality of what is chosen (wiktionary) ]
[37:56] How the prolonged ADHD medication shortage is straining patients and their families
Since the pandemic eased, millions of Americans have had to deal with several drug shortages. For those with ADHD, it's been an especially difficult year as they and their families have struggled to get through ordinary daily routines. Stephanie Sy has the story.
《ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 注意欠陥多動性障害)の治療薬不足が続くなか、患者や家族の苦悩をリポート; there's been a nationwide shortage of medications, like Vyvanse, Adderall and Ritalin, which treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; The majority of details around drug manufacturing, including the country that it was made in, the factory that it was made in, and how much product that they're actually making, all of that is allowed to be a trade secret; About 10 percent of kids and teens have ADHD; 62 percent of them take medication for it; These are low-cost drugs. And so when a drug company has a shortage, it doesn't really hurt their bottom line. And so there's not a tremendous amount of incentive to fix the problem; ノンバイナリー》
[40:11] When Brett Haile couldn't find Vyvanse, he decided to save what medication he had at home for his nonbinary child, Jet. Since we're on the same medication, the same dosage, I could use my reserves, and they were able to go to school medicated because of that. Otherwise, they wouldn't have had enough pills to keep going.
[** このtheyは三人称複数ではなく、上に出て来たnonbinaryのJetのことを指す。nonbinaryは男性／女性の枠に当てはまらない。代名詞は、本人が希望するものを使う ]
[45:44] STEPHANIE SY: Moody knows people who have even turned to the black market when they could not fill their script.
[** script = prescription ]
[46:56]★今日のおすすめ★ Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on the latest shakeups among GOP presidential contenders
NPR’s Tamara Keith and Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report with Amy Walter join Geoff Bennett to discuss the latest political news, including the 2024 presidential field continuing to take shape with former Vice President Mike Pence exiting the Republican race and a new Democratic challenger for President Biden.
《月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う; Nikki Haley has risen to a tie with Ron DeSantis. They're both tied 16 percentage points; She stands out in this field as someone who is a more traditional conservative Republican, more traditional defense hawk type of Republican; she's sort of getting all of the anti-Trump people who are concerned about the U.S. continuing to be a leader in the world; she's picking up those voters who already are very committed to a non-Trump choice; She needs to be able to win over the voters who say, I like Donald Trump, I have supported Donald Trump, but I'm open to an alternative; The president's rhetoric about the conflict has changed. He has gotten tougher on Israel, has raised more loudly his concerns that he had previously raised privately with the Israelis about ensuring the safety of civilians in Gaza; 》
[47:54] Now, some of these candidates are having trouble raising money, but they have a super PAC that has an ability to spend. They can raise it in different ways and spend it in different ways.
[** super PAC = 以前の番組に何回か出てきました ]