今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.04☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 3, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[00:40] And reproductive rights are once again a key issue in several states where voters are heading to the polls for off-year elections.
[** off year = a year in which no major political elections occur. この文脈では、大統領選挙も中間選挙もない年。普通、off yearは中間選挙が行われる年という意味で使われることが多い。 ]
[02:34]★今日のおすすめ★ Hezbollah leader warns of regional war if Israel does not de-escalate siege of Gaza
The Hezbollah chief in Lebanon, Hassan Nasrallah, gave a speech for the first time since the Israel-Hamas war began almost a month ago. Hezbollah is the most powerful in the so-called Axis of Resistance, a group of Iran-aligned actors allied with Hamas who have escalated attacks on Israel and American troops in recent weeks, raising fears of regional spillover. Simona Foltyn reports from Beirut.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い28日目; レバノンのヒズボラ指導者ハサン・ナスルッラーフの演説; 戦争拡大は今のところ望んでいない; in his first speech since the Israel-Hamas war started, the head of Hezbollah (= Hassan Nasrallah) in Lebanon suggested the militant group does not want to widen the war, but left open the possibility of escalating its ongoing conflict with Israel; Simona Foltyn; Stand with Palestine, but not fight on its behalf; There is a sense here that Hezbollah does not want to escalate the conflict to a regional level and drag Lebanon into a full-scale war; even if Hezbollah wins that war, Lebanon will lose; Over recent years, the country (= Lebanon) has reeled from a crippling economic and financial crisis, leading to an almost complete collapse of the state; 》
[07:13] American family that fled Gaza describes life during airstrikes how they evacuated
The Biden administration's priorities in the Middle East include preventing a regional escalation and evacuating American citizens from Gaza. The State Department says about 400 Americans stuck in the strip want to leave. One of the American families who already managed to get out is Emilee Rauschenberger and her daughter Noora Abuhamad. They spoke with Nick Schrifin about the experience.
《ガザから脱出したアメリカ人母娘; the U.S. State Department says about 75 of the 400 Americans who want to leave have made it out; One of the American families who managed to get out is Emilee Rauschenberger and her daughter Noora Abuhamad, who join us now from Cairo; 》
[11:48] EMILEE RAUSCHENBERGER: My 4-year-old was blissfully unaware, except bombs entered her vocabulary. But my boys, they grew anxious and frustrated, and one was always fighting with other kids. And so you could see the stress in other ways, even though they didn't really verbally go on about their fears and their anxieties, but it definitely had a toll.
[** to go on about = to continue or speak for a tedious or exasperating length of time ]
[12:35] How thousands of Gazans became stranded in Israel when war started
The morning Hamas terrorists launched their attack on Israel, there were thousands of innocent Gazan civilians inside Israel working day jobs or seeking medical care. When the war started, they were left stranded. Now, they’ve been told to go back to Gaza, but it's not clear how or when that can happen. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《ハマスのテロ攻撃があった時、イスラエルで働いていたり医療を受けていた数千人のガザ市民; 動きが取れなくなっている彼らに、ガザに戻るよう命令; いつ、どうやったら戻れるのか不明; Movement for Palestinians from both Gaza and the West Bank is heavily restricted even in peacetime. They can only enter Israel for medical care or to work with special, very limited permits; On the 7th of October, there were nearly 6,000 Gazan workers in Israel. As soon as the attacks happened, their permits were immediately revoked. So, they couldn't stay in Israel, but they couldn't go back to Gaza either; Their only option was to take refuge in Palestinian cities in the West Bank; in Jericho, 1,500 workers are taking temporary shelter in university and police buildings. The Palestinian Authority is doing what it can to help them, but is overwhelmed; 》
[17:52] News Wrap
U.S. employers slowed hiring in October but the labor market still showed signs of resiliency, President Biden traveled to Lewiston, Maine, where a gunman killed 18 people last week, the Supreme Court agreed to decide if a ban on bump stocks violates federal law and Russia launched its biggest aerial assault on Ukraine in weeks.
《米国雇用統計; The Labor Department reports that, overall, the economy added a net 150,000 jobs last month. That was down sharply from the 297,000 jobs gained in September, due partly to the auto strike; A record-breaking storm that ravaged Western Europe dealt a blow to Italy today, killing at least six people. That brought the total death toll across Europe to 14; India's capital city was shrouded in a thick, toxic haze today. The seasonal blanket of smog sent the air quality index in New Delhi to severe levels, and officials closed schools and banned some vehicles and construction work... The smog is caused by farmers burning crop waste, coupled with a lack of wind; A judge in New York barred lawyers in the Trump civil fraud trial from making statements regarding his staff. Judge Arthur Engoron said former President Trump's attorneys have falsely accused his law clerk of bias; 》
[19:08] The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to decide if a ban on so-called bump stocks violates federal law. The attachments allow semiautomatic weapons to fire as rapidly as machine guns. They were banned after the 2017 Las Vegas shootings when a gunman fired 1,000 rounds in 11 minutes and killed 60 people.
[** = Bump stocks or bump fire stocks are gun stocks that can be used to assist in bump firing. Bump firing is the act of using the recoil of a semi-automatic firearm to fire ammunition cartridges in rapid succession...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_stock ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
バンプファイアストック、バンプファイア ]
[22:21] The significance of FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried's fraud conviction
FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been found guilty of fraud for his role in the collapse of the now bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange. It took a jury just over four hours to convict him in one of the biggest financial frauds in history. John Yang discussed the significance of the case with Crystal Kim of Axios.
《サム・バンクマン＝フリードに有罪評決; Crystal Kim, New York-based crypto reporter for Axios; one of the biggest financial frauds in history. Investors lost nearly $10 billion; The maximum prison time in the seven charges that Bankman-Fried was convicted of totals 110 years; Sam did more damage than good by taking the stand in his own defense; the U.S. government had a solid case against Sam. They had the testimonies of his three lieutenants. That's Caroline Ellison, Gary Wang, and Nishad Singh. They all pled guilty; yet this trial, for a complex white-collar financial fraud case, moved very quickly. It was 11 months between arrest and conviction; Sam was taken into custody, and he will likely stay at Metropolitan Detention Center until his next trial, which is slated for March 11, 2024. This relates to the bank fraud charge and bribing a foreign government official, though reporters at the trial have been debating whether the case gets dropped before then, given the prosecution's victory yesterday; cryptocurrency; 暗号通貨; 暗号資産; 》
[22:21] FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been found guilty for fraud and for his role in the collapse of the now bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange.
[** Sam Bankman-Friedについて取り上げた以前の番組 ]
[26:49]★今日のおすすめ★ A look at state races where reproductive rights are a key issue in next week's elections
In the year and a half since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, abortion rights have been front and center in elections across the country. That will be true again on Tuesday as races in several states could alter the abortion landscape. Geoff Bennett discussed that with Karen Kasler of Ohio Statehouse News and Charlotte Woods of The Richmond Times Dispatch.
《連邦最高裁がロー対ウェイド判決を破棄してから一年半、妊娠中絶権が再び選挙争点に; In Ohio, voters will decide whether to enshrine reproductive rights in that state's Constitution; in Virginia, control of the state legislature could decide the future of access; In Ohio's case, it goes beyond just abortion rights and also contraception, but also guarantees access to fertility treatments. It guarantees access to miscarriage care and continuing one's own pregnancy; $39 million raised by the supporters of Issue 1. And they have translated that into a lot of ads... The "No" side has raised about $27 million, so fewer ads; the entire state legislature in Virginia is up for grabs this year. Republicans are looking to flip control of the state Senate. And Democrats warn that that could give the GOP the power to pass abortion restrictions; Virginia is the least restrictive state, Southern state, right now when it comes to access (to abortion). Our current law allows abortions up to 26 weeks, with some rare exceptions for later-term abortions that three physicians have to sign off on. Most of the Republicans are proposing a Governor Glenn Youngkin-backed proposal for allowing abortions up to 15 weeks with exceptions afterwards; 》
[27:02] In Ohio, voters will decide whether to enshrine reproductive rights in that state's Constitution. [** 関連ニュース ]
[** reproductive right = Any right associated with family planning, such as the right to birth control and the right to abortion (wiktionary) ]
[28:18] KAREN KASLER: Well, $39 million raised by the supporters of Issue 1. And they have translated that into a lot of ads.
[** Issue 1 = The 2023 Ohio reproductive rights initiative, officially titled "The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety", and listed on the ballot as Issue 1, is a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that will appear on the ballot on November 7, 2023. If a for vote passes, the initiative would codify reproductive rights in the Ohio Constitution, including contraception, fertility treatment, whether to continue one's own pregnancy, and miscarriage care. It would restore Roe v. Wade-era access in Ohio, protecting "the right to abortion up to the point of fetal viability" while permitting restrictions after...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2023_Ohio_Issue_1 ]
[28:32] But what we're seeing is a lot of interest in early voting, much more than we might expect in an odd-year election.
[** odd-year election = 奇数年に行われる選挙。大統領選挙も中間選挙もない年に行われる選挙 ]
[29:55] This is one of the most expensive off-off-election years.
[** off-off-election year = 大統領選挙も中間選挙もない年 // off yearは中間選挙が行われる年のことで、off-off-election year は大統領選挙も中間選挙も行われない年という意味。でも、今日の番組の冒頭ではoff yearが、大統領選挙も中間選挙も行われない年という意味で使われていた。 ]
[33:34]★今日のおすすめ★ Brooks and Capehart on political divides over Israel-Hamas war
New York Times columnist David Brooks and Washington Post associate editor Jonathan Capehart join Geoff Bennett to discuss the week in politics, including the policy and political divides over the Israel-Hamas war, Speaker Mike Johnson's first week on the job and Sen. Tubervillle's block on military promotions.
《金曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週を振り返る; Speaker Johnson still has that one-person motion to vacate hanging over his head; the Marine commandant had a heart attack because he's not just the Marine commandant, but he's doing the job under him as well, two super full-time jobs. And Senator Tuberville, former football coach, not member of the military, not a retired reservist or anything like that, said, well, he's got people who work under him. He's already working long hours. So what's the big deal? I had to do the same thing; I think the big philosophical difference is, most of these senators, they think America has a role in the world. And Tuberville may think that in the abstract, but if he's putting a minor issue ahead of that, then he doesn't really believe that; ジョンソン議長; laddered CR; 機関車トーマス; 》
[37:15] JONATHAN CAPEHART: I just -- it makes me wonder if Speaker Johnson is serious. Is he serious? Well, is he -- does he realize he's a constitutional officer and, now that he is speaker of the House, he has greater responsibilities?
[** constitutional officer = A constitutional officer is a government official whose office is created by a constitution, rather than by a statute...
https://www.lsd.law/define/constitutional-officer ]
[37:36] Or is he going to continue to operate like a backbencher, whose sole job -- and a backbencher from an extremely safe district? So, his only job is to throw bombs and to introduce legislation that will go nowhere. Great for a backbencher, not great for a speaker.
[** to throw bombs < bomb thrower = A “bomb thrower” is used metaphorically to describe a person — often a politician or political operative — who uses provocative, inflammatory, or extreme rhetoric to disrupt the status quo or incite controversy...
https://politicaldictionary.com/words/bomb-thrower/ ]
[40:44] Then there's this laddered -- laddered shutdown or laddered C.R., which looks great on paper, but makes no sense in practice. And even folks in his caucus are like, what does that even -- what does that even mean? How is that going to work?
[** laddered C.R. < Speaker Mike Johnson said Thursday that Republicans are considering a new approach to stopgap funding that would extend pieces of current appropriations for different time periods, effectively setting up a series of funding cliffs while avoiding a single deadline that could trigger a partial government shutdown for all agencies...
https://rollcall.com/2023/11/02/johnson-house-gop-looking-at-new-twist-to-stopgap-funds-fight/ //
C.R. = continuing resolution ]
[41:20] GEOFF BENNETT: Well, meantime, in the upper chamber, it appears Republicans have had it with Senator Tommy Tuberville's nine-month blockade of military promotions.
[** 関連ニュース ]
[42:01] DAVID BROOKS: And there's a phrase in Thomas the Tank Engine [* = きかんしゃトーマス ] that is, it isn't wrong, we just don't do it. And that's the kind of unofficial norm that every institution needs to survive and thrive. We don't have rules about everything, but there are certain things we do around here. And all those norms have been -- not all, but most have been eviscerated in the U.S. Senate.
[** It isn't wrong, but we just don't do it.
see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vXN1bWYXCU ]
[45:22] Families with ties to Israel and Gaza face difficult task of talking to kids about war
In the last few weeks, horrific images have emerged from Israel and the Gaza Strip, many involving young people. Here in the U.S., Jewish and Palestinian American parents and their children are grappling with the mental toll of a war thousands of miles away. Geoff Bennett sat down with some of those families to discuss how they are handling the conversations.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦争; アメリカに住むユダヤ系、パレスチナ系の親子に及ぼす影響; 子どもにどう説明するか; 》