ðå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªãå§ãŸã£ãïŒïŒåŸåïŒ
ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªãå§ãŸã£ãïŒïŒååïŒãã§ã¯ãè±èªãäžçã®å
±éèªã«ãªããã°ããŒãã«åã®äžãè±èªã§ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³èœåãå¿
èŠã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã
ãããããå
é²åœã®äžã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®è±èªåãããªãäœãããšã
ãæéšç§åŠçã®æå°ã®ããšãå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªææ¥ãæ¬æ Œçã«å®æœãå§ããããšããªã©ããè¿°ã¹ãŸããã
ãïŒåŸåïŒã§ã¯ãå®éã®çŸå Žã§ã®ææ¥ã®åé¡ç¹ãªã©ãèããŠãããããšæããŸãã
ðè±èªã®ææ¥ã®åé¡ç¹
ãðšâð«ïŒïŒæåž«ã®åé¡
ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªã¯ã ããæããããšãããšãåŠçŽæ ä»»ã«ãªããŸããåŠçŽæ ä»»ã¯ãåã©ããã¡ãšéããæéãé·ããä»æç§ãæããŠãããããä»æç§ãšã®é¢é£ãå©çšããŠãçåŸã®èå³ãåŒãææ¥ãå±éãããããšããå©ç¹ããããŸãã
ãããããäžæ¹ã§ãä»ææ¥ã«ç«ã£ãŠããæ
ä»»æå¡ã®å€ãã¯æè·èª²çšã§å€åœèªæå°ãåŠãã§ããŸããããã®ãããç ä¿®ãéããŠæå°åã匷åããããšã«å ããè±èªãçšããäœéšçãªèšèªæŽ»åã®æå°ãè¡ãããã®è±èªååäžãå¿
èŠãšèããããŠããŸãã
ãããããæ¥ã
ã®è·åã«å ãç ä¿®ãåããããšã¯ãçŸç¶ã§ããæå¡ã®åãæ¹æ¹é©ãæãŸããŠããç¶æ³ãèãããšãçŸå®çã§ã¯ãªããããªæ°ãããŸãã
ãããã§ãæéšç§åŠçã¯æå¡ãæç¶çã«åŠã¹ãæ©äŒãå
å®ããããã«ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§ã®åŠç¿ç°å¢ãæŽããããšãä»åŸã®åçµãšããŠæ²ããŠããŸãã
åŠçŽæ ä»»ã®æåž«ãŸãã¯å€åœèªãæ åœããæåž«ãæå°èšç»ãäœæããææ¥ãå®æœããã«ããã£ãŠã¯ããã€ãã£ãã»ã¹ããŒã«ãŒãè±èªãå ªèœãªå°å人æãªã©ã®ååãåŸãçãæå°äœå¶ã®å å®ãå³ããšãšãã«ãæå°æ¹æ³ã®å·¥å€«ãè¡ãããšã
åŒçšå ïŒå°åŠæ ¡åŠç¿æå°èŠé ïŒå¹³æ29幎å瀺ïŒ
ã以äžã®ããã«ãæéšç§åŠçã¯ALTãå°å人æãæ¡çšããããšãæšå¥šããŠããŸãããå°åå·®ã倧ããã人æãäžè¶³ããŠããå°åºãå€ãã®ãçŸç¶ã§ãã
ãð§ïŒïŒäœåŠå¹Žããå§ããå¹æã®åé¡
ããç§åŠçãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã§è±èªåã¯äŒžã°ããïŒãïŒãã€ããæ°æžïŒãªã©ã®èæžã§æåãªãç«åœé€šå€§åŠå€§åŠé¢ææã®ç°æµŠ ç§å¹žæ°ã®ç 究ã®ç§åŠçãªã¢ãããŒããçŽ æŽãããã®ã§ãåŒçšãããŠããã ããªããã説æãããŸãã
ïŒç§åŠçèŠç¹ããèŠããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®å©ç¹ïŒ
ãã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®ã¡ãªããã¯ã倧ããäºã€ãããŸãã
â äžã€ç®ã¯ãã¯ãªãšã€ãã£ãæèã«è³ã®å®¹éãããŸãå²ãããšãã§ããç¹ã§ãã
ããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®åã¯ãå°ããé ããäºã€ã®èšèªãèããŠããã®ã§ãå·Šè³ã®èšèªéã ããå¹ççã«äœ¿ã£ãŠæ¥æ¬èªãšè±èªã話ãåãèªç¶ãšèº«ã«ã€ããŸãã
ãäžæ¹ãããçšåºŠæé·ããŠããè±èªã«æ¥ãããšãå³è³ã䜿ã£ãŠç解ããããšããŸããå³è³ã¯æ¬æ¥ãã¯ãªãšã€ãã£ãæèã«é¢ããéšåãªã®ã§ããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®åã©ãã®ã»ããå³è³ãã¯ãªãšã€ãã£ããªçºæ³ã«äœ¿ããã®ã§ãã
â¡äºã€ç®ã¯ãã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã¡ã¢ãªã®æè»æ§ãé«ãç¹ã§ãã
ããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®åã©ãã¯ã話ãçžæã«ãã£ãŠèªç¶ãšèšèªãåãæ¿ããããããã«ãªããŸããããã¯ãã³ãŒãã¹ã€ããããšåŒã°ããŠãæè»ãªçºæ³ã«çµã³ã€ããšèããããŠããŸãã
ïŒå¹Žéœ¢çžå¿ã®èªè§£åãšæç« åãç®æãããïŒ
ããä»äººã¯ãèªåãšã¯éãèããæã£ãŠããããšèªèããåã¯ã幌ãåã©ãã¯åŒ±ããä»äººãèªåãšåãããã«èããŠãããšæã蟌ãã§ããŸããã8ïœ10æ³ãããã«ãªããšãä»äººãšèªåã®èãæ¹ãç°ãªã£ãŠããããšãç解ãå§ããŸããããããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®åã©ãã¯3ïœ5æ³ãšããªãæ©ããã®ææãè¿ããŸãã
ãããããããå°åŠæ ¡äœåŠå¹ŽãŸã§ããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã®èªç¥åã®åªäœæ§ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
ããã ãããããã¯ãã©ã¡ããäžã€ã®èšèªã§å¹Žéœ¢çžå¿ã®CALPïŒèªç¥åŠç¿èšèªèœåïŒã身ã«ã€ããŠããªããšãããŸãããç°¡åã«ãããšå¹Žéœ¢çžå¿ã®åœèªåã®ããšã§ãã
ãããããæ¥æ¬èªãè±èªã幎霢çžå¿ã®CALPãããæ¬åœã®ãã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã¯æ°ïŒ
æªæºã§ãã
ãåè²ãŠãç®çãªãããããç®æããããã©ã¡ããäžã€ã®èšèªã ãã§ã幎霢çžå¿ã®CALPãç²åŸããããšã®æ¹ã倧åã§ãã
ïŒåé¡ã¯ã»ããªã³ã¬ã«ãäžéå端ã¯ãããªãïŒ
ãCALPãšå¯Ÿã«ãªãã®ããBICSïŒæ¥åžžçãªäŒè©±èœåïŒã§ããæ¥æ¬ã®åã©ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«è¡ããšãéåžžBICSã¯1ïœ2幎ã§ç¿åŸã§ããŸãããããCALPã®ç¿åŸã«ã¯6ïœ10幎ã»ã©ãããã®ã§ããèªç¥èœåãé 調ã«è²ã£ãŠããå°åŠçã®æ®µéã§æè²èšèªãå€ãããšãè±èªã§ã®BICSã身ã«ã€ããªãããæ¥æ¬èªCALPã®äŒžé·ãç¶ç¶ããªããšãã©ã¡ãã®èšèªã§ã幎霢çžå¿ã«éããŠããªãäžå¹žãªç¶æ³ã«é¥ããŸã
ããã®ã©ã£ã¡ã€ããã®ç¶æ
ããã»ããªã³ã¬ã«ããšåŒã³ãæãé¿ããã¹ãç¶æ
ã§ãã
ã倧åãªã®ã¯ãèªåã®åã©ãã«å¹Žéœ¢çžå¿ã®åœèªåããããã©ããããã£ããèŠæ¥µããããšããããŠãæ¯èªã ãã§ããã£ããCALPãç¿åŸãããŠãããã®ã芪ã®äžçªã®è²¬åãªã®ã§ããè±èªåŠç¿ã¯ãã®ããšã«ãã¹ããªã®ã§ãã
ãäžè¬çã«ãã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã¯ã2èšèªã§BICSãæã£ãŠããã®ã§çŸšæã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ãªããŸããã2èšèªãšã幎霢çžå¿ã¬ãã«ã®CALPã«å°éããŠãã¯ãããŠèªç¥çã«åªäœã«ç«ã€ã®ã§ããä¿è·è ãæè²è ãæãæ°ãã€ããªããšãããªãã®ã¯ãäž¡èšèªãšãã«CALPåã幎霢çžå¿ã«ãªãåã©ãã®å¯Ÿå¿ã§ãã
ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªã«é¢ããŠã¯ãæéšç§åŠçããæ°åŠç¿æå°èŠé ãã®å°å
¥ã決ããå®æœãå§ããŠããã®ã§ãããåŸæ»ãã¯ã§ããŸããã
ãä¿è·è
ã®æ¹ã¯ããã®çŸç¶ãåãå
¥ããããã§ãåã©ãã«ãšã£ãŠæè¯ã®éžæãããŠããã ããããšæããŸãã
ïŒãã€ãã£ãç¥è©±ã«é¢ããŠïŒã
ãè±èªæã«æ¥ãããä¿è·è ã®æ¹ã¯ãããã€ãã£ãã®å çããåžæãªããæ¹ãå€ãã®ã§ããã€ãŸããè±èªãèšãã®ãªãçºé³ã§ç¿åŸãããããšããæ°æã¡ãããªã®ã§ãããã®éšåã«é¢ããŠã®æè«ãè¿°ã¹ãããšããèš±ããã ããã
ãäŸãã°ãåœé£ç·äŒãªã©ã®æŒèª¬ã§è©±ãããŠããå 容ã¯éåžžã«é«ãã¬ãã«ã§ããããšã¯ééããããŸãããã§ã¯ãè±èªã®çºé³ã¯ã©ããªã®ã§ãããããå€ãã®åœã®ä»£è¡šã®è©±ãè±èªã¯ç¬ç¹ã®èšããããããšãå€ãã®ã§ãããããã話ãå 容ã¯åå ããŠããä»ã®åœã®ä»£è¡šã«ãã¡ããšäŒãã£ãŠããã®ã§ããç§ã¯ãããã§ãããšæã£ãŠããŸããåè«ããããã§ããããããèšèã¯ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ段ãã§ãããã
ãð€žââïžïŒïŒä»ã®æç§ãžã®åœ±é¿
ãè±èªã®ææ¥ãå°3ã»å°4ã§35åäœãå°5ã»å°6ã§70åäœã«ãªãã®ã§ããã®å¢å åãåå ã§ãä»ã®æç§ã«åœ±é¿ãåºããããªæ°ãããŸãã
ãæéšç§åŠçã¯ãææ¥æéãå
šäœãšããŠå¢ããããšãé¿ãããããçŸç¶ã¯å¹ŽéïŒïŒã³ããããç·ååŠç¿ããïŒïŒã³ããŸã§æžããããã®åãè±èªã«ããŠãããšãèªãããšããŠããŸãããŸããåœèªãç®æ°ãªã©ã®ããã«æç§æžã䜿ããåŠã¶ç¯å²ã決ãŸã£ãŠããæç§ã¯æžããããšãã§ããªãããããååŠæ ¡ã§ç®æšã決ããç·ååŠç¿ã匟ååãããããªãããšã®å€æããã ããã§ãã
ããã®ã»ãã®å¯ŸçãšããŠã¯ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ææ¥ããšåŒã°ãããå§æ¥åã®æéããæŒäŒã¿åŸã®ééæéãªã©ã«15åçšåºŠã®æéãè±èªã®ææ¥ã«äœ¿ããªã©ãææ¡ããŠããŸãã15åÃïŒåïŒïŒã³ããã®ããã«èšç®ãããšããèŠèã®çã§ãã
ã2020幎床ããæ°æå°èŠé ãå
šé¢å®æœãããŠããŸããæéšç§åŠçã¯åŠæ ¡çŸå Žã®è² æ
å¢ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿çãæã¡åºããŠããŸããããã®ããã«ãé·æäŒæãçãããããïŒæ¥ã®ææ¥æéæ°ãå¢ããããããå¿
èŠããããããªã®ã§ããæå¡ã®é·æéåŽåãæ¢ã«åé¡ãšãªã£ãŠä¹
ããã®ã§ãããè°è«ãèµ·ããã®ã¯å¿
è³ã ãšæããŸãã
ãâ»ã³ããçŠãéãªããç¶æ³ã¯ããè€éåããŠããŸãã
ð§äžåŠæ ¡ã®è±èªæè²
ãäžã®ãåŠç¿æå°èŠé å®æœäºå®ãã®ããã«ãäžåŠæ ¡ã¯2021幎床ããå šé¢å®æœãããŸããäžéšã®äžåŠã§ã¯ç§»è¡æéãšããŠå®æœããŠããŸãããããŠãæéšç§åŠçã¯ãè±èªã®ææ¥äžã®çºè©±ã¯å šãŠè±èªã§è¡ããããã«æå°ããŠããŸããæ¬åœã«å¯èœãªã®ã§ããããïŒ
ã2018幎ã®æéšç§åŠçã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯äžåŠã®è±èªã®ææ¥ã§ãçºè©±ã®75%以äžè±èªã䜿ã£ãŠããæåž«ã¯20%ã«æºããªãã£ãã®ã§ããæéšç§åŠçã§ã¯è±èªã®ææ¥ã®æäŒãããã人æãæ±ããŠã¯ããŸãããå šã足ããªãç¶æ³ã§ãã
ãçæ³ã®ææ¥ã¯ãæåããæåŸãŸã§è±èªã§ææ¥ãããŠããªããã€çåŸãçãäžããããã£ããç¿ã£ãè±èªãé ã«æ®ãææ¥ã§ãã
ãããããçŸç¶ãèŠãéãããªãçšé ããšèšããããåŸãŸããã
ãäœè«ã«ãªããŸããããããªéæ³ã¿ãããªææ¥ã¯ããããªããšæããããããŸããããããªãããã«è¿ãææ¥ãèŠãããšããããŸãã
ãTäºåæ ¡ã«å®æ²³å å²ä¹å çãšããè±èªã®ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ãããŸããç§ããã€ãŠåšç±ããŠããå¡Ÿã§ãå çã«å ¬éææ¥ããé¡ãããæããã®ææ¥ãç®ã®åœããã«ããŸãããå®æ²³å å çã¯äºåæ ¡ã®è¬åž«ã®æŽ»åã ãã§ã¯ãªããæéšç§åŠçã®è±èªã®4æèœæšé²ã«å€å€§ãªåœ±é¿ãäžããå çã§ãã
ãå®éã®ææ¥ã¯äžã«è²Œãä»ããã倧åçæè²åºã®å®æ²³å å çã®ã¢ãã«ææ¥ããã芧ãã ãããé«æ ¡ç察象ã®ææ¥ã§ãããå šè±èªïŒã¢ã¯ãã£ãã©ãŒãã³ã°ã®ææ¥ãäœéšã§ãããšæããŸãã
ãä»è¿°ã¹ãããšã¯ãäžåŠæ ¡ã®è±èªã®å çãéé£ããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®é«ãããŒãã«ãæéšç§åŠçã¯ãçŸå Žã«äžžæãããŠããæãããããšããããšã§ããä»ã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯çµµã«æããé€ ã®æ°æè²æ¹é©ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšå¿é ããŠããŸãã
ãå šè±èªã®ææ¥ãããããã®ç ä¿®å¶åºŠã§ãã£ãããã¢ãã«ææ¥ã®ãããé ä¿¡ã§ãã£ãããALTã®å¢å¡ã§ãã£ãããçŸå Žã®å çã®ããŒãã«ãäœãããŠãããªããã°ãå çã¯ãã³ã¯ããŠããŸããŸãããã ã§ãããã³ããçŠã§å€§å€ãªç¶æ³ãªã®ã«ããåãæ¹æ¹é©ãã©ããã§ã¯ãªããšæããŸãã
âæåŸã«
ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®è±èªæè²ã¯æéšç§åŠçäž»å°ã§ãäœå¹Žéœ¢åã»4æèœç¿åŸåã«å€§ããèµãåããŸãããåœç¶ãã°ããŒãã«åã®äžãè¯ãæ¹åã«åãã£ãŠããã®ã¯ç¢ºããšä¿¡ããŸããã©ã¡ãããšãããšé ãããããããªã®ã§ããæ¥æ¬èªãšåãããã«ããè±èªãç¿åŸããã®ã«æéããããèšèªããæã€äžåœã»éåœãªã©ã¯ããªãåã«è±èªæè²ã«åãå ¥ãå§ããŠããŸãã
ãæ¹åæ§ã¯è¯ãã®ã§ãããæºåäžè¶³ã®æã¯æããŸããã倧åŠå ¥è©Šæ¹é©ã§4æèœã謳ã£ãã®ãããã£ãã®ã§ãããçµå±ãæ°éè©Šéšã¯å°åãè²»çšã®é¢ã§äžå ¬å¹³æããã£ãããäœçš®é¡ãã®ãã¹ããCEFRãšããäžã€ã®åºæºã§æž¬ãããšããããšã«æ¹å€çãªäººãå€ãã£ãããšãçœãããŠã2020幎床ã®å ±éãã¹ãã§ã¯ãæ¡çšãããŸããã§ãããã€ãŸããæºåäžè¶³ã§ãã
ããŸããä»åã®èšäºã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãè±èªæè²ã«çŠããããŠããã»ããªã³ã¬ã«ããçã¿ãåã©ããã¡ã®æé·ãæ²ããŠããŸãã®ã§ãåé¡ããããŸããä¿è·è ã®çããã«ã¯ãåã©ãããã€ãªã³ã¬ã«ã«ã§ããç¶æ³ãåŠãããèŠæ¥µããŠããã ããããšæããŸãã
ãè±èªãèªç±ã«æããããã«ãªãããšã¯ãåã©ãã«ãšã£ãŠå°æ¥æå©ã«åããŸããããããäžæ©ééããã°ãå šæç§ã®åŠåã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒããŠããŸãããšããèŠããŠãããŠã»ãããšæããŸãã
ãä»åã®èšäºããçããã®ã圹ã«ç«ãŠãã°ãšãŠãå¬ããã§ãã (take_futa)
ðãECSã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããããšããäŒç€Ÿã®ãããªååã®å人ããã°ããæè²ãããŒãã«ãéããŠããŸããèŠããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããâ¬ð