今日の英語ニュース☆2023.12.07☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Dec. 6, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・上の字幕ファイルがメインです。以下はサンプル程度
[00:00] Introduction
今日の番組内容
[02:20]★今日のおすすめ★ UN human rights chief warns of 'apocalyptic' crisis in Gaza as fighting intensifies
イスラエルとハマスの戦い６１日目／ガザの人道状況さらに悪化
Israel intensified its military operations in Gaza's second largest city, forcing tens of thousands of Palestinians to flee and making it more difficult to deliver aid. The UN says nearly 1.9 million people, over 80 percent of Gaza's population, have been displaced by the war. They're now crowded into small areas with the humanitarian situation worsening by the day. Amna Nawaz reports.
《After a report that Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas said he would be willing to assume governance, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu posted -- quote -- "Those who educate their children for terrorism, finance terrorism and support terrorist families will not be able to rule Gaza after eliminating Hamas"; 》
[07:20] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
A gunman opened fire at UNLV and shot at least three people, the Justice Department charged four Russians with war crimes against an American living in Ukraine, Republicans are holding their fourth presidential debate and former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy is leaving Congress by the end of the year.
《President Biden urged Congress today to approve billions of dollars in new military and economic aid to Ukraine. The White House says the money will run out at year's end without congressional action. The president said that would be a gift to Russian President Vladimir Putin and that he would not stop with Ukraine; In Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said today his government will boost its own military production and defeat Russia against all odds; The U.S. Justice Department today charged four Russians with war crimes against an American living in Ukraine. They're accused of kidnapping the man from the village where he lived with his Ukrainian wife in the spring of 2022. Then they allegedly tortured him for 10 days. The charges are largely symbolic, since the four defendants are not in U.S. custody; ケビン・マッカーシー前議長、次の選挙に不出馬表明; There's new evidence that 2023 is set to be the warmest year on record. European Union scientists report that November was the sixth month in a row to break heat marks; some of the country's biggest banks appealed to U.S. senators today to head off new regulations. The Biden administration's proposals would force the firms to keep more capital on hand. But CEOs of seven major banks argued it would curtail lending and hurt profits. They also condemned efforts to limit overdraft fees; The banks say they need flexibility in the face of inflation and higher interest rates. Regulators say this year's bank failures call for tougher rules; 》
[12:12] Sen. Durbin discusses deadlock in Congress over Ukraine, Israel aid and border security
ウクライナやイスラエルへの支援、議会で頓挫／ディック・ダービン上院民主党院内幹事に聞く
Days of tension on Capitol Hill culminated Wednesday with Republicans rejecting a measure to move ahead on additional funding for Ukraine and Israel. GOP lawmakers insisted that aid be paired with major changes to border security. Now, the assistance for Ukraine is stalled until Congress finds a way forward. Amna Nawaz discussed the debate with Illinois Sen. Dick Durbin.
[18:28] The scientific and cultural impact of the International Space Station after 25 years
国際宇宙ステーション２５周年
This week marks the 25th anniversary of when astronauts first entered the beginnings of the International Space Station. A quarter of a century later, the station is manned by seven international crew members and has become an iconic and important part of space history. But the celebration is bittersweet as the ISS is set to be decommissioned. Geoff Bennett discussed more with Miles O’Brien.
《What would you say are the main accomplishments of the International Space Station 25 years later? MILES O'BRIEN: I would say, Geoff, it is not so much the science, as it is the partnership itself; Right now, NASA has committed to flying the station until 2030. The Russians say they want to get out a little bit sooner, but we are in the latter days of the space station era, at least the International Space Station era; One of the companies, Axiom, based in Houston, which has a lot of old NASA space station players involved in it, actually has a docking port on the current International Space Station and aims to launch a module onto the space station to get it sort of up and running; You think of the decision back in 2006, I believe it was, when Congress said NASA should not partner with the Chinese on the space station. The Chinese really wanted in... China has a space station now. It's been up and running, continuously manned now since 2021; Vladimir Putin claims Russia will build another government-run space station that it hopes to have in orbit by 2027. Remains to be seen if that's going to be real; How will NASA ensure that this giant space station doesn't become dangerous space junk and reenter the atmosphere in an uncontrolled manner? MILES O'BRIEN: Yes, this is the Skylab scenario, 1979. The first U.S. space station fell out of the sky in an uncontrolled manner because it was waiting for the space shuttle to come boosted and it wasn't ready to do that. And so it came down. Most of it landed in the Indian Ocean. Parts of it landed over Western Australia. It was a very controversial thing and had a lot of people scared there for a little while. What they will do in this case is build a giant space tug, maybe turning to SpaceX. We will see. Attach it to the space station, so it can be thrust down in a controlled manner into the Southern Pacific Ocean, where no one gets hurt, hopefully; 》
[21:11] So when is the International Space Station slated for retirement? MILES O'BRIEN: Yes, Geoff, it's a little long in tooth at this point. Some of the Russian modules have been leaking and there have been other problems along the way. It's getting old.
[** long in the tooth = getting old; old < Animals' teeth, especially those of horses, are thought to be an indicator of age. As animals age, their gums recede, and their teeth look longer (thefreedictionary) ]
[24:48]★今日のおすすめ★ America at a Crossroads: How the pandemic made it difficult for Americans to separate politics from public health
岐路に立つアメリカ：分断の原因と解決策を探るシリーズの第20回／パンデミックで不明瞭になった政治と医療の境界
シリーズ 第１回 第２回 第３回 第４回
第５回 第５回 第７回 第８回
第９回 第１０回 第１１回 第１２回
第１３回 第１４回 第１５回
第１６回 第１７回 第１８回
第１９回
Just over 15 percent of American adults have gotten the latest COVID booster. Demand for the vaccine has dropped sharply since it was first introduced at the height of the pandemic. That's partly because the government's response to COVID-19 has been so politically charged. Judy Woodruff discussed that with public health experts for her series, America at a Crossroads.
《A poll out this September showed 91 percent of Democratic voters had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, compared with 66 percent of Republican voters; multiple studies show more Republican strongholds that resisted public health measures and vaccinations fared worse in terms of infection and mortality rates; there was an entire ecosystem of elected officials on the far right, together with FOX News and other news outlets. It was a predatory, organized, and deliberate disinformation campaign that convinced Americans that the vaccines didn't work or weren't safe, and they believed it, and they paid for it with their lives; Just under 1,900 children have died from COVID in the U.S. since the pandemic began; Dr. Peter Hotez worries that our experience with the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing questioning and even threatening of scientists and public health officials will thwart the U.S. response to the next health emergency; 》
[29:38] PETER HOTEZ: Well, there was an entire ecosystem of elected officials on the far right, together with FOX News and other news outlets. It was a predatory, organized, and deliberate disinformation [** disinformationとmisinformationの違いについて ] campaign that convinced Americans that the vaccines didn't work or weren't safe, and they believed it, and they paid for it with their lives.
[34:24] RENATA MOON: The medical school that terminated my employment sent the message that, if you dare question anything related to COVID, if you dare color outside the lines of what is allowed, what the main narrative is, then you will be punished, right?
[** to color outside the lines = To think or act in a way that does not conform to set rules. Likened to the way a child might color outside the lines of a coloring book (thefreedictionary) ]
[37:36]★今日のおすすめ★ Tim Alberta discusses his new book exploring American evangelicals and political extremism
新刊本『The Kingdom, The Power and the Glory: American Evangelicals in an Age of Extremism』の著者ティム・アルバータに聞く／白人福音派有権者はなぜキリスト教価値観に矛盾するドナルド・トランプ支持を続けるのか／キリスト教に根差したアメリカを失うくらいなら独裁体制も容認
White evangelical voters helped Donald Trump win the White House in 2016 and stuck by him in 2020. Political journalist Tim Alberta sought to find out why, as that support is largely inconsistent with basic Christian values. His new book, “The Kingdom, The Power and the Glory,” offers a view of how GOP politics are transforming and fracturing the church. Alberta discussed more with Geoff Bennett.
《I have talked to evangelical Trump supporters who have compared him to consequential biblical figures like David, Cyrus, Solomon to make the point that he is someone, in their view, who can effect God's will without having to manifest any Christian values whatsoeve; when Donald Trump first came along in 2015 launching his campaign for president, he was mocked widely by evangelicals when he made his famous 2 Corinthians gaffe when he was speaking at Liberty University at the beginning of 2016; You said white evangelical. And I think it's important to sort of hone in on this idea that, for the white Christian in America, they are now losing status in ways that they have never seen before, that, if you look, just statistically and demographically, 50 years ago, during the heyday of the Moral Majority, this was fundamentally a different country then than it is today. We are looking at decades-long downward trajectories in terms of the white percentage of the country, the percentage of the country that identifies as Christian, that identifies as churchgoing. And there is a sense of impending doom for a lot of these people, that the government is coming for them, that Christianity is in the crosshairs, and that we need to fight back; And, in some sense, it takes someone like Donald Trump, who's not a Christian. And because he's not a Christian, he's not beholden to Christian values, and, therefore, it makes him almost this mercenary who's willing to fight on behalf of this beleaguered population who feels under siege, and they have turned to someone like Donald Trump to do the dirty work for them; I think, in many ways, Christian nationalism is revolving around this idea that the Christian nation that we inherited from the founders, that it was an explicitly Christian nation, not just a nation informed by Judeo-Christian principles and values, but explicitly formed to be a Christian nation, that that has to be recovered, that it has to be restored; we are talking in some sense here about the T-word, theocracy. I mean, there are people in this movement, and, I would add, people who hold real power and influence in the Republican Party, people who are close to former President Donald Trump, who would certainly be advising him in a second term, who have no qualms talking about the idea of essentially demolishing the wall between church and state idea of essentially demolishing the wall between church and state; when he (= Trump) talks about how the Christian church is under siege and so is he, when he talks to these evangelical supporters of his and says, really, they, the deep state, the liberals, the secularists, they're coming after you, but first they have to get through me, and that's why I'm being charged with all these indictments. That's why they're trying to take me down, is so that they can get to you; when he pitches himself as a strongman, as a would-be authoritarian, I think in many ways what these people hear is, well, desperate times call for desperate measures, right? In other words -- and there's some polling to back this up. There's some pretty good social science just the last couple of years around this idea that, for many white conservative evangelicals who are supportive of Trump, they would gladly embrace a sort of lurch toward authoritarianism if it meant preserving what they see as a Christian America, rather than lose in a liberal democratic fashion; 》
[38:40] And I think what it revealed more than anything, Geoff, was just this epiphany of, boy, if I, the son of the senior pastor who was here for 25 years leading this congregation, if I, who grew up here -- these people have known me since I was 5 years old -- if I could be treated this way, if I could be regarded as a member of the deep state, as an enemy of the church, as an apostate, if I could be treated that way, then how are we treating those outside the church?
[** deep state = 以前の番組に出てきました ]
[39:51] Obviously, when Donald Trump first came along in 2015 launching his campaign for president, he was mocked widely by evangelicals when he made his famous 2 Corinthians gaffe when he was speaking at Liberty University at the beginning of 2016.
[** トランプが新約聖書のSecond Corinthians(コリントの信徒への手紙２)をTwo Corinthiansと間違えて言ったエピソード。
https://www.npr.org/2016/01/18/463528847/citing-two-corinthians-trump-struggles-to-make-the-sale-to-evangelicals]
[40:29] And I think it's important to sort of hone in on this idea that, for the white Christian in America, they are now losing status in ways that they have never seen before, that, if you look, just statistically and demographically, 50 years ago, during the heyday of the Moral Majority, this was fundamentally a different country then than it is today. We are looking at decades-long downward trajectories in terms of the white percentage of the country, the percentage of the country that identifies as Christian, that identifies as churchgoing.
[** Moral Majority was an American political organization associated with the Christian right and Republican Party. It was founded in 1979 by Baptist minister Jerry Falwell Sr. and associates, and dissolved in the late 1980s. It played a key role in the mobilization of conservative Christians as a political force and particularly in Republican presidential victories throughout the 1980s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority //
moral majority (小文字) = 伝統的な道徳観を支持する多数派 ]
[41:03] And there is a sense of impending doom for a lot of these people, that the government is coming for them, that Christianity is in the crosshairs, and that we need to fight back.
[** to come for someone = to seek someone in order to apprehend or attack them ]
[41:53] I think, in many ways, Christian nationalism is revolving around this idea that the Christian nation that we inherited from the founders, that it was an explicitly Christian nation, not just a nation informed by Judeo-Christian principles and values, but explicitly formed to be a Christian nation, that that has to be recovered, that it has to be restored.
[** to inform = to affect, influence; to give form or character to ]
[43:21] GEOFF BENNETT: So, when Donald Trump says he wouldn't be a dictator if reelected, except for day one, what he said earlier this week in that televised town hall with Sean Hannity, what do his evangelical supporters hear?
TIM ALBERTA: It's another great question, I mean, and you're right, because there's a dog whistle there. I think what Trump is speaking to here is a persecution complex more than anything else, when he talks about how the Christian church is under siege and so is he, when he talks to these evangelical supporters of his and says, really, they, the deep state, the liberals, the secularists, they're coming after you, but first they have to get through me, and that's why I'm being charged with all these indictments. That's why they're trying to take me down, is so that they can get to you.
[** dog whislte = (politics) an expression or statement that has a secondary meaning intended to be understood only by a particular group of people. 「犬笛」。一般の人は気づかないが、特定の人には伝わる含みのあるメッセージ ]
[** persecution complex = persecutory delusion = A persecutory delusion is a type of delusional condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecutory_delusion ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります )
迫害妄想、被害妄想 ]
[45:30] Rob Reiner on Norman Lear's groundbreaking career and legacy
TVプロデューサーのノーマン・リア死去／ゴールデンタイムを変えた足跡を振り返る／49:00～俳優ロブ・ライナーに聞く
Norman Lear, the groundbreaking TV producer and writer, died Tuesday at the age of 101. He revolutionized primetime television with a string of hits, dominating the airwaves in the 70s and 80s, and showcased political and social issues of the day in a way not done before. Rob Reiner, one of the stars of "All in the Family," joined Jeffrey Brown to discuss Lear's legacy.
《Norman Lear(1922-2023); you're talking about a man who flew 57 bombing missions over Nazi Germany during World War II. So, the fights that he had with censors and with the executives, that was small potatoes; 》
[48:02] In 1980, he founded the nonprofit People For the American Way to counter the rising influence of the Christian right in the Moral Majority movement.
[** People For the American Way, or PFAW ... is a progressive advocacy group in the United States. Organized as a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization, PFAW was registered in 1981 by the television producer Norman Lear, a self-described liberal who founded the organization in 1980 to challenge the Christian right agenda of the Moral Majority...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way ]
[53:16] We were on television at a time when there was only 200 million people in the country, and there were 40, 45 million people having a shared experience. You couldn't tape it. You had to watch it when it was on. And so we put these issues out there and we had people talking. Now that discussion has gone away. We're all in these silos. We don't talk to each other, and we're seeing the rise of the very thing he fought his life for, is against fascism and to preserve democracy. And we see this fascism starting to creep back in.
[** silo = A self-enclosed group of like-minded individuals (wiktionary) ]