by vs. till/until

by vs. till/until

「和訳」でなく「図式」で覚えよう！

Unfortunately, we now and then get perplexed with confusing pairs of English expressions when learning English.

Some confusions stem from learning English words through Japanese equivalents（和訳）.

Notorious examples include: 'by ～'(～まで 、 ～までに) vs. 'till/until ～'(～まで 、 ～までずっと). Today, I remembered that I had luckily found a practical solution to this kind of problem (or at least the pair above) before.
Let me show it in the following diagram. How about that?

「図式」で覚えよう！