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Scottish independence
Scotland and UK
Britain once proudly ruled the waves and about a quarter of the world.
However, British empire has shrunk again and again.
Nowadays, a fierce political battle for independence in Scotland is under increasing strain.
In this essay, I would like to consider the possibility that Britain breaks up.
The History of UK
Scotland has a long and proud history as an independent nation.
For a long time, Scotland and England shared a king and an army but had separate parliaments and laws.
At one time, Scotland was left in serious debt because of aggression on Panama afterward.
Then, union with England was proposed it looked to some like a sensible financial decision and acts of union were passed by 1707.
Thanks to this, Scotland could trade with the English colonies and enjoy the prosperity.
After 1922, Northern Ireland, Scotland and England has made up United Kingdom until today.
Turning point
For Scotland, trade with the UK is a compelling reason to stay in the union.
However, the discovery of oil off the coast of Scotland gained ground Scottish nationalism.
Moreover, de-industrialization in the 1980s under British prime minister Margaret Thatcher boosted a trend for its independence.
As a result, in 1997, Scotland's own parliament was created for the first time in nearly 300 years and devolution gave Scotland the power to make decisions on areas like agriculture, education and health known as devolved matter.
But, UK-wide concerns such as immigration, foreign policy and offence were managed by Westminster known as reserved matters.
Referendum in 2014
It was believed would see the end of nationalism but in reality this devolution encouraged Scottish nationalists to ask for more devolution.
In 2011, SNP, which is the Scottish national party, won a majority and it led them to ask for Scottish independence.
However, the result of Scottish independence referendum in 2014 was disappointment for them.
People voted to remain in the UK by 55 to 45% and that seemed to the end of that.
The outbreak of Brexit
In 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU by 52 to 48%.
But, this result didn't reflect the Scottish portion of the vote where 62% voted to remain.
Massive decision was taken without the concern of people in Scotland.
That is why people became to have the idea that UK couldn't accommodate Scottish distinctive wishes as a nation within the UK.
In fact, after the Brexit vote, support for independence overlook support for devolution ore remaining partly governed by Westminster.
Economy or National identity
From an economic point of view, some business people are worried about what independence might mean for trade with the rest of the UK.
That's because the border between England and Scotland would become a border between what's left of Britain and the EU and this could potentially disrupt trade with England, Scotland's main trading partner.
So, for nationalists, it is difficult to claim that Scotland could rejoin the EU as an independent nation and it's better off.
But, This fence about independence and the aspect of trade and economics may not matter in a debate about national identity.
In the case of Brexit, the idea of taking back control is very powerful.
Feasibility of independence
In reality, SNP might not be able to hold another referendum.
It is because the law is clear that British prime minister has to grant permission for a referendum but Mr. Johnson has made it clear he has no intention of doing it.
So, whether the Scottish parliament has the legal right to organize a referendum without Westminster's permission, it will be in a stalemate.
Possible scenarios
Whatever happens between Scotland and England, the other devolved nation will be watching keenly.
There are calls in Wales for more devolution and Northern island has possibility for a referendum on reunification with Ireland.
Everyone hopes that if any of the nations of the UK do break away, it will be one in a peaceful and orderly way that minimizes damage to the economy.
However, such a neat divorce would have few precedents in the 20th century.
The breakup of countries usually followed economic chaos, decolonization or war.
One thing I can say for sure is that the increasing calls for independence could be the most significant thing that Westminster has to manage over coming years.
Reference Link
2021.04.21.Wed.(Last modified)