The Old Man and the Sea[老人と海]②:冠詞と代名詞の使い分け
Ernest Hemingway氏の"The Old Man and the Sea"（邦題「老人と海」）第二弾、名著の冒頭部分の和英比較と注目ポイントの解説を通して、英語と日本語の仕組みの違いを学んでもらいます。特に冠詞と代名詞の使い分けを中心に解説します。
いわゆる学校英語や学術英語で整理しきれていない部分を面白いと思っていただけると幸いです（閲覧して面白いと思った方は、コメントしていただけると、教材や答え合わせを今後公開する励みになります）。
探しやすいように、代名詞heとその格変化したものを太字にして右にナンバリングしてあります。重要な名詞句（a/the old man、a/the boy、a man）も同様に、太字にして右にナンバリングしてあります。
［タイトル］The Old Man and the Sea / 老人と海
［本文：最初から］
（｢The Old Man and the Sea[老人と海]①｣で紹介&解説済）
He1 was an old man1 who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he2 had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy1 had been with him3. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s2 parents had told him4 that the old man2 was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy3 had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy4 sad to see the old man3 come in each day with his5 skiff empty and he6 always went down to help him7 carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
The old man4 was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his8 neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his9 cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his10 face and his11 hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him12 was old except his13 eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
“Santiago,” the boy5 said to him14 as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”
The old man5 had taught the boy6 to fish and the boy7 loved him15.
“No,” the old man6 said. “You’re with a lucky boat. Stay with them.”
“But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.”
“I remember,” the old man7 said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”
“It was papa made me leave. I am a boy8 and I must obey him16.”
“I know,” the old man8 said. “It is quite normal.”
“He17 hasn’t much faith.”
“No,” the old man9 said. “But we have. Haven’t we?”
“Yes,” the boy9 said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.”
“Why not?” the old man10 said. “Between fishermen.”
［以下、②続き］（太字や日本語部分は私が入力）
They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man11 and he18 was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him19 and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen. The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana. Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.
※the old man11=he18=him19
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.
“Santiago,” the boy10 said.
※"the boy10"がSantiago（まだID不明）に呼びかける
“Yes,” the old man12 said. He20 was holding his21 glass and thinking of many years ago.
※the old man12=Santiago、老人の名前が判明
※the old man12=he20=his21
“Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?”
“No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.”
※Rogelioが登場するもまだID不明
“I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you. I would like to serve in some way.”
“You bought me a beer,” the old man13 said. “You are already a man1.”
※"a man1"は"a boy8"と同じく｢任意性｣の不定冠詞（成人男性なら誰でも当てはまる特性を既に少年も備えている）
“How old was I when you first took me in a boat?”
“Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he22 nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?”
※he22の先行詞は?
“I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing. I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him23 like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.”
※him23の先行詞は?
“Can you really remember that or did I just tell it to you?”
“I remember everything from when we first went together.”
The old man14 looked at him24 with his25 sun-burned, confident loving eyes.
※him24とhis25がどの男性を指すか（これが"the old man looked at himself"なら?）
今回のご紹介は以上です。アーネスト・ヘミングウェイ氏による実に見事な冠詞と代名詞の使い分け、いかがでしたか？
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