（番外編） 高専入試の社会を英語で 令和5年社会 （追試）大問7政治思想
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解説動画
回答＃１
回答 ＃２
回答 完結編
音声動画
その１
その２
英文はこちら
動画その１の英語
The following text is a summary of A's research on modern democratic politics as part of their social studies class. Read this and answer questions 1 to 4.
Regarding the ideas about the structure of politics in the period since the modern period, it is mainly famous for being proposed by Western thinkers.
In the 18th century, French philosopher Montesquieu wrote 'The Spirit of the Laws,' which later had a significant impact on the French Revolution.
A phrase that expresses the way of democratic politics is, in the 19th century, mentioned in a speech by the American president Lincoln: 'government of the people, by the people, for the people.
Such democratic political ideas spread not only in the Western world but also in other regions like Asia. However, in the first half and mid-20th century, there were global-scale wars, and democracy faced a crisis.
動画その２の英語
Regarding the underlined part (1), A searched for "The Spirit of Laws" in the library, as well as other books and materials from various thinkers, and transcribed or summarized important sections.
Choose the correct option from A to E as what A transcribed or summarized from "The Spirit of Laws." Please note that all the choices are Japanese translations of books or materials, and some parts have been made more readable or omitted.
A To prevent the abuse of power by individuals, power must check power.
If the same individual were to exercise these three powers, namely the power to make laws, the power to execute public decisions, and the power to judge crimes and disputes between private individuals, everything would be lost.
B First, there is freedom of speech and expression everywhere in the world.
Second, there is freedom of worship, each person following their own way, everywhere in the world.
Third, there is freedom from want everywhere in the world.
Fourth, there is freedom from fear everywhere in the world."
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
Declaration of Independence
D Property being a sacred and inviolable right, no one can be deprived of it, unless in cases of evident public necessity, legally determined, and upon the condition of a just and previous indemnity.""
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Q3
P In Japan's parliamentary system, if a vote of no confidence is passed against the cabinet in both the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, either only the House of Representatives is dissolved, or the cabinet must resign.
Q In the United States' presidential system, the President is elected by the United States Congress, governs based on the confidence of Congress, and Congress holds the power of impeachment of the President.
Q4
A: All judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and other inferior courts.
B:As part of its duties, the Cabinet executes laws, concludes treaties, and issues ordinances.
C:Both houses of the National Diet can conduct investigations related to national politics.
D:The Emperor is the head of state, exercising sovereign powers and conducting government affairs in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
単語集
A
Summery: 要約
Research: 研究
Modern: 近代の
Democratic: 民主主義の
Politics: 政治
Social study: 社会学
Structure: 構造
Be famous for: ～で有名である
Propose: 提案する
Thinker: 思想家
Philosopher: 哲学者
The spirit of laws: 『法の精神』
Significant: 重要な
Impact: 影響
Revolution: 革命
Government: 政府
Government of the people, by the people, for the people: 人民の、人民による、人民のための政治
Mid-20th century: 20世紀半ば
Democracy: 民主主義
Underline: 下線を引く
Transcribe: 書き写す
Readable: 読みやすい
Omit: 省略する
イ
Freedom: 自由
Freedom of speech: 言論の自由
Freedom of expression: 表現の自由
Worship: 崇拝
Want: 欲求
Fear: 恐れ
Universal: 普遍的な
Declaration: 宣言
Human right: 人権
ウ
Self-evident: 自明の
Create: 造る
Endow: 与える
Unalienable: 剥奪できない
Liberty: 自由
Pursuit: 追求
Independence: 独立
エ
Property: 財産
Sacred: 神聖な
Inviolable: 不可侵の
Deprive of: 奪う
Unless: ～でない限り
Evident: 明白な
Necessity: 必要性
Legally: 法的に
Determined: 決定された
Indemnity: 賠償
Citizen: 市民
Q3
Parliamentary: 議会の
Vote: 投票
Confidence: 信任
Cabinet: 内閣
House of representatives: 代議院
House of councilors: 参議院
Dissolve: 解散
Resign: 辞任
Q3
Presidential: 大統領の
President: 大統領
Elect: 選出する
Congress: 議会
Govern: 統治する
Impeachment: 弾劾
Q4
Judicial: 司法の
Belong to: 属する
Supreme court: 最高裁判所
Inferior court: 下級裁判所
Duty: 職務
Laws: 法律
Treaty: 条約
Issue: 発行する
Ordinance: 条例
Diet: 国会
Conduct: 行う
Investigation: 調査
Related to: ～に関連した
Emperor: 皇帝
Head of state: 国家元首
Sovereign: 主権者
Affairs: 事務
Accordance with: ～に従って
Provision: 条項
Constitution: 憲法
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