毎日英語学習

こんにちは

毎日英語の学習をしています

ここにアウトプットを目的とした文章を載せています

読んでくださった方の役に立てば幸いです

今回のテーマは”中世音楽”です

Medieval/Early Church Music

The first known written comes from the Middle Ages (400s-1400s).

It takes the form of plainchant —— also known as Gregorian Chant —— sung melodies used by monks during the Catholic Mass.

The Mass is a ritual reenactment of Christ’s Last Supper, intended to provide a spiritual connection between man and God.

Part of this connection was established through music.

The Mass is divided into two sets of rituals: the ordinary and the proper.

The ordinary consists of six Latin prayers (Kyrie Eleison, Gloria in Excelsis, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, and Ite missa est), which always contain the same text and occur at every Mass.

The prayers of the proper which include the Introït, Gradual, Offertory, and Communion, consist of texts that vary according to seasonal liturgy and local traditions.

Medical musicians passed Gregorian melodies along orally, creating new ones by combining melodic formulas.

Most medical music is monophonic, consisting of a single melodic line.

But around the tenth century, some musicians began to write in a polyphonic style called organum —— two parallel melody lines, usually a fourth or a fifth apart.

Two centuries later, Léonin and Perotin (music directors at the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris), composed organs with up to four independent, nonparallel music lines.

In the thirteenth century, a complex polyphonic form known as moist emerged.

It was made up of a Latinate cantus firmus, or fixed melodic line, with several other complementary parts sung in French, Latin, or both.

Guillaume de Machaut was an early master of the motet, and in the fourteenth century, he composed the first complete polyphonic setting of the Mass ordinary.