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Osechi dish
おせちについて海外の方に聞かれることが多いので、英語でメモしました。
おせちは神に捧げる食べ物だったようで、それが次第に庶民の間で食べられるようになったそうです。また、お正月に休めるように保存(Preservable)がきくものという意味もあります。
おせちは重箱に入れられますが、その入れるものには以下の意味があります。
Osechi: First Tier
■Appetizers and Celebration Food
The first tier is the top tier, and is filled with celebratory food suitable for New Year. Among them, herring roe, tazukuri, and black beans (★) are called the "three kinds of dishes" or "mitsuzaku" and are considered indispensable. In Kansai, black beans or tazukuri are called pounded burdock (☆).
Herring roe...blessed with children and prosperous descendants. As it is the offspring of herring, it is "the child of two parents," which also translates to "two parents alive and well"
Tazukuri (gomame)...called "tazukuri" and "50,000 rice" because sardines were used as fertilizer for the fields, and is a prayer for a good harvest
Black beans...to work diligently (hardworking) and live diligently (strong and healthy)
Tatakigobo...like burdock, it spreads its roots deep and continues for generations. It is pounded to open the body and pray for good fortune
Red and white kamaboko...the semicircle represents the rising sun (the New Year god). Red and white are auspicious, with red warding off evil and white pure.
Datemaki... "Date" means gorgeous. Scrolls are similar to books and hanging scrolls, so it is a prayer for the development of knowledge and culture.
Kombumaki... A play on "joy" and "Yoro konbu". It is written as "kosei" and also means prosperity of descendants.
Kurikinton... Chestnuts are auspicious and called "winning chestnuts". It is written as "kindan", and is golden in color, auspicious and leads to wealth accumulation.
Choroki... Written as "Choroki" and "Chiyoroki", it is a prayer for longevity.
おせち:一の重
■口取り・祝い肴
一の重は一番上の段で、正月にふさわしい祝い肴を詰めます。そのなかでも、数の子・田作り・黒豆(★)を「三種肴(さんしゅこう)」「三つ肴」といい、欠かせないものとされています。関西では、黒豆または田作りをたたきごぼう(☆)とします。
数の子……子宝に恵まれ、子孫繁栄。ニシンの子なので「二親の子」となり、「二親健在」にも通じる
田作り(ごまめ)……イワシが畑の肥料だったことから「田作り」「五万米」と呼ばれ、豊作祈願
黒豆……まめに(勤勉に)働き、まめに(丈夫で元気に)暮らせるように
たたきごぼう……ごぼうのように根を深く張り代々続く。たたいて身を開き開運を願う
紅白かまぼこ……半円形は日の出(年神様)。紅白でめでたく、魔除けの紅と清浄の白。
伊達巻き……華やかな意の「伊達」。巻き物が書物や掛軸に通じることから知識や文化の発達を願う
昆布巻……「喜ぶ」「養老昆布」にかけて。「子生」と書き子孫繁栄という意味も
栗きんとん……栗は「勝ち栗」と呼ばれる縁起もの。「金団」と書き、黄金色で縁起がよく蓄財につながる
ちょろぎ……「長老喜」「千世呂木」と書き、長寿を願う
Osechi: Second tier
■Grilled food
The focus is on auspicious seafood.
Buri... Yellowtail is a fish that rises in popularity, and it is a prayer for success in life.
Tai... A play on "auspiciousness".
Prawn... To live long enough to bend your back.
おせち:二の重
■焼物
縁起のいい海の幸が中心です。
ぶり……出世魚のぶりで立身出世を願う
鯛……「めでたい」にかけて
海老……腰が曲がるまで長生きできるように
Osechi: Third tier
■Boiled food
The focus is on mountain produce, and it is boiled to encourage family ties.
Lotus root...The holes in it suggest a good outlook for the future
Taro...The many baby potatoes it produces suggest a prosperous lineage
Yatsugashira...Just as becoming a head and getting promoted, the many baby potatoes it produces suggest a prosperous lineage
Kwai...Large buds sprout, which is auspicious, and the many baby bulbs it produces suggest a prosperous lineage
Burdock...It has deep roots and continues to be used for generation
おせち:三の重
■煮物
山の幸を中心に、家族が仲良く結ばれるよう煮しめます。
れんこん……穴があいていることから、将来の見通しがきくように
里芋……子芋がたくさんつくことから、子孫繁栄
八つ頭……頭となって出世をするように、子芋がたくさんつくので子孫繁栄
くわい……大きな芽が出て「めでたい」、子球がたくさんつくので子孫繁栄
ごぼう……根を深く張り代々続く
Osechi: Yo no Ju
■ Vinegared dishes and salads
A balanced vinegared dish with fresh vegetables that lasts a long time.
※The taboo number "four" is not used, so it is called "Yo no Ju".
Red and white pickled vegetables...Red and white, which is auspicious, and also linked to the mizuhiki used for celebrations. It spreads its roots like a root vegetable
Kikuka Kabu...The chrysanthemum is a symbol of exorcism of evil spirits and eternal youth and longevity
おせち:与の重
■酢の物・和えもの
生野菜をバランスよく、日持ちのする酢の物で。
※忌み数字の「四」は使わず、「与の重」とします。
紅白なます……紅白でめでたく、祝いの水引にも通じる。根菜のように根を張るように
菊花かぶ……菊は邪気を祓いと不老長寿の象徴
Osechi: Go no Ju
■ Kake no Ju
Leave it empty to fill it with the good fortune bestowed by the New Year God, or fill it with your family's favorite foods or spare dishes.
おせち:五の重
■控えの重
年神様から授かった福を詰める場所として空っぽにしておくか、家族の好物や予備の料理などを入れます。
こうしておせちを準備したら、必ず祝い箸でいただきましょう。