「夏休みの友」を名乗る厚かましい奴または「自由研究」
私の小学校時代、「夏休みの友」という名前の問題集が、夏休みの宿題のうちの一つだった。だいたい、２０～３０ページの問題集だった、と思う。地域によって、呼び名は違うが、この記事によると、これが全く無いところもあるようだ。
２０２０年の栃木県の「夏休みの友」についての記事があった（タイトル写真もここから引用）。
本年度は夏休みの大幅短縮により宿題を減らす学校が多いことから、同書を採用する学校が半分程度に激減したという。
本年度は新学習指導要領の実施に合わせ、１００人以上の本県教職員が全学年で内容の全面改訂とページの増量を行った。
また、この記事によると、岐阜県では、「夏休みの友」が「教員の情熱により今も変わらず７０年以上発行が続く」という。ただ、岐阜県では、読み物が中心だそうだ。編集のノウハウも蓄積されているのだろう。
編集委員会は、現職の県内の小中学校の校長や教頭、教諭ら約５０人。内容は少しずつ見直され、掲載する児童の作品や作文は、毎年全て差し替える。教諭らは総括、読書、郷土読み物、家庭地域、宝物、学習、表紙の７領域に分かれて担当し、冊子も７領域で構成される。
時代ごとに大きな改訂が行われ、当初は学習や作文のページが大半を占めていたが、７４年に健康や研究、遊びなどの領域別の内容になり、７７年からは編集委員会も領域別に構成され、児童の興味や関心を大切にした編集が進められた。夏休みのガイドブックとして読み物中心になり、現在では８８～９２ページのうち学習は２割程度になっている。
しかし、本業に加えてこのような仕事を担当する教師の負担は少なくないと思う。なぜなら、この記事の通り、教員数が不足しているからだ。
教員が足りず、学校に本来配置するはずの人数を満たせない状態が今年度、全国の公立小中学校、高校、特別支援学校の4・8%にあたる1591校で生じていることが、文部科学省の調査で分かった。
現に、この記事によると、岐阜県でも教員が不足している。
５月１日時点で小学校１３人、中学校３人、高校１３人、特別支援学校４人が不足していた。４月時点では４１人で、不足分の人数は減少したが、昨年５月１日時点の２７人と比べて６人増えた。
教師個人の「情熱」に頼ってはいられない時代だと思う。「夏休みの友」の存在意義を毎年確認するべきだろう。
そして、私の小学校時代は、この他にも絵とか工作とか、読書感想文とか、自由研究とか、夏休みの宿題は多かった。
自由研究については、『学研の科学』の付録に頼ったこともある。大きな模造紙に、その「研究」結果を書いて、生徒が一人ひとり発表した。
『学研の科学』はすでに休刊して久しい。しかし夏休みの需要を当て込んで、学研は特別号を発行していて、評判もよさそうだ。
一方、この記事によると、
コロナ禍前に比べ、授業での観察、実験は減っている。同時実施の学校アンケートでは、理科授業で週１回以上、観察や実験を行った小学校は１６・２ポイント減り４４・９％。中学校は１８・８ポイント減の４５・８％だった。
『あの病気』のしわ寄せが、理科の実験体験の程度に徐実に現れているのだった。その意味では、夏休みに家庭でできる理科の実験を、やってみるのはいいと思う。
「自由研究」をインターネットで検索すれば、研究テーマの候補について複数の記事が見つかる。しかしこれもまた、前に書いた記事のように、生徒がインターネット接続できる環境を持っているかどうかに依存する。
教わる方も教える方も、問題を抱えている。
The thick-skinned homework who calls himself a "summer friend" or making a report of experiment or observation or research etc.. where students can freely choose the theme
When I was in elementary school, a workbook called "Summer Vacation Friends" was one of my summer homework assignments. I think it was about 20-30 pages of problems. Depending on the region, the name is different, but according to this article, there are places that do not have this at all.
There was an article about "Summer Vacation Friends" in Tochigi Prefecture in 2020 (the title photo is also quoted from here).
Due to the drastic shortening of summer vacation this year, many schools have reduced their homework, so the number of schools that hand out "summer vacation friends" to their students has plummeted to about half. This year, in line with the implementation of the new Courses of Study, more than 100 teachers and staff members of the prefecture have completely revised the content and increased the number of pages for all grades.
Also, according to this article, in Gifu Prefecture, "Summer Vacation Friends" has been published for more than 70 years without change due to the passion of teachers. However, in Gifu Prefecture, reading is the main focus. Editing know-how is also accumulated.
The editorial committee is made up of about 50 current elementary and junior high school principals, vice principals, and teachers. The contents are reviewed little by little, and the children's works and essays to be posted are all replaced every year. Teachers are divided into 7 areas: summary, reading, local reading, family area, treasure, study, and cover, and the booklet is also composed of 7 areas. Major revisions were made over time, and at first, most of the pages were devoted to study and composition, but in 1974, the contents were divided into fields such as health, research, and play. It was composed separately and edited with the children's interests and interests in mind. As a guidebook for summer vacation, it has become a reading material, and currently about 20% of the 88-92 pages are for study.
However, I think that the burden on teachers who are in charge of such work in addition to their main work is not small. This is because, as you can see from this article, there is a shortage of teachers.
This year, 1,591 schools, or 4.8% of all public elementary and junior high schools, high schools, and special needs schools, are experiencing a shortage of teachers and cannot meet the number of teachers that should be assigned to the school. That's what the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology found out.
In fact, according to this article, there is a shortage of teachers in Gifu prefecture as well.
As of May 1, there was a shortage of 13 elementary school teachers, 3 junior high school teachers, 13 high school teachers, and 4 special needs schools. As of April, there were 41 people, and the number of shortages decreased, but it increased by 6 from 27 as of May 1, last year.
I think we live in an era where we can no longer rely on the “passion” of individual teachers. I think that the significance of existence of "Summer Vacation Friends" should be confirmed every year.
And when I was in elementary school, there were many other things to do, such as paintings, handicrafts, reading reports, report of experiment or observation or research, and summer vacation homework.
For making report, I once relied on the appendix of "Gakken no Kagaku". Each student presented their “research” results on a large sheet of paper.
Gakken no Kagaku has long since ceased publication. However, Gakken has issued a special issue to meet the demand for summer vacation, and it seems to have a good reputation.
On the other hand, this article says :
Observations and experiments in class have decreased compared to before the pandemic. In a school survey conducted at the same time, elementary schools that conducted observations and experiments at least once a week in science classes decreased by 16.2 points to 44.9%. In junior high school, the percentage decreased by 18.8 points to 45.8%.
The wrinkles of "that disease" were gradually appearing to the extent of the experimental experience of science. In that sense, I think it's a good idea to try a science experiment that you can do at home during the summer vacation.
If you search for "自由研究" on the Internet, you will find multiple articles on candidate research themes. But this also depends on whether the student has an internet connection, as in the previous article.
Both those who teach and those who teach have problems.
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