文豪・高山樗牛(たかやまちょぎゅう)（英語対訳）１
文豪・高山樗牛 １
（１)文豪・高山樗牛の生涯
文豪・高山樗牛（一八七一年・明治四～一九０二年・明治三五、東京帝国大学哲学科卒、美学者・文芸評論家）は、本名は斎藤林次郎で、城下町である山形県鶴岡の酒井藩士斎藤親(ちか)信(のぶ)の二男として生まれ、二歳の時に父の兄高山久平の養子となりました。福島中学中退、東京英語学校を経て仙台の第二高等学校に入学、井上準之助が同級の友人であった。中学時代から文才を発揮し、旧制第二高等学校（仙台）在学中、荘子から引いた「樗牛(ちょぎゅう)」のペンネームを使いました。
1893年、東京帝国大学文科大学哲学科に入学。土井晩翠らが級友であった。徴兵忌避のため、本籍を北海道に移したという。1896年に大学を卒業。第二高等学校の教授になった。
1900年、文部省から美学研究のため海外留学を命じられた。夏目漱石・芳賀矢一らと同時期の任命であり、帰国後は京都帝国大学の教授が内定していた。しかし、洋行の送別会後に喀血し、入院。療養生活に入った。
ゲーテの『若きウェルテルの悩み』を翻訳しています。雑誌『帝国文学』創刊に参加して活躍し、後に雑誌『太陽』の文芸評論を執筆しました。二高の教授として赴任したが、一年後再び『太陽』の編集主幹を務めるなど、多方面にわたる評論活動で問題提起しました。日本主義を唱え、その後、ニーチェを賛美し個人主義に、最後に日蓮主義に転じ、明治後期の青年らに人気を得ました。『時代管見』や『滝口入道』(一八九四年読売新聞懸賞小説入選)などの著書があります。高山樗牛は日本や中国の古典に造詣(ぞうけい)が深く、欧米の思想にも通じ、美文体を得意とし、文豪と呼ばれました。日本美術の研究で文学博士の称号を得た明治三十五年の暮れ、三十一歳の若さで死去しました。
The Great Literary Master・ Takayama Chogyu １
（１）The Life of the Great Literary Master・ Takayama Chogyu
The Great Literary Master Takayama Chogyu (1871, Meiji 4 - 1902, Meiji 35、graduated from the Department of Philosophy, Tokyo Imperial University, aesthetician and literary critic), whose real name was Rinjiro Saito, lived in the castle town of Yamagata. He was born as the second son of Saito Chika Nobu, a samurai of the Sakai clan in Tsuruoka, and was adopted by his father's older brother, Kyuhei Takayama, at the age of two. He dropped out of Fukushima Junior High School, went to Tokyo English School, and then entered Sendai's Second High School, where Junnosuke Inoue was his classmate. He demonstrated his literary talent from his junior high school days, and while attending the former Second High School (Sendai), he used the pen name ``Chogyu'', which was derived from Zhuangzi.
In 1893, he entered the Department of Philosophy at the College of Literature, Tokyo Imperial University. His classmates included Bansui Doi and others. He reportedly moved his legal address to Hokkaido to avoid being drafted. He graduated from the university in 1896. He became a professor at the Second High School.
In 1900, he was ordered by the Ministry of Education to study abroad to study aesthetics. He was appointed at the same time as Natsume Soseki and Haga Yaichi, and after returning to Japan, he was offered a job as a professor at Kyoto Imperial University. However, after a farewell party for going abroad, he coughed up blood and was hospitalized. He went into recuperation.
Translating Goethe's ``The Sorrows of Young Werther.'' He was active by participating in the launch of the magazine ``Imperial Literature'' and later wrote literary criticism for the magazine ``Taiyo.'' He was appointed as a professor at the second high school, but a year later he returned to serve as the editor-in-chief of Taiyo, where he raised issues through his critical work in a wide range of fields. He advocated Japaneseism, then praised Nietzsche, became individualistic, and finally turned to Nichirenism, gaining popularity among young people in the late Meiji period. He is the author of books such as ``Jidai Kanken（My Narrow View）” and ``Takiguchi Nyudo'' (selected for the Yomiuri Shimbun Novel Contest in 1894). Takayama Chogyu had a deep knowledge of Japanese and Chinese classics, was also familiar with Western thought, and was known for his beautiful style of writing, and was called a great writer. He earned the title of Doctor of Literature for his research in Japanese art and died at the young age of 31 at the end of 1899. (To be continued)