Landmark English Communication III Lesson 7 (4-5)

➍ In the initial stages of the experiment, / no significant changes were observed / in the foxes. // However, / with the 6th generation came the appearance of an “elite fox,” / or in other words, / an obedient fox / that behaved more affectionately / and exhibited behaviors / such as tail wagging,  whining, and licking people / like a pet dog. // Furthermore, / when a 15th generation “elite fox” was living with humans, / researchers observed signs of a deep bonding / and affection between a human and the fox. // One day, /  much like a guard dog, / the fox barked at a security guard / that it thought / was an intruder and stopped barking on command, / suggesting that the fox had developed the loyalty of a dog. //

initial：初期の　significant：顕著な　generation：世代
the appearance of an "elite foxes" came with the 6th generation
6世代目でエリートのキツネが出現した。「６世代目」を倒置によって強調
affectionately：親しみ・愛をこめて、優しく
wag：しっぽを振る　whine：クンクン鳴く　lick：舐める
security guard：ガードマン、警備員
the fox barked at a security guard that was an intruder and stopped barking on command
キツネは自分が侵入者だと思った警備員に対して吠え、命令によって吠えるのを止めました。
loyalty：忠誠心

➎ The behavioral changes were also accompanied / by physical changes. // As the experiment progressed, / the domesticated foxes looked more and more like dogs. / For one thing, / there was an odd change / to the color of their bodies. // Some foxes had light brown speckles, / while others were black / with white patches of varying sizes. // Other striking changes also occurred to these foxes, / too. // They grew droopy ears and curly tails. // They also had shorter bones / in their legs and tails. // Their snouts were shorter, / and their skulls wider. // In other words, / their skeletal structure became more like that of a dog. //

behavioral：行動上の　be accompanied by～：～が伴う　physical：身体的
domesticated：飼いならされた　progress：進む　odd：奇妙な
speckle：ぽつぽつ、斑点　patch：斑点、ぶち　varying：さまざまな
striking：著しい、目立つ　droopy：垂れている　curly：巻いた
snout：鼻　skeletal：骨格の