Landmark English Communication III (Lesson 5-1,2,3)

In recent years, / the way / we describe people / has changed a lot. // Not so long ago, /many jobs had two names, / depending on whether they were done /by a man or a woman.

the way [ we describe people ] has changed
[私たちが人々のことを描写する]方法は変わってきている。
the way 〇〇：〇〇の方法　the way howは誤り。the way 又はhow のいずれかを省略する。

a lot 大いに
cf) Thanks a lot. 

depending on ～
～によって（分詞構文）

whether 
かどうか
whether they (=jobs) were done by a man or a woman
その仕事が男性または女性によってなされるものかどうか

Man’s job Woman’s job
男性の仕事　女性の仕事
steward stewardess
スチュワード　スチュワーデス
poet poetess
詩人　女流詩人
sculptor sculptress
彫刻家　女性彫刻家
policeman policewoman
警察官　女性警察官

These days, / most of the ʻ-essʼ names have disappeared / as a result of a huge social movement / to make men and women equal / in the workplace. // Weʼll still often hear ʻactressʼ, ʻwaitressʼ, and a few others, / but itʼs a long time / since Iʼve heard female poets and sculptors called ʻpoetessesʼ and ʻsculptressesʼ. / Theyʼre just plain ʻpoetsʼ and ʻsculptorsʼ now. / On aeroplanes / the cabin crew are ʻflight attendantsʼ, / and in police stations / we find only ʻpolice officersʼ. /

most of the ʻ-essʼ names have disappeared
ほとんどの "-ess"の名前は消えてしまっている

as a result of ～　～の結果

to make  men and women equal
make OC 男性と女性を平等にするための

it's a long time since I've heard ～
私が～を聞いて以来、長い時間が経っている。
≒ 私は長いこと聞いていない。

Sometimes / we come across difficulties / when we try to talk about certain groups of people. // What should we call old people? // The ʻagedʼ, the ʻelderlyʼ, ʻsenior citizensʼ, or something else? // What should we call people / who have to use a wheelchair? ʻ// Handicappedʼ, ʻdisabledʼ, ʻdifferently abledʼ, ʻphysically challengedʼ or something else? // What should we call people who are fat? // Should we call them ʻoverweightʼ, ʻdifferently sizedʼ, ʻplus-sizedʼ, or something else? // Shops that sell clothes have real problems with this

come across ～：～に出くわす、出会う
difficultiesなら直面する。≒ face

certain groups of people
ある人々の集団

What should we call ～?
～を何と呼べばよいのだろうか。