AIプロセッサの米国輸出規制
米国は、NVIDIAなどに対してAI半導体の規制強化を継続して行っています。
最初は2022年10月、これによりNVIDIAのA100とH100が中国へ輸出できなくなり、中国向けに性能を下げたA800とH800を開発して輸出を再開。しかし、1年後の2023年10月に強化し、A100とH800も規制対象になり輸出できなくなりました。NVIDIAはさらに中国向けに「HGX H20」「L20 PCIe」「L2 PCIe」などを開発。いたちごっこが続いています。
今回、規制の中心となるECCN 3A090あたり及び関連商品を見てみます。
米国商務省BIS EARによる規制
米国の独自規制で3桁目が0のECCNで指定されています。
基本となる集積回路のECCNは3A090となります。
3A090の劣化版の3A990がないので、3A090に該当しないものはEAR99になります。
AI集積回路は性能からすると
3A090.a.1 → 3A090.a.2 → 3A090.b.1 → 3A090.b.2 → EAR99
の順になります。
当然EAR99になったものは、識別ができません。規制強化の対象外となります。現状、マイクロソフトの提唱するAI PCはこの規制強化の範囲に入っておらず、AI機能についてはEAR99のようです（後述）。
3A090に該当する集積回路を組み込んだ電子計算機、電子組立品、それらの部分品は4A090となり、
電子計算機としての性能も合わせ持つと、4A003.zとなり、
暗号装置としての性能も合わせ持つと、5A002.zとなり、その暗号機能劣化版は5A992.zとなります。
結局のところ、米国のAI規制に該当するものは以下のECCNを持つことになります。これらに該当するものは、規制されるAI機能をもったものになります。
集積回路
3A090
3A001.z
電子計算機、暗号装置、ユニット、それらの部分品
4A003.z
4A004.z
4A005.z
4A090
5A002.z
5A004.z
5A992.z
5D002.z
5D992.z
この２つは暗号ソフトウェアです。IT機器で暗号をソフトウェアで実現しているものがあり、その情報を継承するために.zを設けたものと思われます。
暗号は別格で確認対象であり続けるということでしょう。
マイクロソフトのAI PC要件
マイクロソフトは2024年5月に新しいAI PCの要件を発表しました。
この中でAI機能を最適化するように設計された特殊なプロセッサNPU(Neural network Processing Unit)を搭載し、その性能が40TOPS以上としました。
Thinkpad、Dell、DynabookなどのAI PCのチップセット等を確認しましたが、まだ現状、3A090に届くようなものではなさそうです。
Thinkpad Snapdragon X Elite
Dell Snapdragon® X Elite
dynabook インテル® Core™ Ultra 7 プロセッサー 155H
NVIDIA
ここでECCNを検索できます。
4A003.z.1 に該当するもの２つあるようです。
NVIDIA GH200 GraceHopper Superchip,PG530
GH200 x4 120GB SysMem 96GB HBM3, PC
4A090.a に該当するものは多数あるようです。
NVIDIA H100 PCIE YR3WC NVAIE,P1010
NVIDIA L40S, PG133 SKU242, 7WK28,CEC
NVIDIA A800 40GB ACTIVE W/ NVIDIA AI ENT
HGX A100 4 GPU, SXM4 80GB w/o HS R7 など
4A090.b に該当するものも多数あるようです。
NVIDIA L40 48GB,PG133 SKU250,NO CEC,
NVIDIA A30,P1001 SKU205,GENERIC,B05, 24G
NVIDIA A40,PG133C,C05,SKU200,NO CEC,GENE
NVIDIA L40G,PG133 SKU255,GENERIC, AD102- など
AMD
https://www.amd.com/content/dam/amd/en/documents/legal/product-master.pdf
検索が難しいですが、4A090や.zで検索すると、3A090に該当するものがみつかります。
OPN番号から製品にたどり着くことができません。
インターネットの記事から、MI300は規制該当。
Intel
インテルのAI対応チップは3A090にまで性能が達していないようで、ECCNは5A992.cになっています。
確認方法は、Ordering and Complianceを選択し、Trade Compliance InformationにECCNが表示されています。
下記はCore Ultra 9 288Vの事例で、ECCNは5A992C、記事によるとAI性能は120TOPSとなっています。
Qualcomm
マイクロソフトのAI PC規格のPCに搭載されているSnapdragon X Eliteの型番はX1E-xxxxxxで、ECCNは5A992.c
EAR規制原文
3A090 Integrated circuits as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
a. Integrated circuits having one or more digital processing units having either of the following:
a.1. A 'total processing performance' of 4800 or more, or
a.2. A 'total processing performance' of 1600 or more and a 'performance density' of 5.92 or more.
b. Integrated circuits having one or more digital processing units having either of the following:
b.1. A 'total processing performance' of 2400 or more and less than 4800 and a 'performance density' of 1.6 or more and less than 5.92, or
b.2. A 'total processing performance' of 1600 or more and a 'performance density' of 3.2 or more and less than 5.92.
Note 1 to 3A090:
Integrated circuits specified by 3A090 include graphical processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), neural processors, in-memory processors, vision processors, text processors, co-processors/accelerators, adaptive processors, field-programmable logic devices (FPLDs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Examples of integrated circuits are in the Note to 3A001.a.
Note 2 to 3A090:
3A090 does not apply to items that are not designed or marketed for use in datacenters and do not have a 'total processing performance' of 4800 or more. For integrated circuits that are not designed or marketed for use in datacenters and that have a 'total processing performance' of 4800 or more, see license exceptions NAC and ACA.
Note 3 to 3A090:
For ICs that are excluded from ECCN 3A090 under Note 2 or 3 to 3A090, those ICs are also not applicable for classifications made under ECCN s 3A001.z, 4A003.z, 4A004.z, 4A005.z, 4A090, 5A002.z, 5A004.z, 5A992.z, 5D002.z, or 5D992.z because those other CCL classifications are based on the incorporation of an IC that meets the control parameters under ECCN 3A090 or otherwise meets or exceeds the control parameters or ECCN s 3A090 or 4A090. See the Related Controls paragraphs of 3A001.z, 4A003.z, 4A004.z, 4A005.z, 4A090, 5A002.z, 5A004.z, 5A992.z, 5D002.z, or 5D992.z.
Technical Notes:
1. 'Total processing performance' ('TPP') is 2 × 'MacTOPS' × 'bit length of the operation', aggregated over all processing units on the integrated circuit.
a. For purposes of 3A090, `MacTOPS' is the theoretical peak number of Tera (10 12) operations per second for multiply-accumulate computation (D = A × B + C).
b. The 2 in the 'TPP' formula is based on industry convention of counting one multiply-accumulate computation, D = A × B + C, as 2 operations for purpose of datasheets. Therefore, 2 × MacTOPS may correspond to the reported TOPS or FLOPS on a datasheet.
c. For purposes of 3A090, 'bit length of the operation' for a multiply-accumulate computation is the largest bit-length of the inputs to the multiply operation.
d. Aggregate the TPPs for each processing unit on the integrated circuit to arrive at a total. 'TPP' = TPP1 + TPP2 + . . . . + TPPn (where n is the number or processing units on the integrated circuit).
2. The rate of 'MacTOPS' is to be calculated at its maximum value theoretically possible. The rate of 'MacTOPS' is assumed to be the highest value the manufacturer claims in annual or brochure for the integrated circuit. For example, the 'TPP' threshold of 4800 can be met with 600 tera integer operations (or 2 × 300 'MacTOPS') at 8 bits or 300 tera FLOPS (or 2 × 150 'MacTOPS') at 16 bits. If the IC is designed for MAC computation with multiple bit lengths that achieve different 'TPP' values, the highest 'TPP' value should be evaluated against parameters in 3A090.
3. For integrated circuits specified by 3A090 that provide processing of both sparse and dense matrices, the 'TPP' values are the values for processing of dense matrices (e.g., without sparsity).
4. 'Performance density' is 'TPP' divided by 'applicable die area'. For purposes of 3A090, 'applicable die area' is measured in millimeters squared and includes all die area of logic dies manufactured with a process node that uses a non-planar transistor architecture.
3A001 Electronic items as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Any commodity described in 3A001 that meets or exceeds the performance parameters in 3A090, as follows:
z.1. “Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit” (“MMIC ”) amplifiers described in 3A001.b.2 and discrete microwave transistors in 3A001.b.3 that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 3A090, except those 3A001.b.2 and b.3 items being exported or reexported for use in civil telecommunications applications;
z.2. Commodities that are described in 3A001.a.1.a when usable in “missiles” that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 3A090; and to 3A001.a.5.a when “designed or modified” for military use, hermetically sealed and rated for operation in the temperature range from below −54 °C to above +125 °C and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 3A090;
z.3. Pulse discharge capacitors described in 3A001.e.2 and superconducting solenoidal electromagnets in 3A001.e.3 that meet or exceed the technical parameters in 3A201.a and 3A201.b, respectively and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 3A090;
or
z.4. All other commodities specified in this ECCN that meet or exceed the performance parameters of ECCN 3A090.
4A090 Computers as follows (see List of Items Controlled) and related equipment, “electronic assemblies,” and “components” therefor.
Items:
a. Computers, “electronic assemblies,” and “components” containing integrated circuits, any of which meets or exceeds the limits in 3A090.a.
b. Computers, “electronic assemblies,” and “components” containing integrated circuits, any of which meets or exceeds the limits in 3A090.b.
Technical Note:
For purposes of 4A090.a and .b, computers include “digital computers,” “hybrid computers,” and analog computers.
4A003 “Digital computers” , “electronic assemblies”, and related equipment therefor, as follows (see List of Items Controlled) and “specially designed” “components” therefor.
Items:
z. Commodities specified in this ECCN 4A003 that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 4A090.
z.1. Commodities specified in 4A003.b or .c that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 4A090; or
z.2. Commodities specified in 4A003.g that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in ECCN 4A090.
4A004 Computers as follows (see List of Items Controlled) and “specially designed” related equipment, “electronic assemblies” and “components” therefor.
Items:
z. Commodities that are described in 4A004 and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 4A090.
4A005 “Systems,” “equipment,” and “components” therefor, “specially designed” or modified for the generation, command and control, or delivery of “intrusion software” (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Commodities that are specified in 4A005 that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 4A090
5A002 “Information security” systems, equipment and “components,” as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Other commodities, as follows:
z.1. Commodities that are described in 5A002.a and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090;
z.2 Commodities that are described in 5A002.b and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090;
z.3 Commodities that are described in 5A002.c and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090;
z.4 Commodities that are described in 5A002.d and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090; or
z.5 Commodities that are described in 5A002.e and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090.
5A992 Equipment not controlled by 5A002 (see List of Items Controlled)
Items:
z. Commodities that are described in 5A992.c and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090.
5A004 “Systems,” “equipment” and “components” for defeating, weakening or bypassing “information security,” as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Other commodities, as follows:
z.1. Commodities that are described in 5A004.a and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090; or
z.2. Commodities that are described in 5A004.b and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3A090 or 4A090.
5D002 “Software” as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Other software, as follows:
z.1. Software that is described in 5D002.a.1, and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.2. Software that is described in 5D002.a.2, and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.3. Software that is described in 5D002.a.3a, and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.4. Software that is described in 5D002.a.3.b, and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.5. Software that is described in 5D002.b and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.6 Software that is described in 5D002.c.1 and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.7 Software that is described in 5D002.c.2 and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090;
z.8 Software that is described in 5D002.c.3.a and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090; or
z.9 Software that is described in 5D002.c.3.b and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090.
5D992 “Information Security” “software,” not controlled by 5D002, as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
Items:
z. Other software that is described in 5D992 and that also meet or exceed the performance parameters in 3D001 for 3A090 or 4D001 for 4A090.
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