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【最新号紹介】治療(CHIRYO)9月号 語りたい!総合診療のエビデンス

パリオリンピックが閉幕しましたが、皆さまどの競技が印象に残りましたか?
プロ野球好きとしては野球やソフトボールが観たかったなぁと思ったりしますが、新しい競技や普段話題にならないマイナー競技を知るにはいい機会になりますね。

花形競技の陸上100mでは長らく10秒の壁というものがありました。しかし、いまや金メダルを取るには絶対条件というくらいまで10秒の壁を破る選手が出てきています。日本でも2017年の桐生選手を皮切りに、4名の選手が達成しています。
この壁を乗り越えたポイントのひとつには、すでに達成した人がいるのだから自分もできるはず、という意識の力があるとも言われています。

じつは今月の特集も、身近に自分たちも感じるような疑問を調べて論文化した人たちがいる!ということを知っていただき、そのような意識の力を皆様に見出していただきたいと思って企画しております。

特集の目次

■総合診療医が活躍するフィールドの最新エビデンス
診療所外来(水本潤希)
在宅医療(宜保光一郎)
病棟診療(鈴木 聡,岩田啓芳)
救急外来(熊谷知博,鱶口清満)
健康診断・予防医療(森 英毅)
医学教育(藤川裕恭)
医療政策(島袋 彰)

■日本発! 総合診療医が作るエビデンス
総合診療医が行う研究とその広がり(金子 惇)
プライマリ・ケア研究今昔(松島雅人)
観察研究:研修医の睡眠は労働時間,抑うつ,診療エラーとどのように関連するか?(長崎一哉)
観察研究:コロナ禍におけるプライマリ・ケアの価値の検証(青木拓也)
観察研究:予定外受診の背景は? 就労と世帯構成の交互作用で関連の異質性をみよう(川内はるな,西岡大輔)
観察研究:医師による菌血症の可能性の見積もりは安全? 効率的?(藤井浩太朗,高田俊彦)
介入研究:誰にでも手が届く,小規模ランダム化比較試験(原田侑典)
システマティックレビュー・メタアナリシス:地域病院からの学術的Outputって大変?(西倉 希,太田龍一)
デルファイ法:「みんなで決めた」を科学する(宮地由佳)
質的研究:医学生は地域の臨床実習で SDH をどのように学ぶのか?(春田淳志)
質的研究:「語り」にまつわる研究(宮地純一郎)
混合研究法:質的・量的な視点から複雑な現象を理解する(鋪野紀好)
ケースレポート:むずむず脚症候群亜型の疾患概念の普及を目指して(石塚晃介,大平善之、太田光泰)

■コラム
総合診療医「と」行う研究:質的研究者の立場から(阿部路子)
総合診療医「と」行う研究:文化人類学者の立場から(堀口佐知子,飯田淳子、濱 雄亮、木村修平、照山絢子)
総合診療医「と」行う研究:生物統計家の立場から(市川周平)

身近なエビデンスをその手に

はじめの章では総合診療のフィールド別に最新エビデンスをぎゅぎゅっとまとめており、お好みでつまめる内容となっています。
ご自身と関連の深いところから、気になるトピックを探してみてください!

Made in Japanの総合診療研究

続く章では、日本の総合診療がこれまでに発信してきた研究を紹介しています。研究の内容だけではなくて、手法ごとに解説がされており、日常で生じるいろいろなクリニカルクェスチョンをどのように研究に落とし込むかの参考になります。
論文となるとうまくいった成果して載りませんが、そこに至るまでの苦労話も赤裸々に語っていただいておりますので、より研究を身近に感じられるかもしれません!

海外で総合診療領域の研究を行うエキスパートからのメッセージ

本特集のp.1015「総合診療医が行う研究とその広がり」(金子 惇先生)では海外の先生から、この特集の読者のために特別メッセージをいただいており、本誌には翻訳(金子先生訳)したものを掲載しております。

こちらでは英語の原文を紹介したいと思います。

Judy Brown教授 カナダ Western大学 家庭医療学講座
(原文)
High functioning primary care (PC) is widely acknowledged as the foundation of an efficient and effective health care system. Yet around the globe family medicine and primary care are under siege and threatening the viability of health care systems. One major means to address this crisis is research by family doctors for family doctors and the primary teams in which they practice and serve their communities.
The discipline of Family Medicine is constructed on three key pillars – clinical care, teaching and research. These are inextricably interwoven together and cannot be siloed as collectively they inform and enrich each other. Everyday family doctors see patients in their clinics and research questions spontaneously surface – you ask, “Why did this happen?”, “How did this happen?”, “What can be done to address this issue?”. You seek evidence, hopefully grounded in primary care research, to help answer these questions. But often there are no answers, and a research question calls out to be answered! As a teacher your learners are constantly seeking evidence to support their clinical understanding and practice. Hence research is an integral component of being a family physician educator in the midst of providing care to your patients and educational opportunities for your learners.
There are informal opportunities to participate in research perhaps through being part of a journal club or more formally engaged in a PBRN. For me as university-based PhD researcher in primary care the active involvement of community-based family doctors on our research teams is essential. Together we can cocreate a research question that is relevant and important producing knowledge that informs practice and teaching. Together we can design strategies and innovative initiatives that are scalable and spreadable in a timely manner.
In Japan as the discipline of Family Medicine continues to evolve and primary care gains a secure foothold in the health care system it is critical that research be at the forefront for all primary care providers. Research is rewarding, intellectually stimulating and fuels us to carry on!

Graham Watt名誉教授 イギリス Glasgow大学
(原文)
RESEARCH AND THE FAMILY DOCTOR
 For me, the most influential researcher in family medicine was the late Julian Tudor Hart (1), author of the Inverse Care Law, the first doctor in the world to measure the blood pressures of all his patients and the pioneer of a population approach to his practice which enabled him to show, after 25 years, that premature mortality was 30% lower in his village than in a similar village nearby.
He showed that research in family medicine was not restricted to a few people working in universities, maintaining that everyone is a scientist who measures what they do and is honest with the results. In his case he not only measured what he had done but also, and crucially, what he had not done, the ”measurement of omission” (2), using his practice list as a denominator to identify patients who had been missed, or whose care was incomplete. The delivery of medicine cannot advance without such information, as the first step in improving the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of health care. His approach required good information and with today’s electronic information systems it is a lot easier to do now.
Family doctors may not wish to be principal investigators but they can play an important part in providing researchers with access to patients and situations, allowing them to address and answer research questions which are relevant to family practice. For example, my colleague Stewart Mercer, in a study of 3000 consultations in family practice in Scotland, asked patients two things: did they feel better able to cope with their conditions and with their lives as a result of seeing the doctor and how they rated the doctor in terms of empathy – essentially, did they feel that the doctor cared about them as an individual.
The study showed that while patients might report empathy without feeling enabled, they NEVER reported enablement in the absence of empathy. (3) So, while the delivery of the best research-based medicine is important, separating us from the dark ages and freeing us from ignorance and superstition, it is insufficient on its own and must always be delivered with a human face.
As Robert Louis Stevenson, the author of Treasure Island and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, described his doctor in Edinburgh many years ago, “Generosity he has to those who practice an art, never to those who drive a trade; discretion tested by a hundred secrets; tact tried in a thousand embarrassments and what are more important, Heraclean cheerfulness and courage, so that he brings air and cheer into the sick room and often enough. though not as often as he wishes, brings healing”.
In this way, quantitative and qualitative methods must go hand in hand, remembering the old adage, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts”.

先人たちの積み重ねから今の医療が成り立っているわけですが、今回の特集を頭の片隅においていただき、臨床疑問がわいたときに自分でリサーチしてみよう!と思っていただける後押しになれば嬉しいです。

文責:南山堂「治療」編集部  カーター

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