A paper proving the existence of the afterlife

The claims in this paper are very simple.

The spirits claimed by dualism, and the afterlife reported by near-death experiencers, if any, can be made up of dark matter, and/or they can be in extra dimensions.

And most importantly, in either/both case, the elements that make up the spirits are dominated by gravity. Like our world, the afterlife has the property of being trapped by the gravity of the sun, the earth, stars, planets, and satellites.

There is a very simple experiment to determine if a spirit exists. Fly an insect cage towards Mars. Drosophila has a lifespan of about 60 days. The outer space that passes during the flight from Earth to Mars is a "vacuum space" where there is no spirits, unlike the Earth's gravitational sphere.

As the insect cage pass through this cosmic space with oxygen and food but no spirits for two years, if the insect cage of the Drosophila dies, it means that insect need spirits to birth. Since there are many plans to explore Mars, we will notice it scientifically within coming 30 years from now.

This paper was submitted to the BICS-sponsored essay contest on August 1, 2021 to prove the existence of the afterlife. The copyright of the paper belongs to Yukiko Sumi and Takahiro Suzuki.

A Consideration of the Soul and Its Place of Existence Based on the Latest Physics Theory and the Space Experiment to Prove It

SUMI Yukiko and SUZUKI Takahiro

Introduction

  Owing to the latest superstring theory in physics, the soul is trapped by the earth’s gravity and does not exist in outer space. At best, life can be created in near-earth spaces, such as the International Space Station. In other places—in space far away from the sun and the earth—life will not emerge. In the first half of this essay, we will show this theoretically, and in the second half, we will propose a demonstrable space experiment to prove it. The argument is reverse-engineering. This is what happens in psychic phenomena. If this is the case, then what is the shape of the world we live in? This conclusion is drawn from modern physics.

  How did we arrive at this conclusion? One of the authors had a near-death experience, and the other has a memory of a previous life when he was a boy. Through these experiences, we are both convinced of the existence of an afterlife.
  In the near-death experience, she found out that when she died, she could see herself dying from a position in the air. After that, she moved to a place out of this world and saw a blinding light in the distance.
  As for the memory of his previous life, when he was still a child, he saw the same scene in his dreams every time he had a fever and had nightmares. The memory of a joyful sunset suddenly turns dark, and he dies there. It was an unpleasant dream and was always painful. Fortunately, by the time he was seven years old, he no longer had that dream.
  We know that there are hundreds of thousands of people worldwide who have the same experience, whether it is a near-death experience or a memory of past life. These experiences are considerably similar. We are certain that we are not merely making this up in our brains.
  Regardless of how convinced we are, most people worldwide have never had such an experience. Therefore, our claims of psychic experiences are ignored by the sensible majority. We believe this is the common life experience of those who have experienced the afterlife directly.
  Therefore, we have been thinking of ways to make it impossible for mainstream scientists to ignore the afterlife. Could we create an experiment that would not allow scholars to ignore the results, like Galileo’s experiment of dropping two balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa? Could we prove something like Copernicus’ claim that a logical-minded scientist would have to accept? For the past few years, we have discussed such things every time we meet.
  The main argument of this essay is to propose an experimental method. If proven, one would force mainstream scientists to admit the existence of soul. The problem with such experiments is that they are expensive. Therefore, unless an agency with a huge budget, like NASA, decides to try it, no one can.
We think the probability of the success of that experiment is as risky as Columbus’s suggestion that we could reach India by going across the Atlantic Ocean.
  If there are courageous adventurers like Columbus and sponsors like Queen Isabel of Spain to encourage it, this experiment may be realized in the near future. This is the main point we want to assert in this essay.
  In this essay, we will discuss the existence of an afterlife that can be understood scientifically in stages. In the first half of the essay—Chapters 1 to 3—we will discuss the physical characteristics of the “afterlife” and its location, as suggested by the latest physical theories. In Chapter 4, we propose a completely new experimental method to detect its existence. In Chapter 5, we present a hypothesis that will serve as a roadmap for further research.
In this essay, we will define the word “soul” as the entity that has consciousness after leaving our physical body in a near-death experience and an afterlife. We will also define “spirit” as the substance that constitutes soul.

1 The Soul and the Place It Resides or the Superstring Theory and Dark Matter

  Forty years ago, one of the authors studied physics at a university. At that time, a question naturally arose: “Where is the afterlife? If such a world existed, would not it has been observed by someone?” This is the primary reason why many scientists do not believe in an afterlife.
  When we studied theoretical physics at university in the ’80s, there was no room for the existence of a spiritual world. However, in theoretical physics as of 2021, most physicists believe in the possibility of another dimension existing in the immediate vicinity of our world—the superstring theory has attracted the most attention in modern physics in the 21st century.
  First, we introduce the main points of this chapter. The superstring theory predicts that this three-dimensional world, as we know it, also has extra dimensions outside of it that we cannot see. According to the latest cosmology, there is dark matter in this universe that has mass but is invisible to us.
  There is an unknown space and an unknown matter. Therefore, they need to be explored. This chapter provides an introduction to understanding them.
If we assume that there is a spirit world of afterlife in the extra dimension proposed by the superstring theory, we can explain why it cannot be observed through the theory. We begin by giving an overview of the string theory in a form that is easy to understand for psychic researchers, who are the target readers of this essay.
  An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are composed of quarks. The string of 10^(-33)cm, the length of the Planck scale, is the source of all elementary particles such as quarks and electrons, according to the superstring theory.1

  Depending on the vibrations of this small string, it can become a quark, an electron, or a photon, becoming different elementary particles, although it is the same string. This is the gist of the superstring theory.
  One of the advantages of the superstring theory in the physics community is that it fascinates researchers through advanced mathematical formulas.           Whether the string exists is undetectable in human science, but the mathematical formula is beautiful. Various phenomena and substances predicted by the theory have since been discovered in practice. This is why scientists believe that the superstring theory is correct.
  Before the advent of the superstring theory, there was no place in our observable universe where a soul or a spirit world could exist.
  However, once I was dying, I looked at my dead body lying on the bed from the air and then suddenly went through a dark tunnel and reached a place like an open field of flowers, surrounded by a beautiful light. Where was that place?
  Where was he when he was gathered in a dome-like place and watched his new mother and father’s lives from there before he was reincarnated into his current self?
  There is a boy with memories of his previous life reincarnated 40 years later as a member of a completely different family living 10,000 miles away. If the material that inherited those memories could not be DNA, what could it be?
  Physicists in the 21st century can come up with a place and a possible substance: the braneworld hypothesis derived from the new superstring theory, commonly known as the M-theory, which appeared in the second superstring theory revolution in 1995. The latest physics theory suggests the existence of vast extra-dimensional space in the immediate vicinity of the world in which we live.1
  Furthermore, modern physics contains clues as to what kind of substance the soul may exist in, in the extradimensional world.
  The universe is composed of dark matter (27%) and dark energy (68%), in addition to the normal matter we know (5% of the total mass of the universe). In other words, 95% of our world is made up of unknown matter and energy.2 This is the consensus of many scientists as of 2021.
It is also the superstring theory that is believed to lead to the solution of the following questions: “What is the dark matter?” “Where is the dark matter?”
  The superstring theory was studied and advanced in the 21st century after two revolutionary theoretical developments in 1984 and 1995. In the 2010s, a newly constructed high-energy accelerator made it possible to detect elementary particles that could not be verified before.
  The atoms that make up our world are further divided into electrons and nuclei; the protons and neutrons that form the nuclei are further divided into quarks. In particle physics, the elementary particles of the standard model that account for our world are quarks, electrons, neutrinos, other elementary particles, and gauge bosons, such as photons that transmit electromagnetic force.1

  The figure shows the list of elementary particles that are considered to be the root of the world (i.e., that cannot be further divided) in the current standard model of particle physics. The graviton is the only particle in the table that has not yet been discovered, but it is included in the Standard Model because its existence is theoretically certain.
  The superstring theory assumes that all these particles originate from the same single string.
  This brings us to the strange nature of the superstring theory. According to the superstring theory, this world must be a 10-dimensional spacetime rather than a 3-dimensional space (or a 4-dimensional spacetime if time is added) as we perceive it (strictly speaking, it is an 11-dimensional spacetime, but here we will use a 10-dimensional spacetime as described in elementary textbooks on the superstring theory).2
  Why then do we perceive a 10-dimensional spacetime as a 3-dimensional world with only three directions?
  Early string theorists believed that the six spatial dimensions other than length, width, height, and time were unrecognizable because they were rolled-up or compactified in Planck length, which is much smaller than an atom. The logic was that the dimensions were too small for particles to travel in that direction.1
  Recently, however, many physicists have come to believe that these dimensions may be unexpectedly large. This is because of the hierarchy problem—one of the biggest unsolved problems in particle physics.
  We will not explain this hierarchy problem here. At any rate, it is sufficient to recognize that a physical theory that cannot solve this hierarchy problem is a flawed theory.
  By 2010, through the superstring theory, we have come to understand that the conditions for solving the hierarchy problem are either (1) the existence of a predicted unknown elementary particle called a supersymmetric particle or (2) the existence of an extra-dimensional space called a braneworld or both.3
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, which started operating in the 2010s, was expected to be the trump card to solve these problems.
  The LHC was expected to lead to the discovery of new, unknown particles in the high-energy region of the weak scale (energy levels from 250 GeV to 1TV), which had never been previously studied by humans. As supersymmetric particles were assumed most likely to be found at these high energy levels, many string theorists expected that supersymmetric particles would be discovered once the LHC was operational.
  Among the theoretically predicted new particles, the confirmation of the existence of the Higgs boson through experiments between 2011 and 2013 was a significant achievement in the history of particle physics. Thus, the superstring theory could move forward with more proof of its existence.4
  However, contrary to the expectations of most string theorists, no supersymmetric particles have been discovered to date, according to CERN,5 implying that this world is most likely a braneworld.
In the braneworld hypothesis that emerged from the M-theory—introduced in the second string theory revolution in 1995—the extra dimension is not a small roll-up. Rather, the world we live in is covered by a three-dimensional brane (membrane).1
  The universe we live in is a 10-dimensional space-time, but the particles that make up our world are trapped in a three-dimensional brane and cannot move in any other direction. This is the idea behind the braneworld theory.
  We are trapped in a three-dimensional world. However, according to the braneworld model, an extra-dimensional world extends beyond that. As described later, the extra-dimensional space is extremely large. As our world is not empty, the extra-dimensional space is probably not an empty vacuum.  There is probably a group of particles with properties that we do not know.
  However, all the particles we know in the list in Figure 1-1 can be theoretically captured by our brane with one exception. In string theory, the only elementary particle that can go outside our brane is a graviton, which carries gravity. Therefore, the particles that exist in the extra dimension are unknown to us, except for the gravity.
  These unknowns are also one of the best candidates for dark matter.
“I’m beginning to understand. The conclusion is simple. The afterlife does exist. The afterlife is in the extra dimension, and the soul is dark matter.”
  You might think so. Certainly, if you want to know only the conclusion, the reader can skip the following chapters and skip to Chapter 4 to understand the whole picture that this essay paints. However, this situation is not simple. The debate on where the afterlife lies becomes more complex and evokes intellectual curiosity.
  Believing the earth to be round, Columbus headed west across the Atlantic Ocean toward India. When Columbus found New World, modern scholars would say to him,
“Where is India?”
  In other words, to truly convince superstring theory physicists of the existence of an afterlife, in addition to experiments to prove it, more elaborate discussions are indispensable. This story continues.

2 Dark Matter and Extra-Dimensional Braneworlds and Their Respective Properties

  In this chapter, we will discuss in detail the properties of dark matter and braneworlds. This discussion is necessary because most scientists believe that the extra dimension is a desolate and barren world in which life forms such as souls cannot exist, and that world cannot be contacted by our world, according to the theories of physics.
  This is because the widely known properties of dark matter are different from those of the spirit. The widely known properties of braneworlds create the general impression that we cannot go to the afterlife. These two contradictions cannot be neglected in the search for the afterlife.
  This chapter concludes that those dark matter particles that create a desolate world have a larger absolute amount in the universe. However, there is also a certain amount of dark matter particles of a different nature. Thus, some of this dark matter can have spirit qualities, as we psychic researchers know.
  Then the idea of the brane world is that our three-dimensional universe is isolated from the extra-dimensional universe where the spirit resides.      However, the string theory helps us connect these two worlds.
  In other words, the claim that “dark matter is the spirit, and the extra dimension is the afterlife” is intuitively disconcerting because it differs from the theories of physicists. Nevertheless, upon closer examination, it gradually becomes clear that the claim is more correct. The details are discussed in this section.
  First, we would like to briefly explain what we know about dark matter. The results of the cosmological observations show that dark matter exists. The mass of dark matter in the entire galaxy is five times greater than the total mass of all the objects we can see. There is far more dark matter in this world than atoms, electrons, photons, and other matter with which we are familiar.6
  We cannot see dark matter because it does not interact with light. Of the four forces in particle physics—electromagnetism, the strong force, the weak force, and gravity—dark matter interacts only firmly with gravity, which confirms its existence.
  There are several other candidates for the identity of dark matter, in addition to the unknown elementary particles. In fact, there is no single identity of dark matter, and several candidates may exist simultaneously in our universe and extra dimensions, and we may recognize their total mass as dark matter.
  Candidates for dark matter, composed of particles we already know well and exist in our dimension, are objects from which light cannot escape—which are black holes, and the objects as neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and floating planet-like objects—which technically comprise matter that interact with light but whose light is too small to be observed—and massive neutrinos.6
If we assume that dark matter is only composed of these known particles and astronomical bodies, then even if we add up the theoretically predicted amounts of these objects, there is still not sufficient mass. There is also a larger amount of dark matter in the universe, which comprises unknown particles.
  There are some interesting results of astronomical observations of dark matter characteristics. It is a collision coalescence of the Bullet Cluster in the southern sky. Observations of two colliding galaxies have revealed a cosmic-scale collision of dark matter clumps.6 At least two clusters of galaxies that collided and merged interacted with each other during the collision by electromagnetic forces. Consequently, they were observed to be stagnant in the center of the merged galaxy.
  However, calculations of the gravitational distribution showed that the dark matter mass slips through the colliding galaxies. In addition, the dark matter slips through each other. In other words, dark matter—which constitutes most of the mass of the Bullet Cluster—does not interact with known matter and slips through each other without any force other than gravity.
  Neutrinos are known to have similar properties. However, neutrinos are extremely light and move in a straight line at nearly the speed of light. They do not stay in the galaxy-like gas but fly to the edge of the universe.
Therefore, the bulk of the dark matter in the Bullet Cluster likely comprises invisible new objects other than neutrinos. This is why many scientists believe that most of the dark matter is unknown elementary particles.
Incidentally, the fact that dark matter does not interact with each other—particles do not stick together or repel each other—is inconvenient for the dark matter spirit theory. This is because if the soul has consciousness, as described later, it should have a macromolecular structure as a living organism. Dark matter, which does not interact with each other, cannot have a structure larger than an elementary particle.
  However, the following facts lead us to believe that there is nothing to worry about in this regard. This is the point that we mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, which becomes apparent upon closer examination.
  Most atoms that make up galaxies, even in our own universe, are hydrogen or helium. The largest concentration of these atoms is found in stars, where we can only observe a simple world where hydrogen is converted to helium by nuclear fusion.4
  However, if one looks closer through a telescope, notably, there are rocky planets around the star that contain rare materials such as silicon, aluminum, and iron, and some planets are rich in water, oxygen, and nitrogen. From the perspective of the universe, as a whole, we are rare beings born from rare particles.
  The same logic should be applied to the observation of dark matter. Although most of the dark matter in the galaxy as a whole does not interact with each other, it is not strange to think that rarer types of dark matter particles are gathered in the vicinity of planets. There are several types of unknown particles that are candidates for dark matter. These rare types of dark matter particles may have evolved into spirits by polymerically combining.
  As will be described later, if most dark matter are “supersymmetric particles trapped in extra dimensions,” the types can be roughly classified from the superstring theory into six types of squarks and six types of sleptons. It is predicted that there will be four types of gauginos and three types of higgsinos. The characteristics of each elementary particle are expected to some extent. In other words, there is more than one type of dark matter candidate particle that exists there.
  In our world, quarks make up protons and neutrons, which, together with leptons, form atoms, which are bonded together by electromagnetic force. One powerful hypothesis is that similar complex material structures occur in the world of supersymmetric particles.
Conversely, dark matter trapped in extra dimensions may comprise unknown elementary particles.
  First, in the superstring theory, elementary particles are considered to have different properties depending on the tension and frequency of the string. If the tension of extradimensional space is different from our world, the elementary particles existing there will naturally have properties different from those we know. There should be various types of particles depending on the difference in the frequency of the string.
  If so, there are numerous uncertainties regarding the characteristics of the particles in the extra dimension. Therefore, it would be unreasonable to say that extra dimensions are a desolate world in which a single dark matter is distributed.
  In any case, whether souls exist in extradimensional worlds can be verified by conducting experiments as proposed in Chapter 4. Regarding the characteristics of particles in extradimensional worlds, it would be reasonable to discuss their properties afterward.
If we consider the rare particle as the soul and its properties different from those of the most common dark matter particles we know from astronomical observations of the Bullet Cluster, then the fact that the soul and the stereotypical dark matter have different properties is not a contradiction in itself. This is the argument in the first half of this chapter.
  Next, in the second half of this chapter, we explain the details of the braneworld theory.
  Prior to the second revolution in the string theory in 1995, it was believed that out of the 10-dimensional universe (9-dimensional space and 1-dimensional time), a 6-dimensional space other than the 3-dimensional space we know thoroughly was enclosed in an extremely small space on the Planck scale in the form of complex spatial figures called Calabi-Yau manifold.1
  However, with the advent of the M-theory, it was theoretically found that these spaces are not necessarily entangled but may extend outside our universe as extra-dimensional spaces. The only condition is that our universe should be wrapped in a membrane covering three dimensions called a 3-brane instead of the extra dimensions being rolled up.2

  Figure 2-1 is a diagram that is often used to explain the braneworld model of the string theory. The two-dimensional plate in Figure 2-1a is a huge three-dimensional brane, which represents our isolated universe. Although the two-dimensional plate shows the edges, our universe extends over a radius of more than 45 billion light-years, and we cannot see the edges.
In this brane, a string with two open ends is trapped in the brane at each end and cannot exit the brane.
  All particles in the standard model, as we know, comprise strings with open ends, with one exception: graviton. Therefore, if our world is a three-dimensional, 3-brane world, the particles that constitute our world are all trapped in a membrane at both ends and cannot go out into the extra dimension outside the brane.3
In textbooks explaining the superstring theory, multiple braneworlds are often depicted, as shown in Figure 2-1b. Next to one brane, there is another brane. It is a different world, and a string with open ends is trapped in the brane.
  Of the elementary particles, only gravitons can travel between the two branes and interact with the particles of the neighboring brane. This is because the graviton is composed of a string in the shape of a loop with no ends.
  Therefore, in a world with two branes, as shown in Figure 2-1b, the particles in one world are automatically dark matter from the perspective of the other world. We know that mass exists due to gravity, but we cannot see the objects that give us that mass through light.
  In addition, the braneworld shown in Figure 2-1c is often depicted. One end of the open string was trapped in one branch, while the other end was trapped in another brane. Such trapping of particles is also explained as a possible state in the string theory.
  Physicists have no way of considering which of these three brain worlds represents our world. However, in later chapters, we will argue that Figure 2-1c shows our physical world and the afterlife soul world, as we consider them in reverse engineering. Therefore, it is important to remember the shape of Figure 2-1c.
  How does a universe, like Figure 2-1c, come into existence? The braneworld hypothesis states that the entire universe is surrounded by 3-branes. The birth of such a huge brane that envelops the entire universe requires excessive energy.
  It is impossible to create such a huge brane at this moment. However, fortunately, it is possible to create such a brane with the energy that was available in the early universe at the time of the Big Bang theory, approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
  Based on the assumption of such huge energy, it is not strange to see the birth of the same world as in Figure 2-1c, where another braneworld is born in an extra dimension adjacent to our world, in addition to the 3-branes that constitute our world at the time of the Big Bang.2
  In the world of research on the Big Bang theory, it is necessary to study why such a world was born instead of talking about “not a strange story.” The theory that cannot be explained and begins with “This universe was born this way by chance” is called the “anthropic principle” and tends to be treated with more disdain.4
  However, we are not physicists but psychic researchers trying to reverse engineer this world.
  Therefore, based on the anthropic principle, we will assume that the 3-branes that constitute our universe and another p-dimensional brane at a considerably close distance from them were created by chance simultaneously in the Big Bang. The reason for the birth of these branes will be clarified by physicists in the future.
  We will now explain the role of other p-branes. In fact, as mentioned earlier, this is a reference to the “isolation theory of supersymmetric particles,” which was raised as a result of the fact that supersymmetric particles, whose existence was predicted by the superstring theory, were not observed in the CERN LHC experiments that began in 2013.3
  In other words, all supersymmetric particles are trapped in the p-branes adjacent to each other in the extra-dimensional direction. Supersymmetric particles are not observed in our world because they are isolated from other branes. Based on the conditions for solving the hierarchy problem mentioned above and the results of the CERN experiment, this model is expected to be close to our world.

  The figure shows such a universe. Two branes are adjacent to each other, and a particle with two ends is trapped inside each brane.
  There are also many strings with two ends that span between the two branches. Owing to drawing problems, the distance between the two branes is depicted as being considerably large. However, it is probably less than the weak scale or 10^(-16)cm and probably only an extremely small distance of the Planck scale.
  What this diagram suggests is our universe itself, including the afterlife.
The 3-brane world on the left is our world, which we recognize as an observable universe. There is another brane world on the right at a considerably close distance. The other braneworld is another extra-dimensional world in which supersymmetric particles are isolated and confined. The assumption is that this world is the afterlife in which the spirit exists.
  Incidentally, this other world is called the p-brane world instead of the 3-brane world because this extra-dimensional world does not necessarily have to be three-dimensional like our world. The number of dimensions is conventionally denoted by p in the string theory.2 In other words, a p-brane is another world of p dimensions in an extra dimension.
  However, if supersymmetric particles are isolated in this p-brane, it may be more natural to think that the spacetime of the p-brane also has symmetry with our spacetime. In this case, it is reasonable to assume that the dimension of p-brains is 3-dimensional.
  Nevertheless, in psychic research, souls in NDEs(near-death experiences) experience a completely different sense of time and space. With this in mind, it might be more likely that p is 4, 5, or 8 rather than 3.
  These two isolated braneworlds cannot recognize or interfere with each other. Supersymmetric particles, which would theoretically interact with our particles if they exist in the same brane, cannot interact with our known elementary particles because they are isolated in different brane.
  This is the question we posed at the beginning of this chapter: “If the spirit exists in a separate, isolated brane, can we not have a relationship with it?”
  However, an explanation of how to overcome this problem has already appeared. There are two types of connections between the two isolated branes. One is a particle (with an integer spin greater than or equal to 2 in quantum physics terms) that consists of a string shaped like a rubber band, like a graviton. The other is a particle consisting of a string that spans two branes and has two ends. Owing to these two types of particles, the two branes are not isolated but can be related.
  As gravitons move back and forth between the two branes, they only sense each other’s gravity among the four forces in this world. Consequently, the supersymmetric particles trapped in different branes have the same properties as dark matter from our perspective.
“How these two isolated branes form the afterlife” will be discussed in detail in the next chapter.
  At the end of this chapter, we will discuss the size of the extra-dimensional space, which would include a bit of a mathematical explanation.
  Suppose that in addition to the xyz direction of our three-dimensional universe, there is a new direction called the u direction in the extra dimension. In Figure 2-3, the three-dimensional universe in which we live is depicted on a two-dimensional plane. In the terminology of the string theory, the space in the u-axis direction—a different direction from the 3-D universe—is called the bulk.3 The bulk direction is not one direction but has a maximum of six directions; in the figure, the u-direction is drawn as if it were one dimension for simplicity.

  The size of our universe has been observed to be more than 45 billion light-years in the xyz direction.
  In the u-direction, according to the thinking before the second revolution in the string theory, everything is wound up to the Planck length of 10^(-33)cm, and it was assumed that it was impossible to advance into that space.      However, in the M-theory, which appeared with the second string theory revolution in 1995, it came to be understood that the u-direction was allowed to be much larger.
  Nevertheless, many physicists believe that the u-direction is at most smaller than 10^(-16)cm—the u-direction is only a small distance from us.
  The distance in the u-direction is short because gravity becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the square of the distance. This means that while the universe has an infinite expanse in the three dimensions we know, there is almost no distance in the extra dimension, the u-direction.2
  The distance l in our dimension is represented by l=√(x^2+〖y^2+z〗^2 ); however, in the extra dimension, it is represented by l=√(x^2+〖〖y^2+z〗^2+u〗^2 ). The fact that the size of u is smaller than 10^(-16)cm means that any point in space in the extra dimension appears to be almost the same length as the distance measured without including the extra dimension.
  Thus, if u direction is small, the gravity in our universe is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, which is consistent with Newtonian mechanics and the theory of extra dimensions.
  Even so, if the matter in the extra dimension moves only slightly in the u-direction, we cannot perceive its existence. This is depicted in the figure below.

  If we assume that there is a two-dimensional world and that there are living things in it, then we will seem like ghosts in the three-dimensional world.
  Figure 2-4 shows a picture of a turtle living in the two-dimensional world and an individual’s fingers living in the three-dimensional world. Suppose that the individual holds down the turtle in a two-dimensional world with their finger. The turtle feels that its body is being held down by something that suddenly appears in another dimension. When the individual lets go of it for a moment, the turtle will ask “What was that?” as it was confused.
  Notably, even if the distance in the direction of the extra dimension is short, the extra-dimensional space is not small at all.
If our observable universe is confined in a three-dimensional brane as described below, the distance in the u-direction of our universe is only the    Planck length or the thickness of 10^(-33)cm, the smallest unit of this world.    However, the size in the extra-dimensional direction was 10^(-16)cm–as a possibility. If we simply calculate it, the space in the u-direction is 10^17 times thicker than our universe (that is, 100,000 times thicker than a trillion).
  In summary, the extra space is more than 45 billion light-years wide in the xyz direction, similar to our universe, and in the u-direction, it is 10^17 times larger. In other words, the extra-dimensional space is much larger than our universe and exists extremely close to us in terms of distance.
If the world of the spirit is spread out in such an extra-dimensional space, this would mean that the spirit is extremely close to us, and the size of the world of the spirit is larger than our universe. It may also have a fourth or fifth spatial dimension; thus, we cannot detect the existence of the world.

3 Correspondence between the Afterlife and the Superstring Theory, the Spirit and Dark Matter

What is the soul composed of, and where does the spirit world exist?
As a clue to answering this question, in the previous chapters, we have explained the existence of matter called dark matter and the existence of another world called the extra dimension.
Finally, in this chapter, we will examine in detail how this dark matter and the extra dimensions correspond to the soul and afterlife.
We make the following three assumptions.

- The p-brane of the extra dimension (hereafter referred to as the “extra dimension” for simplicity) is the world of the spirit.
- Elementary particles of the extra dimension (the type that interacts with each other) = one of the components of dark matter = components of the spirit.
- The above particles are combined like molecules = soul.

If we assume that this premise is true, what does this world look like based on the facts we know through research on the afterlife, such as near-death experiences? In this section, we discuss this step by step.
According to this premise, the spirit spreading in the extra dimension must have a certain amount of mass. Particles with zero mass disappear in a straight line, such as light, into the far reaches of space. Particles that are extremely light, such as neutrinos, will likewise disappear at close to the speed of light. However, according to psychic research, the spirit exists near us and stays there. If this is the case, then it must comprise particles of some heavy mass.
In other words, the physical momentum of the soul should be sufficiently small to be captured by the earth’s gravity. This is an important prerequisite for the cosmic experiment proposed in Section 4.
The next interesting point is that the soul or the particles that constitute it cannot interact with particles in our dimension because of the different branes that exist. When attracted by the earth’s gravity, soul can slip through the earth’s interior instead of hitting the surface.
To be precise, it is not correct to say that they slip through the earth because they are slightly off in the u-direction. However, if we observe them only in the xyz axis of the earth’s coordinates, the spirits can freely enter the coordinate region inside the earth.
Based on these two characteristics of being trapped by gravity but slipping through matter and deducing from Newton’s laws of physics, dark matter such as spirits in the vicinity of the earth would cover the earth and spread to a spherical area, including the interior of the earth.

Figure 3-1 is a diagram of the ten dimensions, which is what the world looks like, a graviton-like being that can move through all ten dimensions.
Our earth and dark matter, which cannot see each other because they are trapped in different branes, are almost in the same position in the 10-dimensional space, with their positions slightly off in the u-direction.
There is also some substance at your fingertips, slightly off in the u-direction. However, as you can only move in the 3-dimensional direction, you cannot see or interact with the substance. In other words, you cannot even touch it.
By the same logic, in the Solar System, the particles that make up the spirit are mostly abundantly trapped around the sun. Moreover, interestingly, the soul is not hot in the sun because it cannot interact with the particles of our dimension.
This reasoning is interesting. In Japan, some psychic mediums claim that many people live in the sun. Initially, such a thing seems impossible from common-sense scientific knowledge. There is no way for life to exist in the scorching sun.
However, heat energy cannot be transmitted without electromagnetic force. The radiant energy of sunlight is transmitted by photons or electromagnetic waves, and particles that do not interact with photons can pass through the energy transmission. Further, if we were to touch something as hot as the sun, our bodies would melt. Heat is transmitted through matter by heat conduction, which is the vibration of the electron cloud that surrounds the atom through interaction.
As long as the spirit is composed of particles that do not interact with the electromagnetic force, it will be attracted to the sun by gravity and can exist in the sun without being burned by the sun’s scorching energy.
We believe that p-brane also means the partner brane of our world, which is in many ways the counterpart of our brane. From the testimonies of near-death experiences, it seems that not only is there a soul that is a counterpart to our physical body, but there are also various spiritual ecosystems and structures that exist there.
It is a world filled with more light than ever seen before. However, it is probably not light in the physical sense—electromagnetic waves. There are unknown elementary particles that form a world that is completely different from our own.
These unknown elementary particles, if they are truly unknown elementary particles in the p-brane, can only be described as having unknown properties. However, if the elementary particles in the p-brane are supersymmetric, we may be able to understand their properties to some extent.
They are as numerous as the standard model particles that make up our world. As the near-death experiencer felt, they must have a complex structure that is different from our world.
In short, from the perspective of psychic research and physics theory, p-brane is not a desolate desert or gas nebula but a complex world as rich as our earth.
Now, psychic researchers believe that the soul is tightly bound to our body, which comprises ordinary particles, as a soul by a silver cord while the body is still alive. When the body dies, the bond is broken, and the soul leaves the body like skin peeling off.

What is the nature of this binding force between the body and the soul? Our physics has revealed that there are four forces in this world: gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force.
Our bodies are in a 3-dimensional space, which we know thoroughly. In the superstring theory terminology, we are trapped in three 3-branes. The spirit, however, exists in another p-brane a little further away in the direction of the extra dimension. The only forces that can connect the two branes are elementary particles produced by a graviton-like ring-shaped string or unknown particles with two ends in the two branes.
Even so, the union of our bodies and souls cannot be due to gravity because gravity is extremely weak, and the bond breaks easily. Of course, electromagnetism, weak forces, and strong forces, which cannot leave our brane, are not candidates for such forces.
Therefore, the logical inference is that this force must be an unknown fifth force that has not yet been discovered by physics.
This is an interesting finding. Recently, a team at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) published their findings that muons interact with an unknown fifth force.7 Muons form part of a group of elementary particles called the second generation of particles in the standard model. They have the same physical properties as the first generation of electrons, except that they have different masses.
This means that if the fifth force exists, it will interact not only with muons but also with electrons—it will interact with our bodies.
In the diagram that explains the braneworld in Chapter 2, there is a string with both ends trapped in different branes that connect the two branes. The string straddling the two branes is also an unknown elementary particle.
Such particles can interact with the particles of our world—atoms—because one end is in our world. By the same reasoning, they could also interact with the supersymmetric particles of the other braneworld if it were the identity of the soul.
It seems reasonable to assume that the fifth force is an unknown force with a relatively high binding power mediated by elementary particles.

Figure 3-3 shows the world of the spirit as psychic researchers imagine, contrary to the picture of the braneworld hypothesis.
Assuming that this diagram represents our world, physicists are not sure what the elementary particle X is, which connects the two branes and provides the fifth force. This is because the tension between the two branes is different from that of our brane.
In string theory, in addition to the frequency of vibration, the tension between the two ends of a string also changes its properties. Therefore, as long as we do not know how far apart the two branes are and how much tension is applied between them, we can only say that we do not know the identity of the string connecting the two branes depicted in this figure.
However, if this string plays the role of a silver cord, we can infer, to some extent, the action of this elementary particle X and the forces it mediates from the facts of psychic research.
We illustrate this with a near-death experience. When we die, the first thing we seem to experience is to see our own dead body from above in the hospital room. This means that at the time of death, the bond of particle X is first broken on the left side of the diagram—the bond between the body and particle X in the brane.
When the bond on the left side is broken, the soul is no longer bound to the body. However, the left end of particle X is attached to our brane and cannot be separated; therefore, the soul goes up into the air and looks down on the body from above.

In the next stage of the near-death experience, the soul suddenly moves to a different world, first a dark place, and then a place where it sees a river, flower gardens, and dazzling lights. This phenomenon can be explained by the breaking of the bond between the soul and the subatomic particle X on the right side of the diagram.
By breaking this bond, the soul is separated from our 3-brane. At this point, the soul can finally return completely to the p-brain where it exists in the first place.
Those who can return to this world after a near-death experience are those who, by some mechanism, can reconnect their soul with the right end of particle X and then reconnect their body with the left end of particle X as well. This causes the soul to reconnect strongly with the body. This is the experience of resuscitation after a near-death experience.
If we assume that the unknown subatomic particle X plays the role of the silver cord that attaches the body and the soul, we can speculate on the nature of this particle X as follows.
First, even if the force acting on us through particle X is considerably strong, it may be difficult to detect it because the direction in which the force acts is in the u-direction, not the xyz-direction.
However, as one end of it is attached to our dimension, it is possible to leave traces of some reaction with the substances in our world in the high-energy region. Considering that the experimental results of Fermilab are such, we think we can clarify a part of the mechanism.
Nevertheless, elementary particles X are assumed to connect the soul and the body through the fifth force and transmit information in the brain to the soul.
Finally, our bodies and souls, separated by different branes, are firmly united as one life, and information is shared simultaneously.
After concluding that, we proceed with the consideration. Nevertheless, for the soul, the way to see our world may not necessarily be only through the silver cord.
This is because what we experience in a near-death experience cannot be explained by that alone. In the near-death experience, the soul senses itself from above when the brain stops working.8
First, the human body cannot see itself from above in the operating room—it is assumed that the soul also sees the world from the perspective of the spirit. The soul may have the ability to detect objects by detecting gravitational waves, just as we see objects by detecting electromagnetic waves (i.e., light).
As mentioned earlier, gravity and gravitational waves can travel between the isolated branes. There is no contradiction in physics for a soul in the extra dimension to see its own body lying in our dimension if it does so via gravitational waves.
Similar to how submarines rely on sonar to map out the terrain and the shape of enemy ships under the sea, and dolphins and bats use ultrasonic waves to grasp their surroundings, souls rely on the reflection of gravitational waves to see our world. Moreover, their performance should be more powerful than that of dolphins.
According to common-sense physics, gravity is extremely weak compared to electromagnetic waves; therefore, it is difficult to detect gravitational waves produced by gravity as well as radio waves. However, there is a theory that gravity becomes extremely strong in the extra dimension.3 Another possibility is that unknown particles in the extra dimension are different from the particles we know and can easily synchronize with gravitational waves.
In any case, if we do not assume that there is some such mechanism, we cannot explain why the soul is looking at the body from above in near-death experiences.
Regarding the information processing capacity of the soul, the soul must have a certain amount of information processing capacity, similar to the brain of the body. At the very least, the soul has consciousness, emotions of happiness, memory, and the ability to communicate with each other.
Souls who go to the afterlife in near-death experiences meet and share feelings with their parents, grandparents, and other close relatives; there are a certain number of children who retain memories of their previous lives even after they are reincarnated. This is evidence that souls can store information about this world.
The exchange of information between souls is easy to explain as a physical phenomenon, implying that souls are made up of interacting dark matter. This is not the same as the non-interacting dark matter that constitutes most of the mass of the Bullet Cluster. This is a reasonable assumption because particles that cannot interact with each other cannot form a macromolecular life form like a soul in the first place.
The reason why the mediums can communicate with spirits may be the same principle as that between spirits. It is assumed that psychic mediums can communicate with the souls of dead people not through their brains but their own souls in the extra dimension beyond the silver cord.
If we assume that, unlike ordinary human beings, the mediums can use their souls as sense organs (although this mechanism has not yet been clarified), it can be reasonably explained from the standpoint of physics that they can transmit information to us.
This also explains the phenomenon of the dead informing their family members of their presence through insects, a factor that will become important later. The phenomenon of insect messengers, such as the butterflies that flutter into the room every time they think of their dead father, is an example of communication by the dead often discussed in psychic research.8
Although the souls of the dead can see us, unfortunately, they cannot interact with the elementary particles that make up our world. The force of gravity is too weak to move objects in this world with the mass of a soul. Dark matter is physically incapable of moving materials in our world.
However, the souls of the dead can work on those of insects. If the human soul has a higher function than the insect spirit, then it is logically possible that the human soul can control the insect spirit and dominate the insect’s consciousness.
That is why the souls of the dead send insects on errands to tell their living family members that they are nearby.
In fact, one of the authors had the experience of having his dead grandmother visit him as a large dragonfly in his house every year on the anniversary of her death. In the first year, a large dragonfly flew into his parents’ house in the countryside. This is a rare phenomenon in the Japanese countryside but can occur. However, in the summer of the second year, an extremely large dragonfly flew into an office building in Shibuya, Tokyo. This is a natural phenomenon that could not occur in the center of Tokyo, a huge city surrounded by concrete.
At the end of this chapter, we summarize the physical characteristics of the spirit.
The body and soul are confined to separate branes in close proximity. The only things that can transmit information between them are gravitons and new particle X which have two ends on both sides of the brane.
Souls seem to be able to use one or both of these to carry information from this world to the next. However, the spirit cannot leave a physical trace in this world. The only way for a soul to transmit information to this world is through the soul of a psychic medium or by controlling the spirit of an insect, which is a characteristic of this world.

4 Space Experiments to Prove the Existence of an Afterlife

As mentioned, the results of modern physics and psychic research are coming considerably close to each other by 2021. However, psychic research faces a major practical problem.
Most scientists reject the study of the afterlife. Consequently, the study of the afterlife is not beyond the scope of parapsychology—it has not been studied as an important genre of physics or biology. Therefore, we propose a specific experiment to solve this problem.
The concept behind the experiment is as follows. Through science fiction movies and novels, we naturally assume that life can reproduce in outer space far from the earth. However, this has never been verified.
In this chapter, we would like to show that it is more likely that life cannot reproduce in outer space, based on the assumptions discussed in Chapters 1 to 3.
In the past, killifish was born on the International Space Station.9 However, the orbit of the ISS was considerably close to the earth’s surface, where it was trapped by the earth’s gravity. This raises the question that the story may be different in places farther away from the earth’s gravitational sphere.

The figure shows a space colony of the future that often appears in Japanese science fiction animation movies.
As the setting of the story of the most famous Japanese animation movies, many such huge space colonies have been built in the future 100 years from now in the outer space of the solar system.
The colonies rotate slowly, creating a gravity of 1G on their cylindrical walls, similar to that on the earth. One hundred years after, humans would have expanded into space, and a single colony like this one will house 10 million people and give birth to many generations of new life.
It is possible to build such space colonies. Through science fiction novels and movies, we believe that it is possible to live in outer space.
However, if the afterlife, or the world of the spirit, exists, is it really possible to reproduce in a space colony?
We now recapitulate the series of assumptions discussed in the previous chapters.

1 Life is a set of a body and a soul.
2 The soul is strongly bound to the body while it is alive. The bond is so strong that even when our body moves at high speed, the soul can stay with us.
3 However, when the body dies, the soul leaves the body.
4 The soul survives after death, with our consciousness intact. The soul has the property of dwelling at the birth of a new life. When we reincarnate, the memories of our previous life dwell in our new bodies.
5 This world of the spirit is in the extra dimension, and the soul is composed of unknown dark matter particles that exist there.
6 The unknown dark matter particles in the extra dimension that make up the soul have the physical property of being trapped by gravity.
7 Therefore, spirits are not widely and homogeneously distributed in the solar system but must be concentrated near large celestial bodies such as the earth and the sun.

We believe that assumptions 1 through 4 are true to a large extent. However, based on our knowledge of the latest physics of superstring theory, we believe that assumptions 5 through 7 are also true to a significant extent.
Based on these assumptions, the environment for the birth of life is different between the earth and a space colony built to resemble the earth’s environment in space far away from the earth. Spirits are concentrated in the vicinity of the earth, whereas they are scarce in space colonies far from the earth.
It is more likely that in the area of space far away from the earth, there will also be no matter of the spirit in the extra-dimensional space in the vicinity. This is because the massive gravity of the sun and the planets during the formation of the solar system swept the particles in the vicinity of the extra dimension and trapped them in the gravity of the celestial bodies.
If we assume that the condition for the birth of life is a soul full of extra dimensions and that the spirits are trapped in a spherical shape in the gravitational sphere of the earth or the sun, then even if fertilization occurred in outer space, life could not be born because there would be no souls around.

If so, space immigration is possible, but the birth of the second generation of immigrants is impossible. After all, spirits are not distributed in extra dimensions near outer space, far from the planet, where the space colony floats.
This is a phenomenon that materialist scientists, who do not believe in spirits, cannot predict.
We propose an experiment to prove this—to launch an experimental device into space, far away from the earth, and conduct an experiment on the reproduction of life there.
It is not a zero-gravity environment but an experimental device under the same 1G gravity as on the ground, created by centrifugal force, as shown in Figure 4-3, with the same air composition and pressure, the same temperature, and the same amount of light as on the earth’s surface. To avoid the effects of harmful sunlight, breeding cages are designed to block cosmic rays. In such a cage, all the conditions are the same as on the earth, but the spirits are rare in the surrounding extra dimensions.

According to the materialist scientific premise, life cannot distinguish between this cage and the environment on the earth. If life is only made of matter, then a new life can be born in this cage.
However, psychic researchers believe that life cannot come into existence unless the spirit is in the surrounding space. According to our view, a new life cannot be born in a cage in an empty space.
If this is proven by space experiments, then it is a scientific phenomenon that cannot be explained by materialists at all.
Similar to the two spheres that Galileo dropped from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, this experiment will force scientists to make a Copernican shift in thinking.
Of course, this experiment does not have to be a human being. As mentioned earlier, the souls of the dead could interact with those of insects. We do not know about bacteria and microorganisms, but at least for organisms larger than insects, spirits, like humans, may act on the birth of life.
In other words, conducting insect reproduction experiments in space is the simplest and least costly experiment. Before building a complicated experimental apparatus such as that shown in Figure 4-3, the quickest way to conduct a simple experiment is to confine fertile insects in a box set to the temperature of the earth, throw them into distant outer space, and observe whether they continue to reproduce.
If the results of the experiment are to be shown to numerous scientists in a more human-like existence and environment, the mouse reproduction experiment used in medical research may be a better choice. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 4-3.
We built a robotic breeding system that automatically raises insects and mice and raised the organisms in two locations: in empty space far away from the earth and the orbit of the International Space Station as a comparison. If it can be demonstrated that the organisms in the cage farther away from the earth become extinct without passing through generations, it will be clear evidence that the spirit world exists only near the earth’s gravitational field.
Although it is a small matter, there are two major implications of using centrifugal force to generate 1G gravity in the experimental cage. First, under 1G gravity, mice or insects cannot distinguish whether they are in space or on the ground. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the argument that the stress of weightlessness affected the experiment.
Further, if the mouse or insect dies and the connection between the body and the soul is broken, the soul will be thrown out of the centrifugally rotating cage into space. This is because the soul cannot physically interact with the cage walls. This means that the soul in a centrifugally spinning cage becomes less dense with each passing generation. If the spirits exist only in the narrow space of the earth’s gravitational sphere, this experimental device can be expected to produce early experimental results.
We would also like to point out the results of this experiment. Let us assume that the experiment works, and there is no new generation of life in space beyond a certain distance from the earth, and the cage becomes a dead world.
In this case, the corpse in the cage may become mummified without decay. In that case, it means that the soul is paired with the body of the bacterium not only for mammals and insects but also for the bacteria that cause putrefaction.
It would be interesting to logically consider what would happen if we were to retrieve the cage and return it to the earth’s gravity. Once back in the earth’s gravity, the bacteria may start to work again, and the corpse may start to decompose. Insect eggs may also recover from asphyxia and hatching.
This may support the panspermia theory that life originated in the universe outside our solar system.
Panspermia is the theory that life was once born in another star system and that bacteria attached to meteorites ejected from that star system reached our solar system and became the source of life.10
If the bacteria are in a state of hibernation while traveling through space and only resume their activity when they reach another stellar system and meet the spirit of that star, is this evidence that suggests the structure of a larger universe? In fact, based on the idea that two branes were created in the Big Bang, it is more likely that spirits are trapped in gravity in other stellar systems as well as our solar system.
This is actually a scientific experiment that can be demonstrated with the technology of modern science and a budget of millions of dollars. If proven, scientists cannot ignore the possibility of the existence of the spirit world and extra dimensions. In other words, the study of the spirit world, such as the superstring theory and big bang cosmology, will become a major research topic among leading scientists at famous universities.
In other words, the series of steps proposed here is a proposal to take the study of the afterlife into the realm of major research and simultaneously take science as a whole into a more interesting realm.
At the end of this chapter, we will summarize the possible risks of this space experiment going wrong. If this experiment failed, one conclusion would be that, unfortunately, the world of the soul after death may not exist in this universe.
However, even if there is a spirit in the extra-dimensional space, and even if that spirit is essential for the birth of life, there is a logical possibility that the experiment will fail.
For example, there is a case in which spirits are spread out more thinly and widely in space than we expect. Interstellar gas, consisting mainly of hydrogen, is spread out in a space similar to a galaxy. The reason we do not see such interstellar gas in our solar system is that during the formation of our solar system, planets such as Earth, Mars, and Jupiter sucked in the interstellar gas near their orbits, sweeping it up with their enormous gravity.
However, depending on the particle nature of the spirit, it is not impossible that the remnants of the particles that make up the spirit may be thinly and widely distributed in space rather than in a vacuum.
What if such interstellar spirits, although few in number, had the propensity to greedily attach themselves to life? Although it has been observed that the probability of the birth of life in a breeding cage released into space is somewhat reduced, the space that we think is empty may be a space where life can be born unexpectedly and persistently.
However, at the end of the solar system, beyond the borders of the heliosphere, the spirit would be too weak to give birth to life. To verify this, the experimental equipment should be carefully designed to swing by Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn and leave the solar system at high speed, similar to the Voyager spacecraft.
As a first experiment, I do not think it needs to be costly. Our proposal is to start the experiment by launching the experimental cage into the relatively empty space between Earth and Mars, recognizing the existence of these risks.

5 The Nature of the Soul and the Afterlife as Postulated by Psychic Research

This essay concludes with Chapter 4, but there is one more chapter we would like to write. This chapter focuses on the development of physics and psychic science in the future, after the success of the space experiment proposed in Chapter 4.
In the next step, after confirming the existence of the soul, it is necessary to reconstruct various phenomena found in psychic research from the viewpoint of physics. This will allow us to understand the nature of the afterlife in more detail, and it will also be a clue to elucidate this world from the perspective of physics.
Below, we will describe their properties step by step.

5-1 How Time Advances

First, we would like to discuss the difference in how time progresses.
There have been many testimonies of near-death experiences in which time moves differently.8 According to the theory of relativity, time in the extra dimension of the solar system, which is in the earth’s gravitational field, should move in the same way as on the earth. As the effect of gravity is the same, it is hard to imagine that time in the spirit world of afterlife is moving slowly, like stop motion.
However, the way we perceive time is dependent on the processing speed of neurons in the brain. If the information processing speed of the soul is faster than that of the brain, the soul may experience what seems to be several hours of experience in a short period during a near-death experience.
In other words, if we compare it to a personal computer, our brain has a slow clock speed, while the soul may have a fast clock speed that is 1,000 times faster than the brain, or in computer terms, about the same magnitude as megahertz and gigahertz.

5-2 Memory Capacity of the Soul

Nevertheless, if we consider the phenomenon of the soul from the viewpoint of information science, the amount of information that the soul has in this life and previous lives may be much smaller than that of the human brain.
The author’s memories of his previous lives were clear but extremely fragmentary. The truth is that he lived for more than ten years in his previous life, and his physical brain in his previous life must have had that much memory. However, what the soul after death remembered was only a small part of the memories of the previous life.
The memories of near-death experiences were just as limited, and the memories of near-death experiences after resuscitation were fragmentary.
This is just an image gained through personal experience. However, if the memory capacity of the human brain is a 100TB hard disk, we feel that the soul carries only about 1GB of memories from before death, about the size of an outdated USB memory stick. If the amount of memory that the soul can hold is not that much, then the soul may be much smaller than the human body.

5-3 Performance Difference Between Soul and Body

In this chapter, we assume the philosophical dualism of the soul and body. Materialists believe that all human thought is a function of the brain, while psychic researchers believe that the brain and soul have different functions from a dualistic standpoint.
Based on our experience, it seems that among the things that materialists consider to be the function of the brain, the soul is in charge of consciousness, and the brain is in charge of thoughts and emotions, which is in line with experiences such as near-death experiences.
As for the difference in performance between the soul and the body, it seems that the body, especially the brain, is more powerful than the soul. If we compare the human soul and body to the latest weapon of the U.S. Air Force, if the soul is the pilot, the body is like an F-22 fighter jet. The pilot controls F-22 with his will, but the hardware capabilities of F-22 are much higher.
In other words, the body, as a hardware capability, exceeds the capability of the soul. Perhaps the performance of the soul alone is not sufficient to create a theory with complex and beautiful mathematical thinking, such as the superstring theory.
This may be the reason why, despite the afterlife being such a euphoric world, the soul never tires of reincarnating again. There must be some incentive for the soul to reconnect with the body to make it willing to live this painful life again.
Thus, we can infer that when we die, the soul and body are not automatically disconnected. Instead, when the body dies, it loses its usefulness and the soul consciously dissociate ourselves from the body. The soul is, surprisingly, utilitarian.
However, there are sometimes souls that remain in place without realizing that they are dead. We call them “ghosts.” In most cases of death, this does not occur.
When the body dies, the soul uncouples from the brain. Only then is the soul freed from the enormous information processing capacity of the brain, and the soul returns to itself, “Oh, I was a soul.” This was a near-death experience.

5-4 Difference between Emotion and Consciousness

There is a reason why the afterlife in a near-death experience is filled with happy emotions.
The body produces emotions such as fear and worries through the secretion of chemicals, such as serotonin, as a survival instinct. In other words, feelings of anxiety and unhappiness are functions of the brain’s ability to survive. When you become a soul, those instincts are no longer necessary, and you do not need to feel anything other than joy and happiness.

5-5 Replication of the Soul

We mentioned that the soul is not a single elementary particle like quarks in our world but must have a structure like a polymeric life made up of many atoms organically gathered together.
However, this is not the only property of a soul. A single soul, unlike a body, can be divided into many copies, or is capable of self-replication.
It seems, based on near-death experiences and experiences with psychic mediums, that the soul of a deceased person can always stay with each family member, loved ones, and friends after death.8 We should think that the human body cannot be divided, but the soul can be divided and replicated, just like an amoeba. Of course, our expectation is for an amoeba that is more highly evolved than the human body.

5-6 Mass and Size of the Soul

Next, we discuss the physical characteristics of the soul. The size of the soul may be surprisingly small.
To begin with, the string, the root of all things, is assumed to be only the size of the Planck scale. However, in our three-dimensional world, when it is transformed into quarks, it becomes millions of times larger. When three of these quarks are transformed into protons by the strong force of the gluons, they expand ten billion times more. The proton becomes the nucleus, and an electron cloud is created around it, making the size of the atom 100,000 times larger than the nucleus. It is the physical law of our world that the size of the original string grows 10^21times from the original string to the atom.
If particles of an extra dimension, different from our own particles, compose the life form called the soul by forces different from the strong force, weak force, and electromagnetic force—the physical rules of our world—then there is no need for it to grow at a large magnification such as a string or an atom. Rather, the physical size of the soul may be invisible.
If the spirit is physically heavy, its mass should be detected as an observable fact when our bodies are in accelerated motion. Given that this is not the case experimentally, we suspect that the mass of the soul is at most a few grams or less.
However, psychic mediums often point out that our physical bodies emit an aura that is almost as large as the physical body. Therefore, psychic researchers have the impression that the soul is only slightly larger than a human being.
If the psychic medium is also seeing our soul through their soul, it may be that they are merely projecting our soul, as detected by their soul, onto the size of us in front of them and saying so.
The total mass of dark matter such as souls that exist in the extra dimension must be considerably small compared to the mass of the earth. From astronomical observations, the masses of the earth, the sun, and other celestial bodies in the solar system have been accurately measured with considerable precision.
Dark matter in the extra dimension, which is trapped in the earth’s gravity, is observed as the mass of the earth in astronomical observations. Considering that this is not a difference that any scientist would find strange, the total amount of dark matter trapped in the earth’s gravitational field should be sufficiently small to be within the error range of the earth’s density calculation. It is probably less than 1 / 10,000 of the earth’s mass.
Initially, this idea may seem to contradict the fact that dark matter is five times the mass of the galaxy. However, observations by a Chilean observatory show that the concentration of dark matter is extremely low in the vicinity of our solar system.11 It has been observed that dark matter, which affects interstellar motion on a galactic scale, does not affect the motion of celestial objects as much in the vicinity of the solar system. The same is true for a larger observational fact: dark matter is not uniformly distributed in space but is unevenly distributed over the galaxy.

5-7 The Speed of Soul Movement

In this study, as our souls are captured in the gravitational spheres of the earth and the sun, it is assumed that the particles that make up our souls must have a certain mass in physics. Consequently, they can only travel at a much slower speed than light and neutrinos.
However, in psychic research, there is a popular belief that souls travel faster than light. What about in reality? Even if the soul could fly from the earth to the sun, it would take more than a few hours, not the speed of light.
This is illustrated by the near-death experience of a close friend of ours. She was in cardiopulmonary arrest for a long time, and her near-death experience was also considerably long. After looking at her own corpse from above, she found herself on top of a waterway and flew over the water for a long time in a tunnel-like area before finally reaching a place full of bright lights.
We believe that the places often referred to as flower fields, riverbanks, and huge lights are the center of the earth where gravity is concentrated in physics. Alternatively, it may be further away inside the sun.
In any case, considering her memory of a near-death experience in which she left the hospital room where her dead body was located and her soul flew a considerable distance and time to reach the location, the soul may travel at speed faster than a passenger plane but much slower than light when flying thousands of kilometers.

5-8 The Principle of Flight of the Soul

Thus, a question arises from the viewpoint of physics. What is the principle of flight of the soul? We think that the principle of flight is different from the physical laws of this three-dimensional world.
First, the principle of flying organisms in our world is the lift generated in a gas, and the principle of swimming is the buoyancy and resistance generated by liquids.
Matters in our world undergo phase transitions with solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas to change their shape. However, in an extradimensional space, elementary particles do not necessarily have the same properties. The particles that make up the soul do not interact with the electromagnetic force and do not contain electrons in the first place.
In our world, it is the action of electrons in which a solid undergoes a phase transition to a liquid, and a liquid undergoes a phase transition to gas. It is natural to think that the world of the soul is filled with substances in a state different from that of liquid and gas.
The rest of the story is merely an imagination. However, based on what we have experienced in our near-death experiences, it is likely that in the extra dimension, the entire earth is filled with spherical matter like an atmosphere composed of new particles. Our souls seem to be able to change direction freely in this matter as if swimming in the ocean and move at high speed as if flying in the sky.
In a world filled with such substances, it is possible to move from the ground to a high position against gravity. This is not a movement that ignores the law of gravity but means that a propulsion principle different from buoyancy and lift works on the sea or the atmosphere of the extra dimension.
Incidentally, there is a case where a person flew into outer space through a near-death experience and saw the earth from far above. The description is in an autobiography written by the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung in 1957. He had a near-death experience in 1944 when he had a myocardial infarction.
At that time, Jung experienced floating in space. He said, “I saw the earth far below me.” Gagarin discovered that the earth was blue in 1961; therefore, Jung’s experience was even earlier than that.
Jung did not see the entire earth, but he saw a spherical earth and the Indian peninsula. After his resuscitation, Jung confirmed that he could see the earth from such a perspective, which corresponds to a height of 1,500 km above the surface. It is much higher than the orbit of International Space Station(ISS). If we are to believe his experience, we should think that the atmosphere of dark matter extends to a significant height of the space above the sky.

This huge spherical sea or atmosphere may be connected not only to the earth but also to the sun by forming a narrow path, as shown in Figure 5-1a. As some psychic mediums point out, the human soul may also live inside the sun.
If so, this figure may be the correct direction to rotate to the left as Figure 5-1b. Because many NDErs say, "When I went up to a very high place, I could feel God there."

5-9 The Soul and Waves

Finally, there is evidence that waves and tuning are key to many studies on the soul. Waves provide clues to the scientific study of psychic phenomena.
It is known that when a medium’s brain is active, it produces gamma waves, which are relatively high-frequency brain waves of 26-70 Hz.8 This corresponds to the vicinity of the lowest key of a piano.
However, such low frequencies are not used in electromagnetic waves. At the very least, the frequency band used in our practical devices is more than 1000 times higher. In other words, electromagnetic devices are not suitable for detecting radio waves with surprisingly long wavelengths, such as 26–70 Hz.
First, the phenomenon of the synchronization of waves does not occur unless there is interaction with the source of the waves. Therefore, logically, radio waves should not be in tune with spirits. By the same logic, it is difficult to imagine that sound and spirits can also resonate.
It has been reported that the natural frequency of a skyscraper matches the wavelength of a dance performance in an aerobics studio, causing a large vertical shake or that a suspension bridge collapses due to resonance with the wind. The reason for such resonant phenomena is that sound waves and vibrational waves match the natural frequencies of buildings.
Similarly, radio frequencies can be tuned in because the radio circuit is designed such that the frequency of electromagnetic waves is the same.
However, synchronization or resonance with the spirit can only occur through the medium of a force that can interact with the spirit. In other words, it is the psychic medium, who is more likely to be physically in tune with and resonate with the spirit.
This logic can explain why experiments that attempt to analyze psychic phenomena using scientific instruments fail.
In an investigation at Margam Castle, a famous old English castle, when the air around the castle became colder due to apparent psychic phenomena, the installed sensors did not sense the temperature change.12 Perhaps the souls of the scientists must have felt something when their backs were all chilled simultaneously. However, as it was a psychic phenomenon and electromagnetic waves and spirits did not interact, the sensors could not record the phenomenon.
This is the same reason why every attempt by medical scientists to scientifically investigate near-death experiences, such as AWARE study lead by Dr. Sam Parnia, has failed when they try to get out-of-body experiencers to see the images. A images cannot be seen by a soul because soul does not interact with electromagnetic waves.13
Nevertheless, notably, the gravitational waves that humankind has succeeded in detecting for the first time correspond to frequencies in the range of 26–70 Hz. This is also one of the reasons for the theory that the soul is watching its own corpse from the air in a near-death experience by detecting gravitational waves, as described in Chapter 3.
The gravitational wave detectors that we can build with our scientific power are far from capable of detecting the waves of the spirit. The first gravitational waves detected by humankind are cosmic-scale gravitational waves from the collision of huge binary stars in the far reaches of the universe.
The properties of supersymmetric particles are unknown. It would not be impossible to assume that unlike particles in our world, they can easily resonate with gravity. This is also the basis for the hypothesis mentioned earlier that souls may see objects with gravitational waves.
To summarize what we have discussed in this section, it is not possible to detect the existence of the spirit with sensors, at least not with the current experimental methods of our science that use electromagnetic force. We suppose that the nature of the spirit’s inability to react to electromagnetic forces is the reason why we have failed in our attempts at scientific investigation to date.
In short, information from near-death experiences is significant as a clue to the nature of the new matter in the extra dimension.
The various properties of the spirit inferred from psychic phenomena described in this chapter can be provided by psychic researchers to physicists of the superstring theory as prerequisite information for the properties of particles in extra-dimensional space if the existence of a world of spirits is verified. Psychic research can be a clue to the structure of the world.

Conclusions and Suggestions

What is the best evidence for the survival of human consciousness after death? This essay aims to show materialists the answer as evidence that matter alone cannot give birth to life.
The concrete idea for this is to create an environment exactly like the one on the earth and then conduct a space experiment to show that life cannot emerge in an isolated space far away from the earth’s gravitational field. If this world is made without spirit, as materialists say, life can be born in outer space. However, if the world of the spirit after death is spread out in the extra dimension that we cannot see, then the results of the experiment will be inexplicable to materialists.
The scientific technology to realize such an experiment is already ready as of 2021. The only question is whether to conduct an adventure to prove it.
The budget for this grand space experiment will probably be in millions of dollars, but the benefits to humanity if the experiment succeeds will be enormous.
For the first time in history, humankind will be convinced of the existence of an afterlife and can view the inevitable aging and eventual death of everyone in a different way, instead of merely living in fear. For those of us who have lost the people we love the most, we can be sure that one day we will see them again.
The benefits of this experimentation for science are also enormous. For biologists and medical physiologists, it will be a Copernican shift in the definition of life, opening up a new and limitless field of research.
Physicists, who have been the closest to understanding the structure of our world through the study of the superstring theory, will also benefit from this discovery. At any rate, it will provide new evidence for the superstring theory, which has been said to be so far ahead in theory that there is no way to verify it. Further, if we assume the characteristics of the extra dimension inferred from psychic research, we will have a clue with which to narrow down the mathematical model that represents this universe.
This is a significant advantage for psychic researchers. Psychic research will become a cutting-edge field of study. At that time, our century-long body of knowledge in psychic research will lead to the development of all the sciences that explore this world.
Finally, we make a suggestion regarding the naming of the space experiment proposed in this essay—the phenomenon that life does not emerge in isolated space far from the earth’s gravitational field. According to the traditional rules, this phenomenon should be named the “Sumi-Suzuki phenomenon.”
However, we are ready to sell the naming rights of this phenomenon to those who are conducting this space experiment out of respect for them. We believe that the person who funded this risky and costly experiment has the right to go down in history like Queen Isabel of Spain, just as Columbus once did in his quest for the New World.

Supplement

In this essay, the authors’ original central idea concerns specific experiments showing the existence of a world of spirits and their theoretical background. Simultaneously, the part of the essay in which we discuss transposing the theories of modern physics to the world of the spirit is an original idea of both authors.
However, the study of cosmology, the superstring theory, and extra-dimensional space are the work of physicists and not the expertise of the authors as editors. In these sections, we have quoted the ideas of modern physics from technical books while being careful not to unnecessarily pervert the theory.
Thus, we have used Dr. Lawrence Krauss’s book “A Universe From Nothing” for the big bang cosmology, Dr. Brian Greene’s series of books such as “The Elegant Universe” for the string theory, and Dr. Lisa Randall’s series of books such as “Warped Passages” for extra-dimensional space as a textbook that would be commonly understood by as many readers as possible.
In addition, although the study of psychic phenomena is a field of specialization for both authors, we wanted to avoid any objections from readers regarding the details of these phenomena. Therefore, the descriptions of psychic phenomena, such as near-death experiences and memories of past lives, which are often experienced in similar ways, are taken from well-known studies in the U.S., not from Japan, except for the direct experiences of the two authors.
Specifically, we have quoted typical details of psychic phenomena in accordance with “Surviving Death,” which is currently airing on Netflix. Incidentally, we would like to add that our impression of watching this program is that the results of the American research are considerably similar to the psychic phenomena occurring in Japan.
If you are a general reader and want to understand our ideas better, we recommend that you read these three physics textbooks and watch the documentary series on Netflix.

References

1 Brian Greene “The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory,” W W Norton & Co Inc, 1999
2 Brian Greene “The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality,” Vintage, 2004
3 Lisa Randall “Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe’s Hidden Dimensions,” HarperPerennial, 2006
4 Lawrence Krauss “A Universe from Nothing,” Free Press, 2012
5 “Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 139 fb−1 of √ 𝒔 =13 TeV 𝒑 𝒑 collision data with the ATLAS detector,” CERN, March 2-2021
6 Lisa Randall “Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe,” ECCO, 2015
7 Dennis Overbye, “A Tiny Particle’s Wobble Could Upend the Known Laws of Physics,” The New York Times, April 7, 2021
8 Ricki Stern, Leslie Kean “Surviving Death,” Netflix, 2021
9 “Trajectory of Shuttle Missions with Japanese Crew Members,” JAXA, Chiaki Mukai in 1994, https://global.jaxa.jp/article/special/spaceshuttle/kiseki_e.html
10 Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panspermia
11 Ker Than “Dark Matter Is Missing in Sun’s Neighborhood?” National Geographic News, April 21-2012
12 Yuki Umehara, Karita Akira “Paranormal Phenomenon; Challenges of Scientists” (Japanese Edition), NHK Publishing, 2014
13 Sam Parnia, “Death and consciousness––an overview of the mental and cognitive experience of death,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014