24/3/30ãðçµå¶ã¯ããã³ã ïŒèŠçŽ
ãçµå¶ã¯ããã³ã ïŒãå°åæç·
æ¬æžã®æŠèŠ
ãå°åæç·(以äžãèè
)ã¯ãã¯ããã³ã€ããå®
æ¥äŸ¿ããçã¿åºããæ¥æ¬äººã®ç掻ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãå€ããã€ããé茞ããããäŒæ¥ã«è²ãŠäžãã人ç©ã§ãããçµå¶ããéããåŸã¯ãé害è
çŠç¥ã®æŽ»åã«æ³šåãããæ¬æžã§ã¯ãèè
ã®äººççµéšãšãšãã«çµå¶å²åŠãèªãããŠãããä»åã¯ãèè
ã®çãç«ã¡ãšããå®
æ¥äŸ¿ã®èªçãã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãå
容ããŸãšããããšãšããã
çãç«ã¡
幌å°æ
ãèè
ã¯1924幎ã«çãŸããã
ãç¶ã¯å€§åé茞(çŸã€ããé茞)ãèãã人ç©ã§ãããäžåŠãäžéããŠããŸããŸãªè·ã«ã€ãããè¥ãé ãããææ矩ãªäºæ¥ããããšæ±ºããŠãããè³æ¬é10äžåã§å€§åéèŒžæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã®åµç«ãé¢æ±å€§éçœãä¹ãè¶ããŠäºæ¥ãçºå±ããããå¿ã倧ããããã€ãªãã¢ç²Ÿç¥ãããã
ãæ¯ã¯ãç¶èŠªã®çæãé»ã£ãŠè£ã£ãŠããè¯åŠ»è³¢æ¯ãå
æŠã«ã¯åŸ¹å€ã§ããŠãªãæºåããããç¶èŠªããä¹±æŽãªæ
床ãåãããŠããææ
¢ããŠãããèè
ã¯ãããèŠãŠã家æã«åªããããããã«å¿ãããã
å°åŠæ ¡
ãåŽåäºè°ãèµ·ãããçµåé¢ä¿è
ã«èªå®
ã襲ãããã
ãèè
ã®æ§æ Œã¯ãã©ã¡ãããšãããšããšãªãããã¯ã«ãã¿å±ã§ãã£ãããŸããå匷ã§ã¯ç®æ°ãåŸæã§ãã£ããç®æ°ã¯ãåŸã
ã«çéãç«ãŠãŠèããç¿æ
£ã«ã€ãªãã£ãã
ãå°4ã®ããã®æ
ä»»ã®ç³äºå
çã¯ãæ ¡èãç«äºã«ãªã£ããšãã«èº«ã®å±éºãåããŠãç圱ãéã³åºãããšããäººæ Œè
ã§ãããèè
ã«ãšã£ãŠå¿ããããªãæ©åž«ãšãªã£ãã
æ±äº¬é«çåŠæ ¡
ãæ±äº¬é«çåŠæ ¡(äžåŠ)ã«å
¥åŠãããæ±é«ã¯ãçåŸã倧人ãšããŠæ±ããèªç±ãªæ ¡é¢šã§ãã£ãããŸãããæ¯æ§ã亡ããªã£ããæ£æã®ç¶ãšå§å©ãããæ¯ã«å©ãããã瀟å¡ã¯æ
åããã
ãé«çç§æ代ã¯ãããšã¹ã±ãŒãããšãããææ¥ãããããŒã£ãããã ãæ¬ã¯ããèªãã ãèªå®
ã®äžçæåŠå
šéãèªã¿æŒããã¢ãŒãããµã³ããžãããªã©ãèœèªããããã«ã¹ãã€ã®ã埩掻ããå蟻å²éã®ãå€å¯ºå·¡ç€Œããªã©ããå¿
èªæžã ã£ãã®ã§èªãã ããã«ã¯ã¹ãªã©çµæžåŠã«ã¯é¢å¿ããªãããã³ããªåŠçã§ãã£ããæ ç»ãããèŠããé«å¶ºäžæåã®ãææµãã¯ç¹°ãè¿ãèŠããæ°ã«å
¥ãã§ãã£ãã
ãåºçéšã«æå±ããŠãããæè¡çã«ã¯äžæã§ãã£ãããç±æãè²·ãããå
茩ããäž»å°ã«ä»»åœãããã
倧åŠããã€ããéèŒžå ¥ç€ŸãŸã§
ãæ±äº¬å€§åŠã®çµæžåŠéšã«å
¥åŠãããåéšå匷ã¯ããŸãããŠããªãã£ãããåãã£ããããã¯ã¹ã»ãŠã§ãŒããŒã®ããããã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ãºã ã®å«çãšè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®ç²Ÿç¥ãã®è¬çŸ©ã«æéãåããããããŸã§éèŠãšäŸçµŠã®é¢ä¿ã§åãã®ãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã§ãããšæã£ãŠãããããã®åºç€ã«å«çããããšããããšã«é©ãããšãããäŒæ¥çµå¶è
ãšããŠã®å¿ã®åºèŸºã«ããã®è¬çŸ©ããã£ãã
ãæ§å¶æ±äº¬é«æ ¡ã«è¡ããšãåºçéšãæµæ§åœã®ã¹ããŒããšãããè©èº«ãçãããŠããããšãç¥ããããã§ãå建ã«å¥èµ°ãããè³é調éã®ããã«ãå¯é å販売ãè¡ã£ããå·¥çå³æã®ãµãã«ãªã³ã§ããããã®åŸã足ãæŽãã倧åé茞ã«å
¥ç€Ÿãããã¯ãããŠã®ä»äºã¯é§çç±³è»é¢ä¿ã§ãã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã©ã€ãã»ãŽã¡ã³ã»ã©ã€ã³ãºãšæ¥åææºãããšããã芪ç«ãåç«ã倧åã«éã¶ããŒã¯ã«æéãåããèš±å¯ãããã£ãŠå€§åé茞ã§ã芪åç«ã®ããŒã¯ã䜿ãããã«ãªã£ãã
å® æ¥äŸ¿ã®èªç
åœæã®ç¶æ³
ã1961幎ãèè
ã¯åç· åœ¹ãšãªã£ããç¶èŠªã¯å°å£ç©ã¿åããééã§é¢æ±ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãç¯ãããããè¿è·é¢ã»å°å£è²šç©ã«ãã ãã£ãŠããã®ã«å¯Ÿããèè
ã¯æéãã³ã¹ããå²é«ã«ãªããšããèããããå°å£è²šç©ã®æ³šæãæãã倧å£è²šç©ã«éäžããããã«åŸ¹åºããããåŸã«ããã®å€æãã誀ãã§ãã£ãããšæ¯ãè¿ãã
ã1971幎ãèè
ã¯46æ³ã§äºä»£ç®ç€Ÿé·ã«å°±ä»»ããããã®é äŒç€Ÿã¯ãé·è·é¢èŒžéã®åºé
ãã«å ããçµåéåã®å
éåã§ã顧客ããæ¬é ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããããã«ã73幎ã®ç¬¬äžæ¬¡ãªã€ã«ã·ã§ãã¯ããæ¥çžŸäœè¿·ã«è¿œãæã¡ãããããã³ã¹ãåæžã§ãªããšããã®ãã ãã®ã®ãå±ãªãç¶æ
ã§ãã£ãã
ãããæ¥èè
ã¯ããå°å£è²šç©ãæãããšããæ¹éã誀ã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããšãã仮説ããã£ããæ°å¹Žåããã倧å£ã°ããã ãšæ¡ç®ãæªããšããããšã«æ°ã¥ãå§ããŠã¯ããããåæ¥ä»ç€Ÿã倧å£ãå€ãåã£ãŠããã ãããšããæšæž¬ã«ãããçŽåŸããããã«ãããããã§èè
ã¯ã倧éªã«åºãããéãçŠå³¶ééã®æ¯åºããã£ããåµå¯ããŠã¿ããé転æã¯è·ç©ãéãããšãäŒç¥šããšã«è·ç©ãåãå§ããããããšãäŒç¥šäžæåœãã4ïœ8åã»ã©ã®å°å£ãå€ãããšã«æ°ãä»ããã察ããŠåœæã®å€§åé茞ã§ã¯ã50å以äžã®å€§å£ã倧åãå ããŠãããåæ¥ä»ç€Ÿã¯ãçµéšçã«å€§å£ãšå°å£ã®éè³ã®éããç¥ã£ãŠããã®ã ããããèè
ã¯ç·åçåºèº«ã§ãã£ãããšããããä»ç€Ÿã®æ¯åºãèŠããŠåããŠãçŸå®ã«æ°ãä»ãããšãã§ããã
ãããã§ãåã³å°å£è·ç©éèŠã«æ¹é転æãå³ããã®ã®ã顧客ã瀟å
ããäžä¿¡ã®å£°ãããã£ãã
çæ³
ã第1ã®ãã³ãã¯ãåé家ã«ã€ããŠã®æ°èèšäºã§ãã£ããçæ³çãªééäŒç€Ÿã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããšããµãšãåé家ã®äºäŸãæµ®ããã ãäžè¬çã«åæ°ãæžããã°å®¢ãæžãããåé家ã¯å€§èã«çµã蟌ã¿ãè¡ãããšã§ç¹è²ãåºãã客ãå¢ããããããã§ãçæ³çãªééäŒç€Ÿãç®æãããšããããåãæ±ãè·ç©ãçµãããã§ç¹è²ãåºãã®ãããã®ã§ã¯ããšãã仮説ãç«ãŠãã
ã第2ã®ãã³ãã¯ãæ¯åã®æŽæãåèã«ããç¥ãåãïŒåŒã®æ¯åïŒã«éãããšãããšãã«ãã£ãŠãããåœæã®ééäŒç€Ÿã¯ãäŒæ¥ãçžæã«ãããšããã°ããã§ã家åºããåºã现ã
ãšããè·ç©ã«ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããªãã£ããåœéå°è·ç©ãéµäŸ¿å°å
ã¯ãã£ãããã©ã¡ãã®ãµãŒãã¹å
容ãé¢åãªæ瀺ãå€ããã®ã§ãã£ããèè
ã¯ã家åºã®è·ç©ãéã¶ã®ã«å°ã£ãŠãã人ïŒäž»å©ŠïŒã®ååšã«æ°ãä»ããã
ã第3ã®ãã³ãã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªç©ºã売ãåºããããžã£ã«ããã¯ãã§ãã£ãã倧åé茞ã¯è²©å£²ä»£çåºã§ãããèè
ã¯ç ä¿®äŒãéããŠèå³ããã£ãããžã£ã«ããã¯ã¯ãèªç©ºåžãããã«ã®äºçŽãåžå
芳å
ãªã©æµ·å€æ
è¡ã«å¿
èŠãªãã®ãå
šãŠã»ããã«ãªã£ããã®ã§ãããããã°ãæ
è¡ã®åååããããŠããããããèè
ã¯èªåã®æ§æ³ã«ããŠã¯ãã家åºãã家åºãžãšè·ç©ãéã¶ãµãŒãã¹ã®åååãèããã
ããã®ããã«èè
èªèº«ã®å®¶åºç掻ãç ä¿®ãæ°èã¡ãã£ã¢ãªã©ãã3ã€ã®ãã³ããæãåãããå®
æ¥äŸ¿ãã®æ§æ³ãçãŸãããäŒæ¥çžæã«æ¯ã¹ã家åºçžæã¯éèŠãäžå®å®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããç念ããã£ããããé³¥ç°ãããŠã¿ããšãæ¯æ¥å
šåœã§è·ç©ã®æµããèµ·ããŠãããããååãªéèŠã¯ãããšããçµè«ã«è³ã£ããéé
è»äžå°åœããã®ã³ã¹ãã¯æ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããããè·ç©ã®å¯åºŠãããããã°ããã€ãã¯æçåå²ç¹ãè¶
ãããšãã確信ããã£ãã
äºæ¥ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã«åããŠ
ãåœæã®ééæ¥çã§ããå®
æ¥äŸ¿ãã®çºæ³ã¯éåžžèã§ãã£ãã圹å¡ã«æ ¹åããã¯ããããã®ã®ãå
šå¡å察ãããæéã®ãããçŸè²šåºé
éäºæ¥ã¯èŠãããªã£ãŠãããããã«æéã®ããã家åºãžã®å°å£éé
ã¯ãè¯ãèŠéããç«ããªãããšããæèŠã倧åã§ãã£ãããã ããªã€ã«ã·ã§ãã¯ã®éã«éŠãåããªãã£ãçµåå¡ããã¯ãä¿¡é ŒãåŸãŠããã
ãèè
èªèº«ãã確åºãšããèŠéããããããã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã ããäŒæ¥çžæã®åæ¥è²šç©èŒžéãç¶ããŠããŠãåã¡ç®ããªãããšã¯æçœã§ãã£ããããã§ãæ°ããéãéæããããçãæ®ãéã¯ãªãããšèããèµ·æ»åçã®äžæã«æžããæ°æã¡ã§ãã£ãã
äºæ¥ã¹ã¿ãŒã
ã1975幎å€ãæ°äºæ¥ã®ã³ã³ã»ãããèªãèµ·èãããå®
æ¥äŸ¿éçºèŠç¶±ããšããŠåœ¹å¡ã«ææ¡ãããããã§å察ãæŒãåããäºè§£ãåãä»ããã9æã«ã¯ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããç·šæããç¿1æã®å¶æ¥éå§ãç®æãã2ã«æã§èšç»ãç
®è©°ããã
ãé
éãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã¯ãèªç©ºæ¥çã®æŠå¿µã§ãããããã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¹ããŒã¯ã»ã·ã¹ãã ããåèã«ãã3段éã®é
é網ã匵ã£ãããŸããåéœéåºçã«åœéãã空枯ã®ãããªãããŒã¹ããšããéè¡åºå°ãèšããã次ã«ãåšèŸºã«ã¯å°æ¹ç©ºæž¯ã®ãããªãã»ã³ã¿ãŒããèšçœ®ãããããã«ããã®åšèŸºã«ã¯ãã现ããè·åããããããããèšããã
ãä»ã«ããéè·æ段ãšããŠè»œèªåè»ãå©çšããããšããé
å±ãå次åºãšããŠéžå®ãããªã©ã现ããªãšãããŸã§æ§æ³ãæ·±ããã
éèŠããããš
ãäºæ¥ã¹ã¿ãŒãæã«èè
ãç¹ã«éèŠããŠããã®ã¯ãâ å©çšè
ã®ç«å Žã§ãã®ãèããããšããŸããâ¡å
šå¡çµå¶ãç®æãããšãã®2ã€ã§ãã£ãã
ãå©çšè
ã®ç«å ŽãšããŠã¯ã䞻婊ãå©çšãããããµãŒãã¹å
容ãç®æããããããããããããããæéã¯çºéå°åé¢ããããåäžã«ããããŸããé¢åãªè·é ããäžèŠãšãããããããŠå®
é
ãéãã䟿å©ãšããç¹åŸŽãããå®
æ¥äŸ¿ããšããããŒãã³ã°ãšãªã£ãã
ãå
šå¡çµå¶ãæ²ããèæ¯ã«ã¯ãå®
æ¥äŸ¿ã¯ã第äžç·ã§åãé転æã顧客ããä¿¡é ŒãåŸãããã«ãªããªããšæãç«ããªããããäžåžãéšäžã«åœä»€ããç£ç£ããåŸæ¥ã®æ¹åŒã§ã¯ã ãã ãšæã£ãããšãããããã®çºæ³ã¯ãäžæºå€§åŠã®ç¯ ç°é次éå
çã®è©±ããã³ãã«ãªã£ãŠãããšãããç¯ ç°å
çã®è¬çŸ©ã§ã¯ããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã倧äºã«ãã瀟é·ã®èããé
ã
ãŸã§å
±æããã°ã瀟å¡ã¯å
åãããè¡åãè¡ãããã«ãªãããšãã話ããã£ããããã§èè
ã¯ãé転æã«ã寿åžå±ã®è·äººã«ãªã£ãŠããããšåŒã³ããããåŒç§°ããã»ãŒã«ã¹ãã©ã€ããŒããšå€æŽããã
å® æ¥äŸ¿äºæ¥ã®ãã®åŸ
ãå察æèŠã®å€ãäžå§ãŸã£ãå®
æ¥äŸ¿äºæ¥ã§ãã£ãããåŸã
ã«æ¶è²»è
ã®èªç¥ãåŸãŠãã£ããæåã®ããã¯ããã©ã€ããŒã«ãšã£ãŠè±åœ¢ãªã®ã¯äŒæ¥çžæã®å€§å£è·ç©ã§ãããå®
æ¥äŸ¿äºæ¥ã¯å«ããããŠããããããã家åºãŸã§è·ç©ãå±ãããšãã«äž»å©ŠãããããããšããããèŠåŽæ§ããšå£°ããããããããšã§ã倧ãã«å£«æ°ãäžãã£ãã
ãé·å¹Žã®äž»èŠååŒå
ã§ãã£ãäžè¶ã¯ã瀟é·äº€ä»£ã«ããåæ¥é埳ã倱ã£ãçµå¶ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®åœ±é¿ã«ããã倧åé茞ãæ害ã被ãããã«ãªã£ããããäžè¶ãšã®å¥çŽã解é€ããããšãšããããŸãããç¶æ§ããªããªã£ããèè
ã¯å®
æ¥äŸ¿äºæ¥ã®å¥œèª¿ãªã¹ã¿ãŒããé·å¹Žã®ååŒå
ãšã®å¥çŽè§£é€ãç¶ã®æ»ãéãªã£ããã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§ãæ°ããæ代ãç¯ãèŠæããã€ããšãšãªã£ãã