高校入試　英語　【書換え問題】

公立高校の入試問題ではあまり出題されません（大阪府公立高校入試では、まず出ません）。私立高校入試には必ず出題され、配点も高い分野です。
数学や理科のように、公式化して覚えておくべきだと思います。

書換え問題の公式

－毎年よく出題される問題－

（１）～がある There are ～＝～have（has）

There are seven days in a week．
A week has seven days．

（２）雨が（雪が）降る It rains（snows）＝We have rain（snow）

It snows a lot here．
We have much snow here．

（３）とても～だから～できない so…that…can't＝too…to…

She was so young that she couldn't go to school．
She was too young to go to school．

（４）willを使うとcan → be able to，must→have to（1つの文に助動詞は1つだけ）

She can play the piano very well．
（willを加えて未来形にすると）She will be able to play the piano very well．

（５）～ほど～ではない not as…as＝比較級（～er）

Mike isn't as tall as Jane．
Jane is taller than Mike．＝Mike is shorter（smaller）than Jane．

（６）他の～よりも～だ 最上級＝比較級（～er）＋than any other ＋ 単数形

Mt．Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan．
Mt．Fuji is higher than any other mountain in Japan.

（７）まだ～ still（まだ）を含んだ文＝現在完了形（have＋過去分詞）＋since，for

He came to Japan three years ago．He is still in Japan．
He has been in Japan for three years．

（８）まったく～ない not（～n't）any＝no

There weren't any children in the park．
There were no children in the park．

（９）～してはいけない You must not（You mustn't）＝Don't

You mustn't be late tomorrow morning．
Don't be late tomorrow morning．

－最近よく出題される問題－

（１）～しなさい、そうすれば（そうしないと） 命令文,and（or）＝If

Study hard, and you will pass the examination（test）.
If you study hard，you will pass the examination.

（２）～することは～だ ～ing is easy（difficult, important, necessary, fun）＝It is…（for…）to…

Studying mathematics is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to study mathematics.

（３）～しましょう Let's＝Shall we＝How about～ing＝Why don't we～

Let's go shopping，shall we？
How about going shopping？
Why don't we (you) go shopping？

（４）～が好きだ like（to…）＝be fond of（～ing）

Ken likes to listen to the radio．
Ken is fond of listening to the radio.

（５）～が得意だ can…well＝be good at（～ing）

He can speak English well.
He is good at speaking English.

（６）今までこんな…～したことがない I have never 過去分詞 such a…＝最上級…that I have ever 過去分詞

I have never eaten such a big apple.
This is the biggest apple that I have ever eaten.

（７）受動態を使った書き換え

What language do they speak in New Zealand？
What language is spoken in New Zealand？

（８）どう～するべきか 疑問詞（how，what，where…）…should＝how to, what to, Where to…

Do you know how you should ski?
Do you know how to ski?

（９）とても…だから～だ so…that～＝～enough to…

He was so rich that he could buy a car.
He was rich enough to buy a car.

（１０）～だけれども ～，but…＝Though～，…

He is rich, but he isn't happy.
Though he is rich, he isn't happy.

（１１）～する必要はない（～しなくてもよい）don't have to＝need not＝It isn't necessary

You don't have to clean this room.
You need not clean this room.
It isn't necessary for you to clean this room.

（１２）分詞＝関係代名詞＋be動詞＋分詞

Do you know the boy running in the park?
Do you know the boy who is running in the park?

（１３）～に興味がある be interested in＝be interesting to

I am interested in music.
Music is interesting to me.