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『マズローの承認欲求と自己実現欲求に同意できない理由』英語韓国語日記2024/12/18
Maslow's theory of self-actualization, also known as the hierarchy of needs, categorizes human desires into five stages. The first is physiological needs, which are fundamental for survival. The second is safety needs, which focus on security and stability. The third is social needs, seeking love and belonging. The fourth is esteem needs, aiming for recognition and self-esteem. Finally, the fifth is self-actualization, the pursuit of one’s full potential and ideal self.
Maslow proposed that these needs are fulfilled step by step, ultimately leading to self-actualization. However, in modern times, this theory has faced criticism. Many people live without ever pursuing self-actualization, and needs do not always follow a strict hierarchical order. Individuals often hold multiple needs simultaneously, and fulfilling one need does not necessarily lead to the pursuit of the next.
Despite this, esteem and self-actualization remain significant in today’s world. Social media has amplified the visibility and importance of recognition, making it a highly valued commodity. Esteem needs are regarded as vital for building connections and establishing social standing. When these needs are met, individuals often gain confidence, psychological stability, and improved self-esteem.
However, the overemphasis on esteem and self-actualization has caused many to struggle. The prevalence of social media has made constant comparison with others a part of everyday life. Those who feel their need for recognition is unmet may find themselves comparing their lives to curated images of others' success. In cultures that glorify the pursuit of self-actualization, individuals often feel pressured to grow constantly or strive toward an ideal self. This can lead to perfectionism and distress when progress falters, or when they cannot keep pace with these expectations.
This issue does not stem from the importance of esteem and self-actualization themselves but from the way they are pursued. Over-reliance on external validation or losing sight of one’s values and pace can lead to imbalance. While it is natural to have these desires, their pursuit does not always equate to happiness. Everyone has their unique path to self-actualization, and sacrificing oneself to meet others' expectations should be avoided. Ultimately, what matters most is achieving one’s goals in a way that feels personally fulfilling while maintaining inner peace.
마슬로우라는 심리학자는 인간의 욕구를 다섯 가지 단계로 나누어 설명하며 이를 욕구 계층 이론이라 불렀습니다. 그 첫 번째는 생리적 욕구로, 생명을 유지하기 위해 가장 기본적인 것을 갈망하는 마음입니다. 두 번째는 안전 욕구로, 몸과 마음의 안정과 보호를 바라는 소박한 소망입니다. 세 번째는 사회적 욕구로, 사랑받고, 속할 곳이 있기를 바라는 따뜻한 인간적 욕구입니다. 네 번째는 존중 욕구로, 타인의 인정과 자신만의 자부심을 얻고 싶어하는 욕구입니다. 마지막으로, 인간이 갈망하는 최상의 단계는 자기실현 욕구입니다. 그것은 스스로의 가능성을 최대한 펼치고 자신의 이상적인 자아를 추구하는 여정이라 할 수 있습니다.
현대의 삶 속에서, 이 이론은 더 이상 단순한 진리로 여겨지지 않을 때가 많습니다. 우리는 때로는 자기실현을 향해 나아가지 않더라도 의미 있는 삶을 살아갑니다. 욕구가 계층적으로 차례차례 만족된다는 생각은 현실과는 다를 수 있습니다. 사람들은 때로 여러 욕구를 동시에 안고 살아가며, 어느 한 욕구가 충족되더라도 반드시 다음 단계로 올라가는 것은 아닙니다.
특히 소셜 미디어 시대에는 존중 욕구와 자기실현 욕구가 과도하게 부각되는 현실이 있습니다. 타인의 인정과 평가가 시각화되고, 마치 사회적으로 큰 의미를 가지는 듯 보이는 세상 속에서, 우리는 비교의 늪에 빠지기 쉽습니다. "더 나아져야 한다," "이상적인 내가 되어야 한다"는 압박은 때로 우리를 짓누르며, 완벽주의에 사로잡히게 만듭니다.
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