Ukraine (2)

April 11, 2022

It is said that during World War II, Western Ukraine sent a large number of collaborators to the German army. It may be the neo-Nazi pointed out by Masaru Sato, but I think it is one of the reasons Ukraine resisted the Soviet Union.

It is said that Stalin wanted to occupy northern Hokkaido.

I learned about the Volga River from the NHK special feature I saw when I was in elementary school.

"History of Russia" (Yamakawa Shuppansha)

Chapter 1 The Age of Kyiv Rus (Shigeru Hosokawa)

Thus, the formation of the East Slavs, who dominate the overwhelming majority in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus today, is the result of a long historical process and was clearly distinguished from the beginning as a Slavic sect. It wasn't.

Chapter 4 "Disturbance" and the Beginning of the Romanov Dynasty (Takeo Kuriuzawa, Tsuneyuki Dohi)

The rebellion was caused by the oppression of Ukrainian peasants by Polish aristocrats, the discrimination of the Orthodox Church by Catholicism, and the reduction of registered cossacks (cossacks who serve the king with salary).

However, at this time, about 100,000 "Eastern European Jews" who had lived mainly in Ukraine since the late Middle Ages were killed.

In January of the following year (1654), in Pereyaslavli, Khmelnitsky acknowledged Tsar's sovereignty over Ukraine and swore allegiance.

With the peace of Andrusovo with Poland in 1667, Russia regained the western part, including Smolensk, and acquired the left bank of Ukraine and the town of Kyiv. But the "annexed" Ukraine is guaranteed widespread political and social autonomy, as is diplomacy. That is why Ukrainian history sees Khmelnytsky's pledge of allegiance as the beginning of an "independent chief state", but in any case, 1648 was a watershed in Russian history.

Russia and the Ottoman Empire fought twice, triggered by the unification of the left and right banks of the Dniepuru River by Ukrainian leader Droschenko.

Chapter 5 Establishment of the Russian Empire (Tsuneyuki Dohi)

Charles XII's army was forced to turn to Ukraine.

Mazeppa was secretly approaching Karl XII in a plan to separate and independence of Ukraine.

Despite his inferiority, Karl Twelve did not listen to the peace proposal and surrounded the Ukrainian fortress Poltava in April 1709.

Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles accounted for about 35%.

Chapter 8 Russian Revolution and Establishment of the Soviet Union (Norie Ishii)

The quickest of these were the Ukrainians, who formed the Central Council of Ukraine in Kyiv on March 4.

The representatives who remained at the meeting were Bolshevik 390, Left / Central Sel 179, Unified Social Democratic International and Menshevik International 35, and Ukraine-Social Democratic Party 21.

Central Council of Ukraine, who wants an all-socialist government, declared the establishment of the People's Republic of Ukraine on November 7 (20) and deepened the confrontation with the Bolshevik government.

In contrast, in Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, etc., democratic parties were dominant.

In Ukraine, the new government took positive action, and on January 26, expeditionary forces from Russia occupied Kyiv.

As if to replace Kolchak, the army led by General Dennykin began to move north on July 3, after consolidating forces in Ukraine in southern Russia, issuing the so-called "Moscow Directive".

In April 1920, the Polish army claimed control and suddenly entered Ukraine.

However, as the movement for independence in Ukraine began and the civil war began, Moscow's highest leadership of the Russian Communist Party maintained the appearance of a completely independent sovereign state of republics such as Russia, Ukraine, Belorcia, Armenia and Azerui Baijan. Adopted the policy.

Chapter 9 Stalin and the Development of the Socialist System (Norie Ishii)

As a result, famine struck rural communities in 32-34, killing millions in famines in grain areas such as Ukraine, the North Caucasus, the Volga basin, and Kazakhstan.

There were also organized opposition in the Baltic states and Ukraine that were not necessarily favorable to the Soviet army.

In Western Ukraine, which has sent a large number of collaborators to the German army, resistance movements continued for a long time after the war.

(August 1945) On the 16th, Stalin asked Truman to allow the occupation of only the Kuril Islands or the northern part of Hokkaido.

As a result, drought-based famine spread to Ukraine, Moldavia, the Central Black Earth Region, and the lower Volga region from the fall of 46 to the summer of the following year.

In February 1948, the Supreme Council's executive committee issued a secret proclamation on "to evade labor in agriculture maliciously and to expel those with antisocial and parasitic lifestyles from Ukraine." Adopted.

Chapter 11 The Age of Perestroika (Nobuaki Shiokawa)

Other republics, led by Ukraine, also adopted the Declaration of Independence. Ukraine's independence was a mixture of "independence from the Soviet Union" and "independence from Russia."

The emergence of Ukraine's confrontation with Russia was shown by Yeltsin's statement shortly after the August coup that he needed to readjust its borders with an independent country. This statement was perceived as a Russian territorial demand, and showed strong indignation in Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

The Economic Community Treaty was signed by eight countries in October, and Ukraine and Moldova joined in November to make it ten countries, but it was difficult to materialize it.

In Ukraine, in the face of the independence referendum and presidential elections on December 1, all presidential candidates strengthened their nationalism and strongly appealed for independence. As a result, Ukraine did not participate in the drafting of the Federal League.

On December 7-8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus gathered in Minsk and Belarus Forest in Belarus to agree on the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Chapter 12 Russian Federation (Nobuaki Shiokawa)

The GUAM Alliance (later, with the addition of Uzbekistan), which is an acronym for Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova, was also established.