【一問一答】髄膜と大脳の髄質
1. 髄膜 (Meninges)
Q: 中枢神経系を覆い、保護する3層の膜の総称は？
A: 髄膜 (Meninges)
Q: What is the collective term for the three layers of membranes that cover and protect the central nervous system?
A: Meninges
2. 硬膜 (Dura Mater)
Q: 髄膜の最外層で、最も丈夫な膜の名称は？
A: 硬膜 (Dura Mater)
Q: What is the outermost and toughest layer of the meninges?
A: Dura Mater
3. 脳硬膜 (Cranial Dura Mater)
Q: 頭蓋内で脳を覆う硬膜の名称は？
A: 脳硬膜 (Cranial Dura Mater)
Q: What is the dura mater that covers the brain inside the cranial cavity called?
A: Cranial Dura Mater
4. 硬膜静脈洞 (Dural Venous Sinuses)
Q: 硬膜内に形成される静脈血を排出する洞の名称は？
A: 硬膜静脈洞 (Dural Venous Sinuses)
Q: What are the venous channels formed within the dura mater that drain blood from the brain?
A: Dural Venous Sinuses
5. 硬膜外板 (Periosteal Layer of the Dura Mater)
Q: 頭蓋骨の内面に密着し、頭蓋内でのみ存在する硬膜の外層の名称は？
A: 硬膜外板 (Periosteal Layer of the Dura Mater)
Q: What is the outer layer of the dura mater that adheres to the inner surface of the skull and is found only in the cranial cavity?
A: Periosteal Layer of the Dura Mater
6. 硬膜内板 (Meningeal Layer of the Dura Mater)
Q: 硬膜の内層で、頭蓋内で静脈洞を形成し、脊髄硬膜として連続する層は？
A: 硬膜内板 (Meningeal Layer of the Dura Mater)
Q: What is the inner layer of the dura mater that contributes to the formation of dural venous sinuses and continues as the spinal dura mater?
A: Meningeal Layer of the Dura Mater
7. 脊髄硬膜 (Spinal Dura Mater)
Q: 脊柱管内で脊髄を包む硬膜の名称は？
A: 脊髄硬膜 (Spinal Dura Mater)
Q: What is the dura mater that encloses the spinal cord within the spinal canal?
A: Spinal Dura Mater
8. 内層のみ (Only the Inner Layer)
Q: 脊髄硬膜は頭蓋内の硬膜と異なり、どの層のみからなるか？
A: 内層のみ (Only the Inner Layer)
Q: Unlike the cranial dura mater, which layer is present in the spinal dura mater?
A: Only the Inner Layer
9. 脊柱管 (Spinal Canal)
Q: 脊髄硬膜が収まる骨性の管の名称は？
A: 脊柱管 (Spinal Canal)
Q: What is the bony canal that houses the spinal dura mater?
A: Spinal Canal
10. 脂肪と静脈 (Extradural Fat and Veins)
Q: 硬膜と脊柱管の間に存在し、クッション機能を持つ構造は？
A: 脂肪と静脈 (Extradural Fat and Veins)
Q: What structures, located between the dura mater and the spinal canal, provide cushioning?
A: Extradural Fat and Veins
11. クモ膜 (Arachnoid Mater)
Q: 硬膜の下にあり、クモの巣状の構造を持つ髄膜の名称は？
A: クモ膜 (Arachnoid Mater)
Q: What is the meningeal layer located beneath the dura mater that has a web-like structure?
A: Arachnoid Mater
12. クモ膜小柱 (Arachnoid Trabeculae)
Q: クモ膜と軟膜を結びつけ、クモ膜下腔内に張り巡らされる構造は？
A: クモ膜小柱 (Arachnoid Trabeculae)
Q: What are the fibrous strands that connect the arachnoid mater to the pia mater within the subarachnoid space?
A: Arachnoid Trabeculae
13. クモ膜下腔 (Subarachnoid Space)
Q: クモ膜と軟膜の間にあり、脳脊髄液を含む空間は？
A: クモ膜下腔 (Subarachnoid Space)
Q: What is the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater that contains cerebrospinal fluid?
A: Subarachnoid Space
14. 脳脊髄液 (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
Q: クモ膜下腔に存在し、脳や脊髄を保護する液体は？
A: 脳脊髄液 (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
Q: What is the fluid present in the subarachnoid space that protects the brain and spinal cord?
A: Cerebrospinal Fluid
15. 軟膜 (Pia Mater)
Q: 脳や脊髄の表面に密着し、最も内側にある髄膜の名称は？
A: 軟膜 (Pia Mater)
Q: What is the innermost layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord?
A: Pia Mater