Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act

This law aims to ensure fair control of the entry and exit of all persons entering or leaving Japan, and to improve refugee recognition procedures. Since it is "fair control of immigration of all people", it includes Japanese people, but most of the law is related to immigration and residence of foreigners, and foreigners residing in Japan enter and leave the country or foreigners. 
Stipulates that if you live or stay in Japan, you must obtain permission under the Immigration Control Act.

Single status of residence

In order for a foreigner to live and stay in Japan, he / she must always have a single [status of residence] as stipulated by the Immigration Control Act. There are 30 types of status of residence depending on the activity you are going to do in Japan and your status, and you cannot live or stay in Japan unless you have one of the statuses of residence.
Furthermore, the scope of activities in Japan is limited for the status of residence acquired, and the period of stay is set.
The status of residence and the period of stay are granted by landing procedures, change of status of residence, renewal of period of stay, etc.
If you get paid for activities that are not permitted in, you will be "illegal employment", and if you stay past the period of stay without renewing your period of stay, you will be "illegal stay", and you will be  punished or deported for violating the Immigration Control Act.
Also, if you are deported, you will not be able to land in Japan for a certain period of time or forever.

Foreigners' right to enter and stay in Japan

The state can freely decide the permission of foreigners to enter and stay in Japan, which has been established as customary international law.
Most of the articles of the Immigration Control Act state that "the Minister of Justice can permit" and not "must permit", so it is a provision that allows the Minister of Justice to have a wide range of discretion. 

Residential Basic Book Act

Foreigners staying in Japan who have been issued a "Residence Card" will be included in the residential basic book system in the same way as Japanese nationals.
Therefore, if you move your address, you will need to submit a move-out notification or move-in notification.
Because of  this notification, the municipality will notify the Minister of Justice of the residence information.
Also, if you change your status of residence or renew your period of stay at the Immigration Bureau, the Minister of Justice will notify the municipality of these changes and the contents of your resident card will be revised.

Passport Act

Issuance and validity of Japanese passports and other necessary matters regarding passports are stipulated in the "Passport Act".
Immigration control is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, but passports are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Relationship between Passports and Immigration Control for foreigners

<Entry>
As a matter of course, you must have your passport at the time of entry and enter the country within the valid period.
If you can obtain permission to extend the validity period at the embassy or consulate in Japan, you can enter Japan, but you will be stranded at a landing port such as an airport until the extension procedure is completed.

<Residence>
You must carry a valid passport while you are in Japan.
Medium to long-term residents do not need to carry a passport if they have their residence card.
If the validity period has expired, it is necessary to extend the validity period or issue a new passport at the embassy or consulate in Japan.
Also, if you do not show a valid passport, you will not be allowed to renew your period of stay or change your status of residence.
When a new passport is issued, the Immigration Bureau can have the immigration bureau transfer the stamp related to the residence permit, such as the landing permit stamp of the old passport, to the new passport.

<Departure>
A valid passport is required to leave the country, and if the period has expired, you may not be able to leave the country without extending the validity period.
If you plan to return to Japan again, show your residence card and submit a document stating your intention to re-enter Japan, or use the deemed re-entry permit system to depart.
You will not be able to re-enter Japan unless you leave Japan after receiving a re-entry permit.

https://predia-law.com/