1937/08/28 上海ベイビー資料
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１.『上海方面戦闘詳報』「軍艦加賀」
八月二十八日
二．計密
（イ）機密二航戦口達命令作第一二号
加賀は第三艦隊命令に基き八月二十八日左記により空襲を決行すべし
九六艦攻 四 八九艦攻 六 南站及新龍華分岐点 14：00
九六艦戦 四 攻撃機隊掩護 14：00
（ロ）攻撃隊区分
第三次 九六艦攻 四 阿金大尉
八九艦攻 六 楠美大尉
九六艦戦 四 新郷中尉
三．経過
（ハ）第三次攻撃隊
14：00発艦。九六艦攻隊は14：50南站を、八九艦攻隊は15：00新龍
華站付近の鉄道分岐点を爆撃。八九隊および九六艦攻２は16：00爾余
の兵力は爾後呉淞宝山上空直衛に任じ、16：47全機帰還。敵機を見ず
四 成果
（ハ）第三次攻撃隊
九六式艦攻隊は南站停車場建物に２５０㎏４発命中。これを粉砕し他
の４発は汽関庫らしき建物に命中白煙の大噴出を認む。八九艦攻隊は
分岐点より若干南站寄り地点において「レール」に直撃弾１を得たり
（ ２５０㎏）。
五 我兵力の現状
南站爆撃の際、防御砲火をこうむり３機に２～３の小銃口径弾痕
（修理使用可能）あるのほか被害なし。
２.『同盟句報』第７号
空軍南市を爆撃上海
【八・二八】 我が航空機○○臺は二八日午後二時四〇分見事なる編隊群をもって上海南市上空に飛来。○○機の勇敢なる掩護のうちに江南造船所一帯支那軍事要地を爆撃、多大の損害を与えた。
上海【八・二八】 二八日午後の我が飛行機の集中爆撃により、上海南停車場に多数の爆弾見事命中。駅構内多数の支那兵は倉庫より駅構内貨車に充満していた軍需品と共に木端微塵となった。支那側報道によると、これがため死傷三百名、負傷者二百名を出したと伝えている。矢先に北停車場が我が爆撃に壊滅して以来、南停車場は支那増援部隊の到達の本拠となっていたものだが、駅構内は完全に粉砕され、二百ヤードの鉄路は跡形もなく吹き飛ばされ、軍用停車場としての機能を完全に喪失した。
上海【八・二八】 我が航空隊は非戦闘員の殺傷を避け、その爆撃に対しては細心の注意を払いつつあるので、閘北方面で激戦が行われるにかかわらず、南市一帯の住民は安心し、一部を除いては灯火管制も行わず過ごし来つたが、今二八日の我が空軍の南停車場爆撃におびえたものか、今夜より南市および浦東一帯に完全な灯火管制を施行した。それがため人口三百万をもつ大上海市を仏租界、旧英租界の一部を除く他は、暗黒の街と化した。
https://www2.i-repository.net/contents/myc/chosakai/A01_0107_007.pdf
３.米軍「第四海兵隊本部」機密事項
CONFIDENTIAL
HEADQUARTERS, FOURTH MARINES SHANGHAI, CHINA 28 August, 1937R-2 REPORT FOR PERIOD 18:00, 27 AUGUST, TO 18:00, 28 AUGUST, 1937.
2.Aerial Activity
Last night at shortly before midnight and again at 02:05 Chinese planes dropped incendiary bombs in the vicinity of the Kiangwan barracks.Japanese planes were in the air throughout the day, bombing in Chapei and on the Pootung Point. At about 14:00 four Japanese bombers, accompanied by seven fighters, staged an intensive attack on Nantao. The objectives of the attack were apparently the South Station and the Kiangnan Arsenal. The arsenal was struck and suffered some damage. Seven bombs landed in the general vicinity of the South Station, four of which did material damage to the station, tracks, and the railroad bridge. The inevitable slaughter accompanied the bombing, with dead already estimated at from 250 to 400.
https://www.bnasie.eu/Asset/Source/bnArchive_ID-104_No-02.pdf
４.『The Waterbury Democrat』
Caught Between Fire Of Japanese, Chinese (Continued from Page 1)
the Nantao lection of Shanghai, Immediately adjoining the French concession, by bombs from a fleet of gigantic Japanese bombing planes, newly arrived to reinforce the army.
400 Civilians
KilledIt was estimate.1 that 400 civilians were killed by one load of bombs that fell on and near the South railroad station. The threat to the Americans was the gravest since the Chinese crisis, Involving hundreds of United States citizens directly. The tender started down the river at 11 a. m. with 321 refugees, Including 160 continental Americans and Filipinos. As usual now, a navy guard was Aboard. Nearing the President Lincoln, a Japanese patrol boat circled the liner, firing at Chinese ashore. Chinese responded with machine gun and rifle fire. The President Lincoln Itself, was under fire at Intervals from 9 am, to 2 pm, because Japanese warships, a cruiser and four destroyers, maneuvered near It. Two of the destroyers passed between the liner and the Chinese lines.Bullets, too many to be estimated hit the liner’s side as It lay off the Woosung quarantine station.
All Under FireFour
Americans who had come via Japan on the liner boarded the tender and they and the navy guards in turn were brought under fire as they came up the river. The President Lincoln made off with urgent haste to Hong Kong.The threat to the Americans seemed over for the moment, but many hundreds of tom bodies of Chinese, many of them women and children, lay In the streets of the Nantao district. About 1,000 Chinese were huddled around the South station when bomb after bomb landed within a few seconds. Some of the people there were awaiting trains, others seeking shelter In the ''safety" of the station from the Japanese bombs, raining down mercilessly on the crowded native section.
Bodies in Fragments
The bombs that landed on and near the station blew the bodies of men, women and children, torn into fragments, alone the railroad tracks. Arms, legs, heads of babies, children, men and women ranging up ward to venerable years were scattered for hundreds of yards around the station.American service was disrupted, and rescue work was poignantly slow. Rickshaws were commandeered to take mutilated victims still alive to hospitals. But it was found that hospitals all through the area were Jammed with wounded Chinese soldiers, from the front, and the situation at the hospitals became chaotic.
Victims Mangled
As the mangled victims lay in agony, the Japanese bombers kept up a terrible rain of death on the Nantao section. One squadron of the planes flew directly along the boundary of the French concession, observing, while others poured bombe into the crowded native city, designing to drive out 5,000 Chinese troops and a trench mortar battery there. French troops manning barricades on the border between their concession and the Nantao district made ready for a possible rush of refugees or soldiers. They had orders to shoot to kill any armed Chinese soldiers who tried to rush the barricades, Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, British ambassador wounded by a Japanese airplane machine gun that raked his motor car as he drove toward Shanghai from Nanking, was reported In fair condition at the country hospltal. It was announced that he spent a restful night and that his general condition was "well maintained." He was able to take only liquid nourishment.
５.『Evening star』
ｐ1
JAPAN’S PLANES KILL REFUGEES IN TERRORIZING SHANGHAI ANEW; BRITAIN AW AITS TOKIO APOLOGY
600 Dead, InjuredIs Toll of 16 Bombers. 160 AMERICANS FLEE TO LINERChinese Artillery Shell Japanese Hongkew.
BACKGROUND—
Undeclared Sino-Japanese war which began July 7 near Peiping spread to Shanghai after killing of two Japanese at Hungjao airdrome there August 9. Four Americans hare lost their lives in battles around Shanghai and British Ambassador was wounded near the metropolis Thursday by Japanese airplane machine gun bullets.
160 Americans Leave.
A few hours before the Japanese bombardment of Nantao, 160 Americans had slipped down the Whangpoo River aboard a tender to eaten the liner President Lincoln for Manila. The departure was the quietest of the numerous evacuations which have carried 2.000 American refugees to safety since the Sino-Japanese conflict flared here with death to thou sands and infinite danger to foreign sections of the city. As on the other evacuation trips, bits of shrapnel and stray bullets from both sides sprinkled the Lincoln's superstructure. No one was hurt, how ever. A Chinese shell exploded near the United States cruiser Augusta, flag ship of the Asiatic Fleet, sending the crew in a dash for cover. No one was injured by the projectile, which was fired from a Chinese battery aiming at Japanese positions in the Hongkew section. The explosion came only a few hours after 17 sailors, injured when a shell struck the cruiser August 20. returned to duty. One seaman was killed in the August 20 shelling.
Battle Center 18 Miles Away.
While the Japanese bombers swept over Nantao with their cargo of death and destruction, the infantry and artillery battlefront appeared to be centered 12 miles northwest of Shanghai, about Woosung, where the great Yangtze River meets Shanghai's waterway, the Whangpoo. There was no convincing guarantee of lessened hostilities here, however, and American Marines sped work of strengthening defense works about the international section over which they maintain guard. Thousands of sandbag barricades were thrown up to form a triple defense line, and machine guns and small armaments were in position for instant action to defend the settlement. British, French and other foreign guard detachments likewise continued 1 to strengthen their fronts. 1 Nantao is the native quarter on Shanghai's southern fringe, adjacent ! to the French concession, in which most American residents of Shanghai 1 live. About 2,500 Americans remain in Shanghai, 700 of them women and children. Most of the others were among the refugees leaving the past 10 days. Sir Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull Hugessen, British Ambassador to China who was wounded Thursday by a Japanese aerial machine gunner, was reported improved today but his condition still is very grave.
Thousands Are Terrified.
During the bombing of Nantao thousands of terrified Chinese pushed and crowded through the streets, endeavoring vainly to escape.Mayor O. K. Yui announced 200 persons were killed and more than 400 injured by the 16 Japanese planes.Besides the normal population of (See CHINA, Page A-3.)
ｐ3
China (Continued From
First Page.)the Chinese business and residential ; section, thousands of natives had taken refuge in Nantao. The attackers, divided into squadrons of four ships each, swept over j the sector several times, leaving death and destruction in a half-mile area. Shrieks of the war-maddened Chinese populace rushing wildly in every direction mingled with the groans of the dying and the roar of the spreading flames. Nantao became a veritable inferno.
Aim Merely to Terrify.
The raid was another of Japan's remorseless campaigns to terrorize non-combatant areas. Chinese authorities said the airmen had no particular target, but. were only trying “to terrify and intimidate helpless citizens." Each of the four bombing squadrons was followed by protecting pursuit ships. Time and again they droned down out of the clouds to dart their deadly cargoes earthward. Some of the explosives killed and wounded many laborers who were repairing a railroad. The raid came at the busiest hour of the day. It was possible the airmen were trying to destroy the South Station of the Shanghai-Hangchow Railroad and the Shanghai municipal administrative buildings, but if so their aim was bad. Their bombs, Instead, reaped a shocking harvest of death among the humblest of Shanghai's civilian population.
Seek Any Haven.
Whole masses of shrieking humanity moved in giant waves toward any haven of safety, only to find the way cut off on all sides. When they clamored at the gates of the French concession, to the north and west, they were turned away. The French concession already was over flowing with Chinese refugees from the war-tom zones of Shanghai. Barred from the French concession, the maddened throngs fled toward the Whangpoo River to the east. In other districts some of the fear-crazed men, women and children thrust themselves through barbed-wire entanglements. The most tragic aspect of today's slaughter was presented by the scores of little children. Lester Hospital alone admitted 100 of the wounded little ones. Fears of the raid, in retaliation for the Chinese bombardment of Hongkew, had caused a wild evacuation of noncombatant Chinese even before the Japanese bombers attacked.The flood of refugees taxed the already overburdened relief facilities in the International Settlement.
New Theater of War.
Meanwhile, both belligerents were feverishly preparing for fresh destruction In a new theater of war, ranging from 20 to 40 miles inland from Shanghai.The Chinese have powerful defense positions and heavy troop concentrations in this area to hold back the freshly arrived reinforcements of the invading Japanese Army. Chinese sources estimated these at 60.000. Already the battle zone had shifted to Lotien, about 12 miles to the northwest of Shanghai. This brought a degree of calm to Shanghai, where whole square miles of civilian property had been devastated in the two-week Shanghai campaign-leveled by land and air bombardment without giving either side the slightest military advantage.
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1937-08-28/ed-1/seq-3/
６.『San Pedro News Pilot』
Japanese Bombs Kill 200. Wound 400 • – —A A ▲ * 16 Planes Raid Native Quarter Fleeing Americans See Hot Battle; Chinese Shell Blast Near Augusta
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Japanese Bombs Kill 200. Wound 400 • - —A A ▲ *
16 Planes Raid Native Quarter Fleeing Americans See Hot Battle; Chinese Shell Blast Near Augusta
By Morris J. Harris
SHANGHAI. (/P) —Sixteen Japanese planes poured bombs into the narrow, densely-peopled streets of the Chinese Nan* tao quarter of Shanghai today to kill 200 helpless, screaming natives and wound 400 more. Apparently there was no mili* tary objective to account for the holocaust. It brought to nearly 6,000 the known casualties among th#
‘non-combatants of this great city in 15 days of awful warfare. Nobody knows how many; more have been killed or wounded and their fate never reported. One hundred and sixty Americans, fleeing up the Whangpoo by tender to the Dollar liner President Lincoln, saw a furious battle between Chinese land forces and Japanese planes. The result was a decisive Chines* victory. Two Japanese bombers, flaming, fell into the Whangpoo. U. S. LINER PEPPERED As on the other evacuation trips which have carried 2,000 American refugees to safety since the battle of Shanghai began, bits of shrapnel and stray bullets from both sides sprinkled the Lincoln’s super-struc-ture. No one was hurt, however. A Chinese shell exploded tonight near the United States cruiser Augusta, flagship of the Asiatic fleet, sending the crew in a dash for cover. No one was injured by the projectile, which was fired from a Chinese battery aiming at Japanese positions in the Hongkew section. The explosion came only a few hours after 17 sailors, injured when a shell struck the cruiser Aug. 20, returned to duty. One seaman was killed in the Aug. 20 shelling. Late today, in angry reprisal for the Nantao bombing at the very edge of the French concession, Chinese cannon shelled Japanese Honkew, which lies at the north of international Shanghai. Numerous casualties were reported as the shells burst near the Japanese police station and along Boone and Miller roads. MANY BURN TO DEATH Fires started in Nantao by the Japanese bombs burned many Chinese to death. They brought back to the heart of Shanghai the devastation of modern warfare, which had shifted away with the centering of the infantry-artillery battlefront at a point 12 miles northwest of Shanghai, about Woosung, where the great Yangtze river meets Shanghai’s waterway, the Whangpoo. There was not convincing guarantee of lessened hostilities here,
however, and American marines sped work of strengthening defense works about the international section over which they maintain guard. Thousands of sangbag barricades were thrown up to form a triple defense line, and machine guns and small armaments were in position for instant action to defend the settlement. British, French and other foreign guard detchments likewise continued to strengthen their fronths. Nanto is the native quarter of Shanghai’s southern fringe, adjacent to the French concession, in which most American residents of Shanghai live. About 2,500 American remain in Shanghai, 700 of them women and children. Most of the others were among the refugees leaving the past 10 days. PASS CLAIMED The bitter war to the far north continued—Japanese claimed at last that they had completed occupation of strategic Nankow Pass, the 12mile gateway to Inner Mongolia, after a 16-day battle. Reliable sources, however, said the victory cost about 1,500 Japanese lives. Sir Hugh Montgomery Knatch-bull-Hugessen, British ambassador to China who was wounded Thursday by a Japanese aerial machine gunner, was reported improved today but his condition still is very grave. In London, Britain ordered a strong protest and, it was reported, might suspend relations with Japan unless Nippon satisfied British demands for suitable settlement. During the bombing of Nantao, thousands of terrified Chinese pushed and crowded through the streets, endeavoring vainly to escape. Mayor O. K. Yui announced 200 persons were killed and 400 injured when 16 giant planes rained tons of explosives into the humanitypacked Nantao quarter. Besides the normal population of the Chinese business and residential section, thousands of natives had taken refuge there. The attackers, divided into squadrons of four ships each, swept over the sector several times, leaving a field of death and destruction a half-mile square when they had finished their grim maneuvers. Widespread fires quickly licked the debris spread by the bombs and many of those who escaped the hurtling projectiles were burned to death. Shrieks of the war-maddened Chinese populace rushing wildly in every direction mingled with the groans of the dying and the roar of the spreading flames. Nantao became a veritable inferno. The raid was another of Japan’s remorseless campaign to terrorize non-combatant areas. Chinese authorities said the airmen had no particular target but were only trying “to terrify and intimidate helpless citizens.”
７.『The Bismarck tribune』
Shanghai, Aug. 28.——More than
600 Chinese non-combatants were
killed or wounded and the whole of
Shanghai plunged into fresh terror
Saturday by Japanese bombing squad
rons.
Mayor O. K. Yul announced 200
persons were killed and MO injured
when 18 giant planes rained tons of
explosives into the humanity- packed
Nantao quarter, adjoining the French
concession on the southern side of the
city.
The attackers, divided into squad
rons of four ships each, swept over
the sector several times, leaving a
field of death and destruction a half
mile square.
Widespread fires quickly licked the
debris spread by the bombs and many
of those who escaped the hurtling
projectiles were burned to death.
Shrieks of Chinese rushing wildly
in every direction mingled with the
groans of the dying and the roar of
the spreading flames.
Trying To Terrify
Chinese authorities said the air
men had no particular target but
were only trying "to terrify and in
timidate helpless citizens."
The deep, throaty roar of the Jap
anese planes heralded the raid.
Eight planes flew up the Whangpoo
river from Woosung. The large
bombers went* straight to their, grim
task while three smaller pursuit ships
wheeled about, protecting them from
a possible counter-attack by Chinese
planes.
IMl TVQ aQIIISmB VWlwWVlQ
by eight more ships and tbalr pursuit
ship escorts.
The bombs flashed as they struck
then came the rumble of each explo
sion. A pall of smoke with contrast
ing sheets of flame piercing it here
and there soon shrouded the field of
death.
Chinese artillery retaliated during
the afternoon by shelling Japanese
occupied Hongkew. An undetermined
number of casualties was reported as
shells fell near the Japanese police
station and along Boone and Miller
roads.
But a few hours before, 100 Amer
icans had slipped down the Wangpoo
river aboard a tender to catch the
liner President Lincoln for Manila.
Meanwhile, both belligerents were
feverishly preparing for fresh destruc
tion in a new theater of war, ranging
from 20 to 40 miles inland from
■参考資料
（1）特設航空隊戦斗概報』第２３航空司令
二八日第二三号航空隊戦闘概報
一.九四式水上偵察機全機をもって連続第三師団予定集合地点および浦東側の敵陣地に対し、午前制歴に任ず
二.九五式水偵三機に同租界上空の対空警戒に任じ、敵侵入を見ず
三.我に損害なし
四.本日の爆弾消耗類六〇キロ爆弾四三個