通訳案内士２次口述試験（プレゼンねた）＃9：時事問題編

３密
[Keyword]
①３密はコロナウィルスを拡散させないための基本的な規律。
②３密は次の３つの感染症の伝搬を引き起こす危険な状況を示す。
換気が不十分な密閉された空間
たくさんの人が密集した場所
近い距離の会話などの密接した接触
③政府や知事がこの３密を避けるように繰り返し依頼。
多くのレストラン、居酒屋などが規律に従うために営業時間や接客数や酒の提供を制限する。
④彼らの犠牲と努力で日本の感染状況は他国よりかなり良く見える。
I would like to talk about “Sanmitsu” because this term is closely related with a fundamental discipline not to spread infectious virus as current COVID-19.
“Sanmitsu” refers to three Cs. It is cautious conditions that facilitate transmission of infectious diseases.
These are
     - Closed spaces with poor ventilation.
     - Crowed places with many people nearby.
     - Close-contact setting such as cross-range conversation.
In order to prevent from outbreak or group infection,
Japanese government and provincial governors urge people to avoid three Cs repeatedly.
Therefore, many restaurants, pubs, theaters and sports facilities has been forced to follow this discipline.
And they must follow limitations for opening hours and number of customers, and restriction of alcoholic beverage service.
Thanks to their sacrifices and tenacious efforts, current COVID-19 infectious status in Japan seems to be in good and far better than other countries.
I really hope that the COVID-issue will be solved completely soon then everyone can enjoy the daily life as before.
[162 words]

 親ガチャ
[Keyword]
①子供の不公平感を表す言葉
②親とおもちゃのくじの造語でバズっている
③子供は親が選べないし、滅多にレアで強力なアイテムは手に入らない
④実際、親の経済力は子供の教育環境に影響するし、東大生の親の６０％の収入は平均の倍以上。
“Oya-gacha” is profound message of children’s feeling
Oya-gacha is coined word of “patents” and “children’s toy lottery” and this word is currently a big buzzword in Japan.
The idea is that children cannot choose their parents as an item for their life.
It means that not everyone can get the super rare, powerful items in toy lottery or in real life.
Actually, economical status of parents cloud affect the children’s education environment such as private schools, cram schools and some specific lessons like English conversation school.
In fact, over sixty percent of Tokyo University students come from homes where the average family income is more double than the national income average.
But I believe that children’s true happiness has not been only dominated by the parents.
I really hope that children don’t use their parent as an excuse and they can succeed their life by their own tenacious efforts.    
[151 words]

 二刀流
[Keyword]
①多くの年配の日本人は二刀流から宮本武蔵を思い出すと思うが、現在では日本人大リーガー大谷翔平の二刀流の活躍が誇らしい。
②野球での二刀流は投手と打者をやることでアマチュアや高校野球選手では実現可能だが、メジャーリーグのようなハイレベルな場所では分業するのが普通。
③大谷は2021年のシーズンを通して９勝と４６本のホームランを打ち、満場一致でMVPに選出された。
Nitohryu literally means two sword fencing.
I think many elder Japanese people can easily recall the well known swordsmanship, Miyamoto Musashi.
But today, Most of Japanese are proud of Ohtani, Japanese MLB player, has successfully done this Nitoryu this year.
In general a two ways player refers to a player who excels at both offending and defensing.
When we say the case of baseball, these refers to pitching and batting.
It is virtually possible to do for amateur baseball players or high school baseball players.
But, as in the highest professional level as MLB, these roles have been assigned to players separately.
However, Otani Shohei has done through this year with 9 wins at pitching and 46 home runs at batting for this season.
And eventually he was unanimously named the MVP for the 2021.
Again we are so proud of him and really want to visit LA to see his play with my one eyes.
[156 words]

鬼滅の刃
[Keyword]
①鬼滅の刃は日本のコミックでテレビアニメ化されてついには映画が放映された。
②コミックは英訳されて150万部発行、映画も大ヒット。
③主人公は鬼に家族が惨殺され妹が鬼にされた後に、妹をもとに戻すために鬼滅隊の剣士になる。
④コミックが発行されると熱狂的なファンがコミックやアニメの舞台に似た場所を発見して多くの観光客が訪れている。
Kimetsu-no-Yaiba, or Damon slayer in English title is Japanese comic series written by Gotouge Koyoharu,
Later this comic was made into animated TV series and eventually animated films were released.
The comic was translated in English and this has been over 150 million copies in circulation. And the movies were block buster.
Speaking of its story,
It follows a leading character Kamado Tanjiro, who strives to become a demon slayer after his family was slaughtered by demon and younger sister Nezuko turned into demon.
He is trying to turn his sister Nezuko back into a normal person.
As this comic released in Japan, dedicated fans found locations around the country that resemble those in the comic and anime,
Ashikaga flower park well known for wisteria trellis, Asakusa town and Kyoto rail way museum and other places are introduced via SNS,
Today, both domestic and foreign tourists flock to there.
If you are interested in this, I love to organize the visit there.
[164 words]

ピクトグラム
[Keyword]
①ピクトグラムは何かを表現するシンプルな絵。文盲の子供の教育用のツールとして開発。
②ピクトグラムの普及は前回の東京オリンピックと言われている。
英語の案内標識の整備がなかったのでピクトグラムを考案。
③その価値を社会に還元したいという理由で知的財産権は放棄され、今では世界中で使用されている。
④2021年のオリンピックの開会式で人間ピクトグラムが披露され大衆を魅了し流行語大賞になった。
Pictogram is a simple drawing that represents something.
Its origin of “Isotype” was developed as an education tool for illiteracy children.
It is said that current style of pictogram was prevalent from first Tokyo Olympic games in 1964.
At that time, Japan did not have enough capable to prepare informatory and guide signs for foreigner.
As a host country of olympic games, a group of designers developed various pictograms in order for easy recognition for both domestic and foreign people.
A inspiring story was this intellectual property of pictogram was waived by the design group for the sake of retuning its value to the society.
Therefore, this pictogram has been prevalent all over the world.
In this year, this word became a buzzword.
As we can remember, at the Tokyo Olympics opening ceremony,
the human pictograms attracted many audience.
Some performers performed a live-action version of the pictograms that represented the 50 events to be held at the Olympics.
[160 words]

侘び寂び
[Keyword]
①日本の美的センスを表したもの。わびは洗練された質素さの美意識、さびは寂しさの中の優雅な落ち着き。一言で言えば移ろいと不完全さの中の美。
②禅仏教と共に発展し、日本人にいろんな場面に多大な影響を与えている。
③侘び寂びは日本だけに収まらず、海外の美術などにも実質的に影響を与えてる。
Twitterの創業者ジャックドロシーが有名。
Wabi and Sabi are words to appreciate Japanese aesthetic sensibilities
Wabi refers to aesthetic of refined rusticity and Sabi refers to elegant serenity of desolation.
In short, Wabi and Sabi represents “beauty within transient and imperfection.”
Key images from Wabi-sabi are ephemeral beauty, tranquility, melancholy, and simplicity and frugality,
This has been developed with Zen Buddhism and greatly influenced the Japanese people in various areas from haiku poetry and Noh theatre to tea ceremony and modern art.
You can find many example through traveling Japan, especially in old city as Kyoto, Kanazawa and Kamakura. 
The spirit of “wabi-sabi” is not contained only in Japan but has substantially impacted Western art, architecture, literature, and movie making.
Jack Dorsey, a co-founder of Twitter. is well known as an example of Wabi Sabi in his design philosophy.
[137 words]

アニマルカフェ
[Keyword]
①Themed cafe. 動物と遊びながら飲食を楽しむ。
②台湾発祥。台湾の店に行った日本人観光客が大阪に日本初のアニマルカフェを作る。
今では、スペイン、フランス、イギリス、アメリカなどなどにもある。
③今ではCat, dog, owl, flying squirrel, reptilesとかもある。
④アパート、マンションなどのではペットが飼えないので店が増えている。
Animal cafe is themed cafe that you can pet and play with the animals.
It is originated from Neko cafe or cats cafe in Taiwan.
It is said that a Japanese tourist visit a store in Taiwan, he found biz opportunity about this and established first Neko cafe in Osaka.
Now these animal cafes are prevalent in Spain, England, French, America and so on,
Tokyo in particular is home to a lot of cat cafes, and other animals like dogs, owls, flying squirrels and even reptiles. These cafes have sprung up in recent year.
This has strong relation with the limited living space in the urban city.
In Tokyo, many people live in apartments or places similar to condominiums.
In these types of living quarters, pets are usually not allowed.
One of good things of animal cafes, especially cat cafe, it contributes to take care of stray cats and abandoned cats and to find foster parents.    
If you are interested in animal cafes, I love to take you there.
[169 words]

アニメ
[Keyword]
①日本のサブカルチャーの一つのアニメ。昔は子供向けと思われていたが最近では様々な世代が楽しんでいる。
②最も古いアニメは２０世紀初めのショートフィルムで、その後にアストロボーイがTV放映されてヒットした。
③海外アニメと比べて日本のは詳細で巧みな設定で、外国人でもわかりやすい。
④基本的にアニメは漫画を元とするが、最近では漫画の販売促進のためにアニメを作られる。鬼滅の刃は典型的な例。
⑤アニメ関連グッズも熱狂的なファンを喜ばせる。
Anime is a part of Japanese subculture.
In the past, people thought it was only for kids, but it is now enjoyed by people of all ages.
It is said that the oldest anime is an animated short film and produced in the beginning of 20th century. Then anime began to be broadcast on TV and it became a huge hit when Astro Boy debuted in 1963, the year before the Tokyo Olympic games..
Compared to anime produced abroad, Japanese anime has incredibly detailed and artfully presented settings.
And it has an easy but refined story to understand even among foreigners.
Basically anime is made of comic.
Recently, a certain chapter of comics is made into TV anime as promotion materials for selling more comics.   
Actually, latest popular anime, Kimetsu no Yaiba or Damon slayer, was 3.5 million in circulation before televising anime. But after televised, it has drastically increased in 150 million.
And related anime goods like posters, figures and T-shirts also attract enthusiastic fans.
If you have any favorite Japanese anime, why do not we drop by Akihabara, sanctuary of comic and anime.
[186 words]

Z世代
[Keyword]
①Z世代は1995年以降に生まれた世代。この概念はX世代、Y世代の次世代という意味でアメリカで作られた。
②それぞれの世代の考え方、嗜好性、行動様式は社会環境、技術革新やグローバル化で異なっている。
③Z世代は完全なデジタルネイティブなので膨大な情報の授受に慣れている。
関心ごとを簡単に調べたりできる反面、物を所有するより実体験する方が大事。リスクを回避する傾向がある。
X世代はアナログからデジタルへの急速な変革期を過ごしてきたので順応性が高いようだ。
Z-sedai refers to Generation Z or Gen Z which are people born after 1995.
This concept is made in the USA and Gen Z is the successor of Generation-X and Generation-Y.
Generation-X are people born between 1965 and 1980.
Generation-Y are between 1980 and 1995.
A way of thinking, preference and behavior are different based on these generations due to each period characteristic in social environment, technical innovation and globalization.
Z-gens are called as complete digital natives because digital environment had been already prevalent when they were born.
Therefore they are familiar with receiving and sending tons of informations.
My daughter is categorized in this Z gen.
She can easily see and hear everything via digital items so she often wants to have an opportunity to touch and feel real things.
In other words, she prefer intangible goods consumption like experience and splendid time to tangible one.
And they are well behaved and risk averse.
I am X-gens who experienced the drastically changes from analog to digital.
Then they relatively have a propensity to adapt the changes with flexible mindset. Today this characteristic seems to be out of date.
[196 words]

黙食
[Keyword]
①黙食は感染予防として推奨される行動様式の一種。
②日本政府は手洗い、マスク着用、３密回避などの行動を推奨するが食事の時にはマスクを取る必要があるためこの黙食を推奨。流行語大賞に候補となった。
③こういった懸命な努力によってコロナの感染状況は比較的に良い。
Mokusyoku refers to “Silent meal”
This is one of the recommended behavior to prevent the spread of vinous infection.
Japan government urge people to follow some recommended behavior such as frequent washing hands, wearing mask and avoiding 3Cs.
However we need to remove a mask while eating meals and drinking on usual daily life of school and work.
Therefore some doctors and provincial governors added this recommendation on livening our daily file.
This word was nominated as TOP10 rank buzzword of 2021.
Thanks to everyone’s tenacious efforts, COVID infection status is relatively better than other country so far.
I want the status to be stable and finally this problem to be concluded.
I hope to have happy and funny chatting with family, friends and customer as same as previous ordinary life.

ゴン攻め
[Keyword]
①ゴン攻めは2021年の流行語大賞の候補。この言葉は東京オリンピックのスケートボードでコメンテーターが日本人プレイヤー演技の表現で使われた。
②勇敢な攻め、果敢な挑戦という意味。
③NHKのアナウンサーは伝統的に説明的で丁寧な物言い。
対照的にコメンテーターはフランクに競技の臨場感を伝え、観客は競技に引き込まれる。
Gon-zeme is selected as one of the top10 buzzwords of Japan 2021.
This word was used at skateboarding at Tokyo Olympic Games.
A commenter of TV program made a comment on Japanese player performance by using this word.
This literally means that very brave attack or challenging performance.
I think the reason why this word went viral are the wording gap between announcer and commentator.
The TV program was televised by NHK which is national public broadcasting organization.
The announcers of NHK traditionally make their saying in explanatory and polite manners.
On the other hand, the commentator who is professional skateboarder makes his comments in frank and informal manners and his saying seemed to express realistic presence of performance and intense atmosphere directly.
Thanks to his explanation, audience were gradually drawn into athlete splendid performances.
I also learnt much from that.
If I will be a tour guide interpreter, I also make a communication in that way.
Not only formal, but also informal, That would be help customers understand things well.    
[173 words]