通訳案内士２次口述試験（プレゼンねた）＃3：舞台芸術・音楽編
2021年12月12日の通訳案内士口述試験に向けて準備してきたプレゼンねたを投稿していきます。何かのお役に立てば幸いです。
ご存知の通り”通訳案内士の口述試験”のプレゼンは二分間です。
BBCのアナウンサーは一分間に１００〜１１０語を話すらしいのですが、日本人が原稿もなしで話せるのは８割程度なので１６０語くらいを目処に作ってます。
尚、文法的に怪しげなところも多々ありますが、どうか温かい目でみてくださいね。
10.歌舞伎
[Key word]
①重要無形文化財、UNESCO無形文化遺産
②名前の由来：かぶく、歌＋舞＋技
③ステージドラマ、歌と音楽に合わせて男性だけで演じられる
④言い回し、踊り、衣装、ステージセットが特徴的
⑤歌舞伎座：東銀座にあり、世界唯一の劇場
Kabuki is one of the Japanese traditional perfuming arts.
It is listed as important intangible culture asset by the Education minister and is also designated as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.
The word of KABUKI is derived from “KABUKU” or “Status of tilting” which means avant-garde. So KABUKI was the latest pop culture at the Edo period.
This word of KABUKI also consists of three parts KA, BU, and KI,
These refers to sing, dance and skill respectively.
As the name suggests,
Kabuki is stage drama performed exclusively by men to the accompaniments of songs and music.
It is characterized by a combination of rhythmic words, dancing, elaborate costumes and stage sets.
If you are interested in this performing art, I recommend you go to Kabuki-za located in east Ginza at the central Tokyo.
This Kabuki-za is only one theater in the world which is dedicated to Kabuki.[151 words]
11.能
［Keyword］
①６５０年以上の歴史がある
②足利義満の庇護のもの観阿弥と世阿弥が室町時代に完成させた。
③和製ミュージカルとも言われ、謡曲と和楽器のオーケストラに合わせて男だけで演じる。
④主役はほぼ幽霊だが、恐怖というより美と神秘の雰囲気で幽玄と言われる。
⑤最も特徴的なのは能面で役によって幾つかの仮面を使う。
⑥なぜか室内の劇場でも屋根がある。
Noh is one of the Japanese traditional performing arts
And it is said to be the oldest theatrical art of Japan with more than 650 years history.
Noh is completed by renown actors, Kanami and his son Zeami, with the help of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu at the Muromachi period.
Noh can be said Japanese style musical performed mainly by men to the accompaniment of repetitive chants called Yokyoku and an orchestra consisting of a flute and three types of drums.
The leading characters are mostly ghost but its story is beautiful and mysterious rather than scary.
This unique atmosphere is called Yugen which refers to delicate beautiful.
The most remarkable characteristic of Noh is that some actors ware masks called Noh-men.
Depending in the actor’s role, they ware a various wooden masks,
Since it is used to be played outside, the current stage has also a roof on it even if it is inside the building.
[156 words]
12.文楽
［Keyword］
①三大古典芸能でユネスコの無形文化遺産
②浄瑠璃に合わせた人形劇で、それぞれ独立に発展したものが江戸時代に融合
③３つの演者のハーモニーが特徴
④人間国宝に選ばれていて、一人前になるのが大変で、伝承が難しい
④見学するのであれば国立劇場が大阪と東京にある
Bunraku is one of three greatest classical performing arts in Japan along with Kabuki and Noh.
It is designated as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Bunraku is a classical puppet play performed to the accompaniment to narrative ballads known as Jyoruri.
This Puppet play and Jyoruri were developed independently in old days.
These performing arts was integrated as Bunraku at the Edo period.
Therefore, its unique charm lies in the harmony of skills performed by three key players.
Firstly, three puppeteers manipulate one puppet with their sophisticated skills.Then, stories are told by men called Tayu with unique tone and deep voice.
And Shamisen players play the accompaniment to the Tayu’s chant.
Speaking of skills for this performance.
Some of performers are designated as living national treasure.
Therefore It takes a long time to be a full-fledged performers.
And it is very crucial concern for the theatric art to transfer its values to next generations.
If you want to watch this art, national theaters in Tokyo or Osaka is very popular.
[173 words]
13.漫才
［Keyword］
①漫才は２、３人でやるコメディ。古くから正月の伝統的な演芸を起源。大阪で独自に発展
②２人組のスタンドアップコメディの形式は太夫と才蔵による正月のお祝いの会話
③江戸時代に土地名を冠とする尾張、三河、大和漫才が人気。この頃は辛辣な冗談とかなぞなぞを加えてより滑稽さが増す。
④最近の有名なイベントはM1で。若手の登竜門
Manzai is a comic dialogue, usually performed by two or three entertainers in a variety program on TV. It tends be slapstick in nature.
It was based on a traditional performance observed on the New Year’s day from ancient times.
It has been uniquely developed in the Kansai region of Japan.
Speaking of more detail about its origin,
A form of traditional Japanese stand up comedy was originated from the celebratory dialogue by two characters called Tayu and Saizo who went from door to door at the New Year’s day with a kind of funny dialogue.
During the Edo period, Manzai named after its birth place such as Owari, Mikawa and Yamato manzai, become very popular in many place over the country.
Through this period, Manzai become much funnier by adding witty jokes and riddles to the performances.
Today, one of most famous TV programs for Manzai is M1 Grand Prix as annual championship tournament.
This M-1 Grand Prix is known as its prize of cash and the gateway to success for young comedians.
[175 words]
14.雅楽
[Keyword]
①古代の儀式で演じられた舞と音楽。舞楽と管弦で構成される。
舞楽は舞。管弦は日本特有の管楽器、弦楽器、打楽器で演奏される音楽。
②独自の音階による独特のハーモニー。コンサートホールでなく神社で演奏される
③個人的には、べに枝垂れコンサートが初体験。
べに枝垂れコンサートは平安神宮で毎年おこなわる野外のコンサート。東儀秀樹がホストで、管弦からポピュラーミュージックまで演奏。美しい音と桜のライトアップの調和に魅了される。
Gagaku is a genre of the ancient ceremonial dances and music of the imperial court.
The Gagaku is consisted of “Bugaku” and “Kangen”.
Bugaku refers to music accompanied with the dances
but Kangen refers to the music only performed by an ensemble of wind, string and percussion instruments..
It has a unique harmony with its own music scale.
It is usually performed at shrines not often at concert hall.
My first experience of Kangen is Benishidare concert.
This open-air night concert is held annually at Heian Shine in Kyoto Prefecture.
It is hosted by a well known Gagaku musician Togi Hideki and he performed various musics from traditional Kangen to popular one with famed musicians as guest.I was fascinated with a harmony of beautiful sound and cherry blossom illuminations in the precinct of Heian Shrine.
[137 words]
15.三味線
[Keyword]
①バンジョーににた３弦の楽器。沖縄発祥で、文楽、歌舞伎や伝統的な歌の伴奏として演奏。
②元々、胴は蛇の皮が貼られているが、日本は入手困難なので犬や猫の皮を使う。
③個人的なイメージは、和楽器の割に迫力があって、バチで叩くことで大きな音が出る。
④個人的には津軽三味線の吉田兄弟を思い出す。子供の頃から演奏を始めて、国内外の観客を魅了。
⑤芸者の三味線。踊りやゲームの伴奏として演奏され、伝統的な宴会の雰囲気に完璧にマッチ。
Shamisen is three stringed music instrument similar to a banjo.
It was introduced from Okinawa and is played as accompaniment to bunraku and kabuki as well as traditional songs.
Its body is originally made with snake skin but it was difficult to obtain this skin in Japan. then dog and cat skin are used as substitute.
My personal image about shamisen is a powerful sound for Japanese traditional music instrument.
This powerful performance can be produced by striking the strings with a plectrum.
Speaking of powerful performance, I can recall Yoshida brothers who are the well known as Tsugaru Shamisen players.
They stared playing Shamisen from their childhood.
Actually, their performance fascinates both domestic and foreign audience.
Another my image of Shamisen is the Geisha’s performance.
They plays Shamisen as the accompaniment to dances and games.
These music are perfectly matched with the traditional atmosphere of the party.
[148 words]